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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 423-430.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00423

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面喷施硒对紫甘薯硒吸收、分配及品质的影响

侯松(), 田侠, 刘庆*()   

  1. 青岛农业大学资源与环境学院, 山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-27 接受日期:2018-11-21 出版日期:2018-03-12 网络出版日期:2017-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘庆
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者联系方式：E-mail: hhousong@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-10-B10), 山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GNC110020)和国家公益性行业科研专项项目(201303106)资助

Effects of Foliage Spray of Se on Absorption Characteristics of Se and Quality of Purple Sweet Potato

Song HOU(), Xia TIAN, Qing LIU*()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-07-27 Accepted:2018-11-21 Published:2018-03-12 Published online:2017-12-18
  • Contact: Qing LIU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by China Agriculture Research System (CARS-10-B10), the Key Project of the Shandong Research and Development Program (2016GNC110020), and Special Projects for Public Welfare Research (201303106).

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摘要：

为研究叶面施硒条件下紫甘薯对硒的吸收利用特征及其品质效应, 于2015年和2016年分别布置紫甘薯叶面施硒田间试验, 设纯硒施用量0、30和60 g hm-2 3个水平, 研究了叶面喷施外源硒对紫甘薯块根产量、不同器官硒含量、块根硒累积量与硒利用率的影响, 并分析了块根中粗蛋白、氨基酸和矿质元素含量随施硒量的变化。结果表明, 施硒对紫甘薯块根产量的影响不显著, 但可提高块根中的总硒含量、有机硒含量和硒累积量, 60 g hm-2施硒量下, 块根中的硒含量可达311.3 µg kg-1(干重), 是对照处理的8.54倍; 随施硒量增加, 块根中硒含量和硒累积量显著增加, 块根对硒的利用率下降, 但施硒对块根中有机硒占总硒的比例无显著影响; 紫甘薯块根中的粗蛋白含量随施硒量增加而显著提高, 两个施硒量下分别比对照增加11.67%和29.71%; 60 g hm-2施硒量下, 块根中除苏氨酸外的其他7种人体必需氨基酸含量显著增加, 天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸等6种人体非必需氨基酸含量显著增加, 胱氨酸含量降低; 施硒还可提高紫甘薯块根中K、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu等元素的含量, 使块根中Ca、Mn等元素含量降低, 两个施硒量对块根中的Zn元素含量均未产生显著影响。本研究结果对富硒紫甘薯生产具有指导意义。

关键词: 紫甘薯, 硒, 吸收与累积, 蛋白质, 氨基酸, 矿质元素, 叶面喷施

Abstract:

In order to clarify the absorption characteristics of selenium (Se), root yield, Se utilization, content of amino acids and mineral elements in purple sweet potato, a field experiment of foliage spraying with three treatments of 0, 30, and 60 g ha-1 pure Se application were carried out in 2015 and 2016 respectively. The root yield of purple sweet potato received no significantly effect from Se foliage spray, the Se content, organic Se content and the Se accumulation in root were improved, with a root Se content of 311.3 µg kg-1 (DW), 8.54 times as high as that of the control under 60 g ha-1 Se application. Se content and accumulation amount in root increased and the utilization rate of Se decreased significantly with the increase of Se application, while the content of organic Se in root received no significantly effect from Se foliage spray. With increasing Se application, the content of crude protein in root of purple sweet potato was significantly increased, which was 11.67% and 29.71% higher than that of CK under Se treatment of 30 g ha-1 and 60 g ha-1 respectively. Under 60 g ha-1 Se application treatment, seven essential amino acids for human body contained in roots increased significantly except Threonine, and the other six nonessential amino acids in roots also increased significantly such as Asparagine, Serine, Glutamic acid, but the content of Cysteine decreased. Se application treatments increased the contents of K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu and decreased the contents of Ca, Mn in roots of purple sweet potato, but had no effect on content of Zn. The results of this study are of significance guiding production of Se-enriched purple sweet potato.

Key words: purple sweet potato, selenium, absorption and accumulation, protein, amino acid, mineral elements, foliar spraying

图1

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根产量同一年份不同处理间标以不同字母的值差异达显著水平(P < 0.05)。"

表1

不同施硒量下紫甘薯各器官中的总硒含量"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 各器官含硒量 Se content in organs
块根 Root tuber 茎 Stem 叶 Leaf 叶柄 Petiole
2015 CK 39.9±8.2 c 54.2±7.4 c 156.3±12.4 c 63.7±9.7 c
Se1 209.7±25.3 b 289.1±28.7 b 503.9±47.6 b 277.0±32.1 b
Se2 301.6±33.2 a 680.1±45.3 a 1333.5±105.7 a 589.3±62.3 a
2016 CK 33.5±6.1 c 50.3±6.5 c 134.8±18.3 c 55.4±6.8 c
Se1 189.1±23.4 b 266.9±30.2 b 487.6±55.9 b 283.6±27.2 b
Se2 311.3±38.7 a 649.6±51.9 a 1299.0±111.2 a 567.8±58.4 a

表2

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根有机硒含量及其占总硒的比例"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 总硒
Total selenium
(µg kg-1 DW)		 有机硒
Organic selenium
(µg kg-1 DW)		 有机硒占总硒的比例
Ratios of organic selenium to total selenium (%)
2015 CK 39.9±8.2 c 30.6±7.6 c 76.81 a
Se1 209.7±25.3 b 154.1±22.3 b 73.43 a
Se2 301.6±33.2 a 229.2±30.8 a 75.96 a
2016 CK 33.5±6.1 c 25.9±6.4 c 77.33 a
Se1 189.1±23.4 b 140.5±22.9 b 74.25 a
Se2 311.3±38.7 a 244.6±38.1 a 78.56 a

表3

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根的硒累积量和利用率"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 块根硒含量
Concentration of
selenium in root tuber
(µg kg-1 DW)		 块根产量
Yield of root tuber
(t hm-2 FW)		 薯块含水率
Moisture content
in root tuber (%)		 块根硒累积量
Selenium accumulation in root tuber (mg hm-2)		 块根硒利用率
Utilization ratio of selenium in root tuber (%)
2015 CK 39.9±8.2 c 31.6±3.66 a 71.24 362.6 —
Se1 209.7±25.3 b 30.7±4.24 a 70.83 1877.9 5.05
Se2 301.6±33.2 a 29.6±3.58 a 70.36 2646.1 3.81
2016 CK 36.5±6.1 c 30.7±4.01 a 71.05 324.4 —
Se1 189.1±23.4 b 29.6±3.23 a 70.77 1636.1 4.37
Se2 311.3±38.7 a 28.9±3.79 a 71.39 2573.9 3.75

图2

不同施硒量下紫甘薯各器官中的粗蛋白含量同一年份不同处理间标以不同字母的值差异达显著水平(P < 0.05)。"

图3

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根中8种人体必需氨基酸含量不同处理间标以不同字母的值差异达显著水平(P < 0.05)。"

图4

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根中10种人体非必需氨基酸含量不同处理间标以不同字母的值差异达显著水平(P < 0.05)。"

表4

不同施硒量下紫甘薯块根中矿质元素含量"

处理 K Na Ca Mg Fe Mn Zn Cu
CK 7642.3 b 3762.4 b 2970.8 a 1202.1 b 163.47 b 19.09 a 35.03 a 8.56 b
Se1 8184.4 b 3603.7 b 2693.8 b 1147.4 b 180.71 b 17.33 a 36.45 a 9.39 b
Se2 9475.7 a 4014.8 a 2410.0 b 1455.1 a 255.44 a 11.56 b 37.04 a 12.06 a
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