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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2652-2662.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51024

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦骨干亲本鲁麦14系谱分析

史晓磊1(), 孙旭生2(), 潘国庆1, 邱丽华1, 戎鑫愉1, 赵春华1, 吴永振1, 孙晗1, 秦冉1,*(), 崔法1,*()   

  1. 1鲁东大学园艺学院 / 烟台市作物高产抗逆分子育种及高效栽培重点实验室, 山东烟台 264025
    2烟台市农业技术推广中心, 山东烟台 264000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-15
  • 通讯作者: *崔法, E-mail: sdaucf@126.com;秦冉, E-mail: ranqin89@163.com
  • 作者简介:史晓磊, E-mail: 1092340738@qq.com;
    孙旭生, E-mail: sunxusheng@yt.shandong.cn
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    泰山学者项目(20230119);烟台市科技计划项目(2023ZDCX023);山东省重点研发计划项目(2024LZGCQY012);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022LZG002-2);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MC119)

Pedigree analysis of the wheat backbone parent Lumai 14

SHI Xiao-Lei1(), SUN Xu-Sheng2(), PAN Guo-Qing1, QIU Li-Hua1, RONG Xin-Yu1, ZHAO Chun-Hua1, WU Yong-Zhen1, SUN Han1, QIN Ran1,*(), CUI Fa1,*()   

  1. 1School of Horticulture, Ludong University / Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and Efficient Cultivation for High Yield and Stress Resistance of Crops, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
    2Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-03-01 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: sdaucf@126.com;E-mail: ranqin89@163.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Taishan Scholars Program(20230119);Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project(2023ZDCX023);Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2024LZGCQY012);Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2022LZG002-2);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022MC119)

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摘要： 小麦作为我国主要粮食作物, 其良种选育对保障粮食安全至关重要。鲁麦14作为黄淮麦区代表性品种, 兼具高产、稳产及多抗性等优良特性, 不仅在生产中发挥了重要作用, 更成为关键的骨干亲本。本研究系统梳理了鲁麦14及其438个衍生品种的系谱信息, 通过构建系谱网络, 揭示了从早期骨干亲本蚰子麦到鲁麦14的遗传传递路径, 分析了不同年代及地域的衍生品种分布特征。结果表明, 自1991年以来, 鲁麦14衍生品种数量达到438个, 其中子三代品种数量达285个; 特别是近5年, 其衍生品种的数量达264个, 其中济麦22育成品种数量达到半数以上, 贡献突出, 说明鲁麦14和济麦22与其早期亲代蚰子麦、蚰包麦一样发挥着骨干亲本的作用, 是我国重要的种质资源; 鲁麦14衍生品种主要集中在黄淮麦区北部的山东省、河北省等地区。对近5年的衍生情况进一步分析, 发现骨干亲本重复集中利用问题更加突出。利用小麦55K SNP芯片对20份鲁麦14衍生品种及9份鲁麦13衍生品种进行遗传多样性分析发现, 29份品种之间的遗传相似系数在0.87~0.99之间, 品种间同质化程度较高, 今后应高度重视我国小麦遗传多样性变窄的问题, 加强种质资源创新相关研究。

关键词: 小麦, 品种, 鲁麦14, 骨干亲本, 系谱分析

Abstract:

As a staple food crop in China, wheat plays a vital role in national food security, and the development of elite cultivars is of paramount importance. Lumai 14, a representative variety in the Huang-Huai wheat region, exhibits superior traits such as high yield, stability, and resistance to multiple diseases. These attributes have made it not only a key cultivar in production but also an important backbone parent in breeding programs. In this study, we systematically analyzed the pedigree of Lumai 14 and its 438 derived varieties, constructing a pedigree network to trace the genetic lineage from the early foundational parent Youzimai to Lumai 14. We also examined the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of its derived varieties. The results showed that since 1991, Lumai 14 has contributed to the development of 438 derived lines, including 285 third-generation varieties. Notably, in the past five years alone, 264 new varieties have been developed, with over half derived from Jimai 22, highlighting its substantial breeding influence. These findings indicate that both Lumai 14 and Jimai 22, like their ancestral parents Youzimai and Youbaomai, continue to serve as critical backbone parents and valuable germplasm resources in China. The majority of Lumai 14-derived varieties are concentrated in Shandong and Hebei provinces, located in the northern Huang-Huai wheat region. Further analysis of breeding trends over the past five years revealed an increasing issue of repetitive and concentrated use of backbone parents. Genetic diversity analysis of 20 Lumai 14-derived and 9 Lumai 13-derived varieties using the wheat 55K SNP chip showed that the genetic similarity coefficients among these 29 varieties ranged from 0.87 to 0.99, indicating a high level of genetic homogenization. Moving forward, greater attention should be given to the narrowing genetic base of wheat in China, and efforts to innovate and expand germplasm resources should be strengthened.

Key words: wheat, variety, Lumai 14, backbone parents, pedigree analysis

图1

鲁麦14系谱图 紫色节点代表鲁麦14重要亲本来源; 蓝色节点代表鲁麦14子一代品种; 橙色节点代表鲁麦14子二代品种; 绿色节点代表鲁麦14子三代品种; 黑色节点代表鲁麦14子四代品种; 白色节点代表鲁麦14子五代品种。"

图2

各时期鲁麦14衍生小麦品种数目"

图3

鲁麦14衍生品种地域分布"

图4

近5年鲁麦14衍生品种不同世代数量"

图5

近5年鲁麦14衍生品种系谱网络关系图 绿色节点代表近5年鲁麦14衍生的品种。"

图6

近5年鲁麦14衍生品种地域分布"

表1

各时期和省份济麦22衍生品种数目"

区域 Region 2011-2020 2021-2024 总计Total
安徽 Anhui 5 16 21
北京 Beijing 1 1 2
甘肃 Gansu 2 0 2
河北 Hebei 19 38 57
河南 Henan 6 7 13
江苏 Jiangsu 2 0 2
山东 Shandong 25 52 77
山西 Shanxi 5 5 10
天津 Tianjin 1 1 2
全国 Nationwide 66 120 186

图7

济麦22系谱图 绿色节点代表济麦22子一代品种; 蓝色节点代表济麦22子二代品种; 紫色节点代表济麦22子三代品种。"

表2

20份鲁麦14衍生品种系谱信息"

序号
No.		 品种
Variety		 系谱
Pedigree		 审/认定年份
Approved/identified year
1 良星99 Liangxing 99 济91102/鲁麦14//PH85-16 Ji 91102/Lumai 14//PH85-16 2004
2 济麦22 Jimai 22 935024/935106 2006
3 淄麦29 Zimai 29 泰农18/烟5072 Tainong 18/Yan 5072 2018
4 泰科麦31 Taikemai 31 泰山26/淮麦20 Taishan 26/Huaimai 20 2018
5 登海206 Denghai 206 济麦22/周麦20 Jimai 22/Zhoumai 20 2019
6 石麦25 Shimai 25 济麦22/金禾9123 Jimai 22/Jinhe 9123 2016
7 烟1212 Yan 1212 烟5072/石94-5300 Yan 5072/Shi 94-5300 2018
8 鑫麦289 Xinmai 289 935031/鲁麦14 935031/Lumai 14 2009
9 烟农173 Yannong 173 济麦22/烟2415 Jimai 22/Yan 2415 2016
10 青农6号 Qingnong 6 济麦20/烟农19 Jimai 20/Yannong 19 2019
11 济麦23 Jimai 23 豫麦34/济麦22 Yumai 34/Jimai 22 2016
12 泰山22 Taishan 22 鲁麦18/鲁麦14 Lumai 18/Lumai 14 2004
13 烟农22 Yannong 22 鲁麦14//尉132/87初20 Lumai 14//Wei 132/87 Chu 20 2002
14 烟农999 Yannong 999 烟航选2号/临9511//烟BLU14-15 Yanhangxuan 2/Lin 9511//Yan BLU14-15 2016
15 山农17 Shannong 17 L156 /莱州137 L156/Laizhou 137 2009
16 泰农19 Tainong 19 莱州137/济南17 Laizhou 137/Jinan 17 2011
18 济麦37 Jimai 37 济麦22/泰农18 Jimai 22/Tainong 18 2024
19 中麦23 Zhongmai 23 济麦22/淮9701 Jimai 22/Huai 9701 2019
20 淮麦22 Huaimai 22 淮麦18/扬麦158 Huaimai 18/Yangmai 158 2007

表3

9份鲁麦13衍生品种系谱信息"

序号
No.		 品种
Variety		 系谱
Pedigree		 审/认定年份
Approved/identified year
1 鑫麦296 Xinmai 296 935031/鲁麦23 935031/Lumai 23 2013
2 良星66 Liangxing 66 济91102/935031 Ji 91102/935031 2008
3 山农15 Shannong 15 济南17号/济核916 Jinan 17/Jihe 916 2006
4 鲁原502 Luyuan 502 9940168/济麦19 9940168/Jimai 19 2016
5 鲁原202 Luyuan 202 济麦19/鲁原130 Jimai 19/Luyuan 130 2006
6 济南17 Jinan 17 临汾5064/鲁麦13 Linfen 5064/Lumai 13 1999
7 汶农5号 Wennong 5 鲁麦21/泰山5号 Lumai 21/Taishan 5 2003
8 新麦26 Xinmai 26 新麦9408/济南17 Xinmai 9408/Jinan 17 2010
9 菏麦17 Hemai 17 95-12/烟886059 95-12/Yan 886059 2011

图8

骨干亲本衍生品种的UPGMA聚类图"

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