作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 2014-2024.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41004
延飞龙1(), 张振1, 赵俊晔2,*(), 石玉1, 于振文1
YAN Fei-Long1(), ZHANG Zhen1, ZHAO Jun-Ye2,*(), SHI Yu1, YU Zhen-Wen1
摘要:
为明确宽幅精播条件下冬小麦高产高效的适宜施氮量, 于2020—2022年在山东省兖州小麦试验站进行田间试验, 供试品种为济麦22。在宽幅精播条件下, 设置5个处理, 分别为不施氮(N0)、施氮150 kg hm-2 (N1)、180 kg hm-2 (N2)、210 kg hm-2 (N3)、240 kg hm-2 (N4), 研究施氮量对冬小麦耗水特性、旗叶衰老特性、荧光特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明, N2处理显著增加了60~120 cm土层土壤水分的吸收利用, 与N3和N4处理相比, N2处理有效减少了开花前无效分蘖的水分消耗, 降低了总耗水量。N2处理开花后日耗水量高, 显著增加了旗叶抗氧化酶活性, 其开花后14~28 d旗叶荧光参数显著高于其他处理。N2和N3处理籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理, 但N2处理氮肥农学效率最高, 较N1、N3、N4处理分别高6.88%、10.60%、45.37% (2020—2021年)和7.03%、13.56%、43.71% (2021—2022年)。综上所述, 施氮180 kg hm-2处理可提高冬小麦对深层土壤水分的吸收利用, 增加开花至成熟期阶段耗水量, 延缓旗叶衰老, 提高籽粒产量与水氮利用效率, 是本试验条件下的最优处理。
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