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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1300-1311.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31035

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻麦复种模式下氮肥与稻秸互作对小麦产量和N2O排放影响及推荐施肥研究

陆汝华1(), 王文轩2, 曹强1, 田永超1, 朱艳1, 曹卫星1, 刘小军1,*()   

  1. 1南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心 / 智慧农业教育部工程研究中心 / 农业农村部农作物系统分析与决策重点实验室 / 江苏省信息农业重点实验室, 江苏南京 210095
    2人文与社会发展学院, 江苏南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-04 接受日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2024-05-12 网络出版日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘小军, E-mail: liuxj@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396804
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2020101177@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301402);南京农业大学三亚研究院(NAUSY-ZD01);国家自然科学基金项目(32071903)

Research on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and rice straw return on wheat yield and N2O emission and recommended fertilization under rice-wheat rotation pattern

LU Ru-Hua1(), WANG Wen-Xuan2, CAO Qiang1, TIAN Yong-Chao1, ZHU Yan1, CAO Wei-Xing1, LIU Xiao-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University / Engineering and Research Center for Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    2College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-06-04 Accepted:2023-10-23 Published:2024-05-12 Published online:2023-11-30
  • Contact: E-mail: liuxj@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84396804
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301402);Hainan Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSY-ZD01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071903)

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摘要：

优化氮肥施用和秸秆还田技术为途径的农业管理措施被认为是提升农业可持续性的有效手段, 然而当前关于氮肥和秸秆还田对小麦产量和N2O排放影响的研究仍十分有限。为此, 本研究基于2000—2022年发表的关于长江中下游流域氮肥和秸秆投入下小麦产量和N2O排放变化的文献, 运用随机森林建模, 定量分析氮肥和秸秆还田对小麦产量和N2O排放的影响, 并结合情景设置进行了特定地点的小麦产量和N2O排放模拟, 同时评估了碳排放强度(CEE)和净生态系统经济效益(NEEB)。结果表明, 建立的区域尺度小麦产量与N2O排放对氮秸互作响应的随机森林模型, 验证结果R2分别为0.66和0.65, RMSE分别为0.70和1.11。结果表明施氮量和土壤有机质是影响小麦产量和N2O排放的重要因素。综合来看, 达到最大产量所需的氮肥量为208~212 kg hm-2, 达到最小CEE所需的氮肥量为113~130 kg hm-2, 达到最高的NEEB所需的氮肥量为202~205 kg hm-2, 其中在6.75 t hm-2的秸秆投入下施用202 kg hm-2的氮肥可以获得最高的生态收益1.37万元。优化氮肥和秸秆投入具备减少作物碳排放强度并获得最大净生态环境效益的潜力。

关键词: 施氮量, 秸秆投入, 小麦, N2O, 排放模型, 推荐施肥

Abstract:

The optimization of agricultural practices such as nitrogen and straw input may be an effective option for maintaining environmental sustainability. However, previous studies on the effects of nitrogen and straw inputs on wheat growth and N2O emission reduction were limited. Therefore, the present study was based on the literature published from 2000 to 2022 about wheat yield and N2O emissions under different nitrogen and straw inputs amendment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a random forest (RF) model of wheat yield and N2O emission was constructed. And the influence of nitrogen and straw inputs on wheat yield and N2O emissions was quantified. Based on the developed model, wheat yield and N2O emission simulations at the experimental site were carried out in combination with scenario settings, and the carbon emission intensity (CEE) and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) were evaluated. The results were as follow: On the regional scale, an RF model was established for the response of wheat yield and N2O emission to the application of nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning. The verification results were R2 of 0.66 and 0.65, and RMSE of 0.70 and 1.11, respectively. Quantifying the importance of independent variables showed that nitrogen application rate and soil organic matter were essential for yield and N2O models. For nitrogen fertilizer and straw management under different targets, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the highest yield was 208-212 kg hm-2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the minimum CEE was 113-130 kg hm-2, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve the highest NEEB was 202-205 kg hm-2, of which the highest ecological benefit of 13,669.18 CHY could be obtained by applying 202 kg hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer under the straw input of 6.75 t hm-2. Our results indicate that optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and straw inputs has the potential to reduce crop carbon emission intensity and maximize net ecological and environmental benefits.

Key words: nitrogen application rate, straw inputs, wheat, N2O, emission model, fertilizer recommendation

表1

田间管理措施、生态因子与N2O排放量的描述统计"

指标
Indicator		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Mean		 标准偏差
SD		 标准差系数
CV (%)
N rate 0 300 181.89 82.29 45.24
Split N 1 3 2.63 0.50 19.19
Straw rate 0 8.25 1.45 2.40 164.83
pH 5.88 8.09 6.79 0.64 9.43
SOM (g kg-1) 11.00 57.90 20.42 7.78 38.10
TN (g kg-1) 0.51 2.90 1.53 0.46 30.06
LT_Temp (℃) 15.10 19.95 15.96 0.46 2.89
LT_Prec (mm) 750.00 1890.30 1117.32 174.31 15.60
Cum_N2O (kg hm-2) 0.13 7.74 2.42 1.98 81.82

图1

田间管理措施、生态因子与N2O排放量之间的皮尔逊相关性热图 缩写同表1。"

图2

N2O排放和小麦产量模型的训练与验证结果"

图3

各个模型中的特征重要性 a: 一氧化二氮; b: 产量。缩写同表1。"

表2

不同秸秆还田量情景的N2O累积排放和小麦产量模拟模型"

处理
Treatment		 N2O累积排放量Cumulative N2O emissions (kg hm-2) 产量
Yield (t hm-2)
LINEAR EXPONENT
S0 y = 0.0077x+1.0226 y = 1.1281e0.004x y = -0.1111x2+47.077x+1506.0
S2.25 y = 0.0078x+1.1241 y = 1.2180e0.0038x y = -0.1117x2+46.961x+1526.2
S4.50 y = 0.0071x+1.2914 y = 1.3763e0.0033x y = -0.1197x2+49.842x+1489.9
S6.75 y = 0.0069x+1.2907 y = 1.3727e0.0033x y = -0.1205x2+50.221x+1491.4

图4

不同氮肥和秸秆投入下的CEE和NEEB响应 处理同表2。"

表3

不同目标下小麦施氮量和秸秆量投入及其净生态环境效益"

模型
Model		 秸秆量
Straw rate (t hm-2)		 施氮量
N rate (kg hm-2)		 收益
Benefit (CHY)
Yield-max 0 212 12,816.00
2.25 210 12,851.00
4.50 208 13,453.00
6.75 208 13,657.88
CEE-LINEAR 0 113 10,702.22
2.25 116 10,934.81
4.50 129 12,029.94
6.75 130 12,255.24
CEE-EXPONENT 0 114 10,750.49
2.25 117 10,981.24
4.50 127 11,951.29
6.75 127 12,135.69
NEEB-LINEAR 0 205 12,829.70
2.25 203 12,863.29
4.50 201 13,464.20
6.75 202 13,669.00
NEEB-EXPONENT 0 205 12,830.40
2.25 203 12,864.52
4.50 201 13,464.99
6.75 202 13,669.18
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