不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00787

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下覆膜种植冬麦田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果, 在2008－2009和2009－2010年生长季, 以露地种植为对照(CK), 研究了3种覆膜方式(全膜覆土穴播、全膜穴播、垄膜沟播)对冬小麦农田土壤水分、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 孕穗前期覆膜处理0~200 cm平均土壤含水量在2个生长季分别较CK高2.3%和1.7%, 而在孕穗期至成熟期分别较CK低14.7%和7.6%。地膜覆盖可显著改善0~20 cm土壤墒情, 但拔节后20~90 cm土层以及全生育期90~200 cm土层含水量普遍低于CK; 2个生长季收获期0~200 cm平均土壤含水量覆膜处理较CK分别低64.7 mm和47.0 mm。在2个生长季中, 覆膜处理平均耗水量分别较CK多64.6 mm和77.2 mm。2个生长季夏季休闲后, 覆膜处理在秋播时0~200 cm的土壤含水量分别比CK高29.8 mm和22.8 mm, 显然, 覆膜有利于土壤水分的快速恢复。2个生长季覆膜处理的平均产量分别较CK高49.4%和53.2%, 水分利用效率分别提高11.8%和14.3%。在3种覆膜处理中, 虽然全膜穴播的产量和水分利用效率最高, 但从劳动力和生产资料的投入同产出效益角度考虑, 则以全膜覆土穴播最优。因此认为, 全膜覆土穴播是一种高产高效、操作简单、适宜于半干旱区推广应用的冬小麦种植方式。

关键词: 旱地, 冬小麦, 地膜覆盖, 土壤水分, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Mulching strategies and practices are required to increase crop yields in arid and semiarid rainfed areas. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different mulching modes on soil moisture, grain yield, and water use efficiency for winter wheat in a semiarid rainfed region of Loess Plateau, Northwest China during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons. Winter wheat was grown under four cultivation patterns: whole field plastic mulching with soil cover on the top of the plastic mulch and bunch-seeding (T1), whole field plastic mulching without soil cover on the top of the plastic mulch and bunch-seeding (T2), ridges mulched with plastic film and row-seeding in the furrow (T3), and non-mulching with row-seeding as control (CK). Compared with CK, the three plastic mulching treatments showed the increase of water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer before booting stage by 2.3% in the 2008–2009 season and 1.7% in the 2009–2010 season and the decrease of 0–200 cm soil water storage from booting to harvest by 14.7% and 7.6% in the two seasons, respectively. In the three plastic mulching treatments, the 0–20 cm soil moisture during the whole growth season was obviously higher than that in CK, however the 20–90 cm soil moisture after jointing and the 90–200 cm soil moisture during the whole growth season were lower than that in CK. As a result, the 0–200 cm soil water storage at harvest in the plastic mulching treatments was 64.7 mm (2008–2009 growing season) and 47.0 mm (2009–2010 growing season) lower than that in CK. Although T1, T2 and T3 consumed 64.6 mm and 77.2 mm more soil water than CK in two growing seasons, the 0–200 cm soil water storage was 29.8 mm and 22.8 mm higher at seeding stage in autumn after the summer fallowing. This result indicated that soil water storage was restored rapidly during summer fallow in plastic mulching treatments. Compared with CK, plastic mulching treatments enhanced wheat yield by 49.4% in 2008–2009 season and 53.2% in 2009–2010 season and water use efficiency by 11.8% in 2008–2009 season and 14.3% in 2009–2010 season. In a comprehensive consideration of yield, water use efficiency and economical return, T1 is recommended as a simple and applicable technique in semiarid rainfed wheat production aiming at high yield and high efficiency.

Key words: Dryland, Winter wheat, Plastic film mulching, Soil moisture, Water use efficiency

柴守玺,杨长刚,张淑芳,陈恒洪,常磊. 不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(05): 787-796.

YANG Chang-Gang,CHAI Shou-Xi,ZHANG Shu-Fang,CHEN Heng-Hong,CHANG Lei. Effects of Plastic Mulching Mode on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield in Dryland Winter Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(05): 787-796.

参考文献

[1]Wang F H, He Z H, Sayre K, Li S D, Si J S, Feng B, Kong L G. Wheat cropping systems and technologies in China. Field Crops Res, 2009, 111: 181–188

[2]Zhang S L, Sadras V, Chen X P, Zhang F S. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Res, 2013, 151: 9–18

[3]韩娟, 廖允成, 贾志宽, 韩清芳, 丁瑞霞. 半湿润偏旱区沟垄覆盖种植对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 101–109

Han J, Liao Y C, Jia Z K, Han Q F, Ding R X. Effects of ridging with mulching on yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat in semi-humid drought-prone region in China. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 101–109 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4]陈辉林, 田霄鸿, 王晓峰, 曹玉贤, 吴玉红, 王朝辉. 不同栽培模式对渭北旱塬区冬小麦生长期间土壤水分、温度及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30: 2424–2433

Chen H L, Tian X H, Wang X F, Cao Y X, Wu Y H, Wang Z H. Effects of different cultivation models on soil water, soil temperature and yield during the winter wheat growth in the Weibei dry highland. Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30: 2424–2433 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5]张德奇, 廖允成, 贾志宽. 旱区地膜覆盖技术的研究进展及发展前景. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23: 208–213

Zhang D Q, Liao Y C, Jia Z K. Research advances and prospects of film mulching in arid and semi-arid areas. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2005, 23: 208–213 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6]Han J, Jia Z K, Wu W, Li C S, Han Q F, Zhang J. Modeling impacts of film mulching on rainfed crop yield in Northern China with DNDC. Field Crops Res, 2014, 155: 202–212

[7]Dai J L, Dong H Z. Intensive cotton farming technologies in China: Achievements, challenges and countermeasures. Field Crops Res, 2014, 155: 99–110

[8]Gan Y T, Siddique K H M, Turner N C, Li X G, Niu J Y, Yang C, Liu L P, Chai Q. Chapter Seven-Ridge-furrow mulching systems: an innovative technique for boosting crop productivity in semiarid rain-fed environments. In: Sparks D L, eds. Advances in Agronomy. USA: Academic Press, 2013, 118, pp 429–476

[9]王彩绒, 田霄鸿, 李生秀. 沟垄覆膜集雨栽培对冬小麦水分利用效率及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37: 208–214

Wang C R, Tian X H, Li S X. Effects of plastic sheet-mulching on ridge for rainwater-harvesting cultivation on WUE and yield of winter wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2004, 37: 208–214 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]李廷亮, 谢英荷, 任苗苗, 邓树元, 单杰, 雷震宇, 洪坚平, 王朝辉. 施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31: 212–220

Li T L, Xie Y H, Ren M M, Deng S Y, Shan J, Lei Z Y, Hong J P, Wang Z H. Effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat on dryland. Acta Ecol Sin, 2011, 31: 212–220 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]范颖丹, 柴守玺, 程宏波, 陈玉章, 杨长刚, 黄彩霞, 常磊, 逄蕾. 覆盖方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分的影响. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24: 3137–3144

Fan Y D, Chai S X, Cheng H B, Chen Y Z, Huang C X, Chang L, Pang L. Effects of mulching on soil moisture in a dryland winter wheat field, Northwest China. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2013, 24: 3137–3144 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12]Xie Z K, Wang Y J, Li F M. Effect of plastic mulching on soil water use and spring wheat yield in arid region of Northwest China. Agric Water Manag, 2005, 75: 71–83

[13]李儒, 崔荣美, 贾志宽, 韩清芳, 路文涛, 侯贤清. 不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 3312–3322

Li R, Cui R M, Jia Z K, Han Q F, Lu W T, Hou X Q. Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 3312–3322 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14]Li F M, Wang J, Xu J Z. Plastic film mulch effect on spring wheat in a semiarid region. J Sustainable Agric, 2005, 25(4): 5–17

[15]李凤民, 鄢珣, 王俊, 李世清, 王同朝. 地膜覆盖导致春小麦产量下降的机理. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34: 330–333

Li F M, Yan X, Wang J, Li S Q, Wang C T. The mechanism of yield decrease of spring wheat resulted from plastic film mulching. Sci Agric Sin, 2001, 34: 330–333 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16]王喜庆, 李生秀, 高亚军. 地膜覆盖对旱地春玉米生理生态和产量的影响. 作物学报, 1998, 24: 348–353

Wang X Q, Li S X, Gao Y J. Effect of plastic film mulching on ecophysiology and yield of the spring maize’s on the arid land. Acta Agron Sin, 1998, 24: 348–353 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]Zhou L M, Li F M, Jin S L, Song Y J. How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect soil water, soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Field Crops Res, 2009, 113: 41–47

[18]李尚中, 王勇, 樊廷录, 王立明, 赵刚, 唐小明, 党翼, 王磊, 张建军. 旱地玉米不同覆膜方式的水温及增产效应. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 922–931

Li S Z, Wang Y, Fan T L, Wang L M, Zhao G, Tang X M, Dang Y, Wang L, Zhang J J. Effects of different plastic film mulching modes on soil moisture, temperature and yield of dryland maize. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 922–931 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]王敏, 王海霞, 韩清芳, 李荣, 张睿, 贾志宽, 杨宝平. 不同材料覆盖的土壤水温效应及对玉米生长的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1249–1258

Wang M, Wang H X, Han Q F, Li R, Zhang R, Jia Z K, Yang B P. Effects of different mulching materials on soil water, temperature, and corn growth. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1249–1258 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]Li F M, Guo A H, Wei H. Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat. Field Crops Res, 1999, 63: 79–86

[21]王红丽, 张绪成, 宋尚有, 马一凡, 于显枫. 西北黄土高原旱地全膜双垄沟播种植对玉米季节性耗水和产量的调节机制. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 917–926

Wang H L, Zhang X C, Song S Y, Ma Y F, Yu X F. Regulation of whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting on seasonal soil water loss and maize yield in rain-fed area of Northwest Loess Plateau. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 917–926 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[22]王红丽, 张绪成, 宋尚有. 半干旱区旱地不同覆盖种植方式玉米田的土壤水分和产量效应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35: 825-833

Wang H L, Zhang X C, Song S Y. Effects of mulching methods on soil water dynamics and corn yield of rain-fed cropland in the semiarid area of China. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35: 825–833 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23]Niu J Y, Gan Y T, Huang G B. Dynamics of root growth in spring wheat mulched with plastic film. Crop Sci, 2004, 44: 1682–1688

[24]Chakraborty D, Nagarajan S, Aggarwal P, Gupta V K, Tomar R K, Garg R N, Sahoo R N, Sarkar A, Chopra U K, Sarma K S S, Kalra N. Effect of mulching on soil and plant water status, and the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a semi-arid environment. Agric Water Manag, 2008, 95: 1323–1334

[25]Gao Y H, Xie Y P, Jiang H Y, Wu B, Niu J Y. Soil water status and root distribution across the rooting zone in maize with plastic film mulching. Field Crops Res, 2014, 156: 40–47

[26]张淑芳, 柴守玺, 蔺艳春, 常磊, 杨长刚. 干旱年份地膜覆盖模式对春小麦土壤水分和产量的影响. 中国农业气象, 2011, 32: 368–374

Zhang S F, Chai S X, Lin Y C, Chang L, Yang C G. Effects of plastic film mulching patterns on soil moisture and spring wheat yields in drought years. Chin J Agrometeorol, 2011, 32: 368–374 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]薛澄, 王朝辉, 李富翠, 赵护兵, 周玲, 李小涵. 渭北旱塬不同施肥与覆盖栽培对冬小麦产量形成及土壤水分利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 4395–4405

Xue C, Wang Z H, Li F C, Zhao H B, Zhou L, Li X H. Effects of different fertilization and mulching cultivation methods on yield and soil water use of winter wheat on Weibei dryland. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 4395–4405 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]王红丽, 张绪成, 宋尚有, 马一凡, 于显枫, 柳燕兰. 旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 2609–2614

Wang H L, Zhang X C, Song S Y, Ma Y F, Yu X F, Liu Y L. Effects of whole field-surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow on soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield in arid area of Gansu Province, Northwest China. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2011, 22: 2609-2614 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29]张淑芳, 柴守玺, 蔺艳春, 常磊, 卢晓花. 冬小麦地膜覆盖的水分效应. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2011, 46(2): 45–52

Zhang S F, Chai S X, Lin Y C, Chang L, Lu X H. Effects of plastic film mulching on soil moisture in winter wheat field. J Gansu Agric Univ, 2011, 46(2): 45–52 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30]任小龙, 贾志宽, 陈小莉, 韩娟, 韩清芳, 丁瑞霞. 半干旱区沟垄集雨对玉米光合特性及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 838–845

Ren X L, Jia Z K, Chen X L, Han J, Han Q F, Ding R X. Effects of ridge and furrow planting for rainfall harvesting on photo- synthetic characteristics and yield in corn in semi-arid regions. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 838–845 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[31]穆兴民, 徐学选, 王文龙, 温仲明, 杜峰. 黄土高原人工林对区域深层土壤水环境的影响. 土壤学报, 2003, 40: 210–217

Mu X M, Xu X X, Wang W L, Wen Z M, Du F. Impact of artificial forest on soil moisture of the deep soil layer on Loess Plateau. Acta Pedol Sin, 2003, 40: 210–217 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[32]沈禹颖, 南志标, 高崇岳, Bellotti W D, 陈文. 黄土高原苜蓿-冬小麦轮作系统土壤水分时空动态及产量响应. 生态学报, 2003, 24: 640–647

Shen Y Y, Nan Z B, Gao C Y, Bellotti W D, Chen W. Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil water dynamics and crop yield response from a 4-year of lucern and winter wheat rotation sys tem in the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecol Sin, 2003, 24: 640–647 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed