作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1111-1121.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22001
唐文强1,**(
), 张文龙1,**, 朱晓乔1, 董必正1, 李勇成2, 杨楠1, 张耀2, 王云月1,*(
), 韩光煜1,*(
)
TANG Wen-Qiang1,**(
), ZHANG Wen-Long1,**, ZHU Xiao-Qiao1, DONG Bi-Zheng1, LI Yong-Cheng2, YANG Nan1, ZHANG Yao2, WANG Yun-Yue1,*(
), HAN Guang-Yu1,*(
)
摘要:
为了明确水稻多样性混合间栽对稻瘟病防治及根际细菌群落结构和功能的影响, 利用Illumina Hiseq测序技术, 对筛选的高防治效果(E=54.48%)组合(汕优63||黄壳糯)和低防治效果(E=14.12%)组合(合系39||黄壳糯)分别在间栽和净栽下进行水稻根际土壤细菌16S rRNA测序分析。结果表明, 多样性间栽系统中水稻根际共检测到土壤细菌37门116纲244目384科689属, 绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)为主要细菌优势类群, 相对丰度均在15%以上。Alpha多样性分析显示, 高防效组合在间栽条件下可显著提高水稻根际细菌群落香农指数和Chao1指数(P<0.05), 而低防效组合无差异(P>0.05)。ANOSIM及PCoA分析发现, 净栽条件下各品种根际细菌群落结构差异显著(r = 0.48, P<0.01), 间栽后高防效组合和低防效组合根际细菌群落结构无显著差异(P>0.05), 即间栽增加了组配品种间细菌群落结构的相似性。细菌优势类群组成结果表明, 与净栽相比高防效组合中汕优63根际中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度显著降低, 放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)显著上升, 黄壳糯各优势菌门无显著差异; 低防效组合中合系39根际中Patescilbacteria显著下降, 黄壳糯芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)显著上升。PICRUSt2功能预测表明, 间栽系统中主栽品种次生代谢产物的合成相对丰度显著下降, 间栽品种转录、辅酶和维生素的代谢相对丰度显著上升。综上, 高防效组合通过混合间栽, 能改善水稻根际菌群多样性、细菌群落结构及功能, 从而有效降低稻瘟病病害发生, 为利用改良土壤微生物提高植物抗病性提供应用途径和多样性间栽防治病害理论提供数据支撑。
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