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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (03): 514-520.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00514

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作对绿洲灌区冬小麦产量形成的影响

李玲玲,黄高宝,秦舒浩,于爱忠   

  1. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2010-05-20 修回日期:2010-12-07 出版日期:2011-03-12 网络出版日期:2011-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 黄高宝, E-mail: huanggb@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(40771132), 国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B06), 甘肃省教育厅项目(0802-07)和甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金资助。

Effect of Conservation Tillage on drymatter accumulating and Yield of Winter Wheat in Oasis Area

LI Ling-Ling,HUANG Gao-Bao*,QIN Shu-Hao,YU Ai-Zhong   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / Agronomy Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2010-05-20 Revised:2010-12-07 Published:2011-03-12 Published online:2011-01-17
  • Contact: 黄高宝, E-mail: huanggb@gsau.edu.cn

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1744

被引次数

29

摘要： 2004—2007年采用田间定位试验比较了传统耕作(T)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TIS)、免耕不覆盖(NT)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)和免耕立茬(NTSS)5种耕作模式在甘肃河西绿洲灌区对冬小麦干物质积累、灌浆特性、产量构成因素及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明，NTS和NTSS延缓了冬小麦的生育进程，延长了其灌浆持续期；NTS及NTSS在冬小麦整个生长期都有最高的干物质积累量及相对生长率(RGR)，较高的主茎穗平均灌浆速率和小麦籽粒充实指数，穗粒数和千粒重也较高，最终表现为产量和WUE显著提高。与T相比较，2004—2007年NTS和NTSS平均产量分别提高18.6%和23.8%，2005—2007年NTS、NTSS平均WUE分别提高26.8%和16.1%。因此，在沙尘暴发生频繁、水资源日益匮乏的甘肃河西灌区，以免耕秸秆覆盖或免耕立茬的方式种植冬小麦是有利于小麦节水增产及农业可持续发展的种植方式。

关键词: 免耕秸秆覆盖, 免耕立茬, 冬小麦产量, 相对生长率, 灌浆特性, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Hexi Oasis area is the most important region for food crop production in Gansu province, where is not only exposed to serious wind erosion but also one of the main sources of dust storm in China. Spring wheat traditionally dominates in wheat production in this area, but the bare field from dry winter to spring usually accelerates serious wind erosion. Conservation tillage proves to be able to increase water use efficiency (WUE) and eliminate soil erosion. In this study, dry matter accumulating, yield and WUE of winter wheat under different tillage practices were investigated in order to establish proper systems of conservation tillage in the Hexi Oasis area for winter wheat production, to save water and prevent wind erosion. Experiments on five tillage practices were carried out from 2004 to 2007, including conventional tillage (T), conventional tillage with stubble incorporated (TIS), no-tillage (NT), no-tillage with stubble retention (NTS), and no-tillage with stubble standing (NTSS). The effects of conservation tillage on dry matter dynamics, grain-filling characteristics, grain yield, yield components, and WUE of winter wheat were determined using wheat cultivar Fan-13. Compared with treatment T, the growth and development process and grain-filling duration of winter wheat were prolonged in NTS and NTSStreatments. Both treatments had higher values in dry matter, relative growth rate (RGR), grain-filling duration, average filling velocity in spike of main stem, and filling index than other treatments. Although the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of NTS and NTSS varied across years, they generally showed higher levels than those of the T and TIS treatments, especially the NTSS treatment. The highest WUE was observed in the NTS treatment. The average grain yields (2004–2007) of NTS and NTSS were increased by 18.6% and 23.8% compared to the T treatment, and the average WUE (2005–2007) of NTS and NTSS were enhanced by 26.8% and 16.1%, respectively. It is concluded that winter wheat cultivation with NTS or NTSS system could be applicable in Hexi Oasis area to obtain relative high yield and high WUE, and the field coverage with wheat seedlings during the winter could be propitious to controlling the frequency of dust storm in China.

Key words: No-tillage with stubble retention, No-tillage with stubble standing, Yield of winter wheat, Relative growth rate, Characteristics of grain filling, Water use efficiency

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