全基因组关联分析定位与挖掘小麦氮高效基因

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41086

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 1801-1813.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41086

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

全基因组关联分析定位与挖掘小麦氮高效基因

赵超男¹(), 王金凤¹, 张玉¹, 张丽¹, 李瑞琦¹, 王鹏飞¹, 李鸽子¹, 张宏军², 虞波¹^,^*(), 康国章¹^,^*()

¹河南农业大学 / 国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 河南郑州 450046
²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 作物分子育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-12-03 接受日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-07-12 网络出版日期:2025-05-13
通讯作者: *虞波, E-mail: yubo@henau.edu.cn; 康国章, E-mail: guozhangkang@henau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: zhaocn@stu.henau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32401739);神农种业实验室“一流课题”项目(SN01-2022-01)

Genome-wide association study for the identification and characterization of nitrogen efficiency-related genes in wheat

ZHAO Chao-Nan¹(), WANG Jin-Feng¹, ZHANG Yu¹, ZHANG Li¹, LI Rui-Qi¹, WANG Peng-Fei¹, LI Ge-Zi¹, ZHANG Hong-Jun², YU Bo¹^,^*(), KANG Guo-Zhang¹^,^*()

¹Henan Agricultural University / National Wheat Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
²Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-12-03 Accepted:2025-04-27 Published:2025-07-12 Published online:2025-05-13
Contact: *E-mail: yubo@henau.edu.cn; E-mail: guozhangkang@henau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401739);Shennong Seed Industry Laboratory “First-class Project”(SN01-2022-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

挖掘小麦氮高效的种质和基因资源, 揭示其分子机制和遗传效应, 是当前小麦氮效率研究的重要内容和目标。本研究以255份不同小麦品种组成的自然群体为试验材料, 对每个品种1叶1心幼苗分别进行低氮(low nitrogen, LN, 0.05 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-)和充足供氮(sufficient nitrogen, SN, 1.00 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-) 2个水培条件处理, 培养28 d后, 在低氮和充足供氮处理下测定17个表型指标, 通过对55K SNP芯片进行质控过滤筛选出38,215个高质量单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNPs)位点,结合FarmCPU、MLM以及MLM+Q+K模型进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)。该群体在LN和SN水平下17个表型指标比值(LS, LN/SN)的频率分布均呈正态分布, 对17个LS指标进行全基因组关联分析, 共检测到1161个显著位点(P≤0.001), 发现有103个标记至少在2个模型中同时被检测到, 有8个SNP至少关联了4个性状, 其中AX-110548993 (3B)和AX-111802919 (4D)为新位点。2个新位点上下游5 Mb范围区间内含有267个候选基因, 其中位于4D染色体上的SNP AX-111802919包括3个直接参与或调控氮吸收转运的候选基因: TraesCS4D02G361500编码硝酸盐转运蛋白(NRT1.1), TraesCS4D02G362100编码锌指蛋白CONSTANS-LIKE 1, TraesCS4D02G362800编码1个GATA转录因子蛋白。

关键词: 小麦, 氮效率, 全基因组关联分析, 候选基因, 挖掘

Abstract:

To explore wheat germ plasm and genetic resources associated with high nitrogen use efficiency, and to elucidate their molecular mechanisms and genetic effects, are key objectives of current research on nitrogen efficiency in wheat. In this study, a natural population comprising 255 wheat varieties was used as experimental material. Seedlings at the one-leaf stage were subjected to hydroponic treatments under low nitrogen (LN, 0.05 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-) and sufficient nitrogen (SN, 1.00 mmol L^-1 NO₃^-) conditions. After 28 days, seventeen phenotypic traits were measured under both nitrogen treatments. A total of 38,215 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were obtained through quality control filtering of the 55K SNP chip data. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using the FarmCPU, MLM, and MLM+Q+K models. The distribution of LN/SN ratios for the 17 traits (denoted as LS) followed a normal distribution across the population. GWAS identified 1161 significant loci (P ≤ 0.001) associated with the 17 LS traits, of which 103 SNPs were detected in at least two models. Notably, eight SNPs were associated with at least four traits, and two novel loci—AX-110548993 (on chromosome 3B) and AX-111802919 (on chromosome 4D)—were identified. Within a 5 Mb window upstream and downstream of these novel SNPs, 267 candidate genes were predicted. Specifically, SNP AX-111802919 on chromosome 4D includes three candidate genes directly involved in or regulating nitrogen uptake and transport: TraesCS4D02G361500, TraesCS4D02G362100, and TraesCS4D02G362800, which encode a nitrate transporter (NRT1.1), a zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 1, and a GATA transcription factor, respectively.

Key words: Triticum aestivum L., nitrogen efficiency, genome-wide association study, candidate gene, mining

赵超男, 王金凤, 张玉, 张丽, 李瑞琦, 王鹏飞, 李鸽子, 张宏军, 虞波, 康国章. 全基因组关联分析定位与挖掘小麦氮高效基因[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1801-1813.

ZHAO Chao-Nan, WANG Jin-Feng, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Li, LI Rui-Qi, WANG Peng-Fei, LI Ge-Zi, ZHANG Hong-Jun, YU Bo, KANG Guo-Zhang. Genome-wide association study for the identification and characterization of nitrogen efficiency-related genes in wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1801-1813.

图/表 12

附表1

255份小麦供试品种信息"

名称 Name	选育单位 Breeding unit	审定时间 Approval time	来源 Sources
皖麦38 Wanmai 38	安徽省宿州市农业科学院Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1997	中国安徽 Anhui, China
皖麦19 Wanmai 19	安徽省宿州市农业科学院Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1994	中国安徽 Anhui, China
皖麦50 Wanmai 50	安徽省宿州市农业科学院Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国安徽 Anhui, China
皖麦53 Wanmai 53	安徽省宿州市农业科学院 Anhui Academy of Agricultural sciences	2005	中国安徽 Anhui, China
皖麦52 Wanmai 52	安徽省宿州市种子公司Suzhou Seed Company in Anhui province	2004	中国安徽 Anhui, China
华成3366 Huacheng 3366	安徽省宿州市种子公司 Suzhou Seed Company in Anhui province	2013	中国安徽 Anhui, China
京411 Jing 411	北京市种子管理站Beijing Seed Management Station	1993	中国北京 Beijing, China
京9428 Jing 9428	北京市种子管理站Beijing Seed Management Station	2000	中国北京 Beijing, China
京冬12 Jingdong 12	北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心 Beijing Hybrid wheat Engineering Technology Research Center	2004	中国北京 Beijing, China
京冬17 Jingdong 17	北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心 Beijing Hybrid wheat Engineering Technology Research Center	2007	中国北京 Beijing, China
京冬22 Jingdong 22	北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心 Beijing Hybrid wheat Engineering Technology Research Center	2007	中国北京 Beijing, China
京花9号 Jinghua 9	北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心 Beijing Hybrid wheat Engineering Technology Research Center	2007	中国北京 Beijing, China
科农199 Kenong 199	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences	2006	中国北京 Beijing, China
中育6号 Zhongyu 6	中国农业科学院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2001	中国北京 Beijing, China
京冬8 Jingdong 8	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1996	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选103 Lunxuan 103	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2015	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选61 Lunxuan 61	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2009	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选66 Lunxuan 66	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2018	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选987 Lunxuan 987	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2003	中国北京 Beijing, China
中麦175 Zhongmai 175	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2012	中国北京 Beijing, China
中麦415 Zhongmai 415	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2010	中国北京 Beijing, China
中麦9号 Zhongmai 9	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1998	中国北京 Beijing, China
中麦8号 Zhongmai 8	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2016	中国北京 Beijing, China
中麦895 Zhongmai 895	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2012	中国北京 Beijing, China
保麦10 Baomai 10	保定市农业科学研究所 Baoding Agricultural Science Research Institute	2008	中国河北 Hebei, China
河农326 Henong 326	河北农业大学 Hebei Agricultural University	1997	中国河北 Hebei, China
河农6049 Henong 6049	河北农业大学 Hebei Agricultural University	2009	中国河北 Hebei, China
河农822 Henong 822	河北农业大学 Hebei Agricultural University	2004	中国河北 Hebei, China
藁2018 Gao 2018	河北省藁城市农业科学研究所 Agricultural Science Research Institute of Gaocheng, Hebei Province	2008	中国河北 Hebei, China
藁城8901 Gao 8901	河北省藁城市农业科学研究所 Agricultural Science Research Institute of Gaocheng, Hebei Province	1995	中国河北 Hebei, China
藁城9415 Gao 9415	河北省藁城市农业科学研究所 Agricultural Science Research Institute of Gaocheng, Hebei Province	2003	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯4564 Han 4564	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2006	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯4589 Han 4589	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2001	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯5316 Han 5316	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2000	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯6172 Han 6172	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2003	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯麦11 Hanmai 11	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2007	中国河北 Hebei, China
邯麦13 Hanmai 13	河北省邯郸市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Handan, Hebei Province	2009	中国河北 Hebei, China
新冬20号 Xindong 20	河北省农林科学院Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry	1995	中国河北 Hebei, China
衡4399 Heng 4399	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Institute of Dry Farming, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Hebei Province	2008	中国河北 Hebei, China
衡5229 Heng 5229	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Institute of Dry Farming, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Hebei Province	2004	中国河北 Hebei, China
冀5265 Ji 5265	河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 Institute of Cereal and Oil crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2009	中国河北 Hebei, China
金禾9123 Jinhe 9123	河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所 Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2012	中国河北 Hebei, China
冀麦26 Jimai 26	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	1991	中国河北 Hebei, China
冀麦30Jimai 30	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	1992	中国河北 Hebei, China
冀麦38 Jimai 38	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	1996	中国河北 Hebei, China
石4185 Shi 4185	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	1997	中国河北 Hebei, China
石7221 Shi 7221	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	2005	中国河北 Hebei, China
石家庄8号 Shijiazhuang 8	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	2001	中国河北 Hebei, China
石麦14号 Shimai 14	河北省石家庄市农业科学研究院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province	2004	中国河北 Hebei, China
邢麦4号 Xingmai 4	河北省邢台市农业科学院 Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Xingtai, Hebei Province	2007	中国河北 Hebei, China
师栾02-1 Shiluan 02-1	河北师范大学Hebei Normal University	2007	中国河北 Hebei, China
石麦15号Shimai 15	石家庄市农林科学研究院 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2009	中国河北 Hebei, China
石优20 Shiyou 20	石家庄市农林科学研究院 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2011	中国河北 Hebei, China
石新733 Shixin 733	石家庄市小麦新品种新技术研究所 Shijiazhuang Wheat New Varieties New Technology Institute	2001	中国河北 Hebei, China
石新828 Shixin 828	石家庄市小麦新品种新技术研究所 Shijiazhuang Wheat New Varieties New Technology Institute	2013	中国河北 Hebei, China
高优503 Gaoyou 503	中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所 Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Chinese Academy of Sciences	2001	中国河北 Hebei, China
农大3432 Nongda 3432	中国农大农学与生物技术学院 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University	2005	中国河北 Hebei, China
衡观35 Hengguan 35	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Institute of dry farming, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Hebei Province	2004	中国河北 Hebei, China
怀川916 Huaichuan 916	河南怀川种业有限责任公司 Henan Huaichuan Seed Industry Limited Liability Company	2001	中国河南 Henan, China
豫教5号 Yujiao 5	河南教育学院 Henan Institute of Education	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
金丰3号 Jinfeng 3	河南科技大学农学院 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
百农160 Bainong 160	河南科技学院 Henan University of Science and Technology	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦52号 Yumai 52	河南农业大学 Henan Agricultural University	1998	中国河南 Henan, China
豫农202 Yunong 202	河南农业大学 Henan Agricultural University	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
豫农416 Yunong 416	河南农业大学 Henan Agricultural University	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
豫农949 Yunong 949	河南农业大学 Henan Agricultural University	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
豫农982 Yunong 982	河南农业大学 Henan Agricultural University	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
平安8号 Pingan 8	河南平安种业有限公司 Henan Pingan Seed Industry Limited Company	2012	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198	河南平安种业有限公司 Henan Pingan Seed Industry Limited Company	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
百3217 Bai 3217	河南省百泉农校 Henan Province Baiquan Agricultural School	1984	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦2号 Yumai 2	河南省宝丰县农业科学研究所 Agricultural Science Institute of Baofeng County, Henan Province	1984	中国河南 Henan, China
博农7023 Bonong 7023	河南省博爱农场 Boai farm in Henan Province	1981	中国河南 Henan, China
泛麦5号 Fanmai 5	河南省地神种业农业科学研究院 Henan Province Dishen Seed Industry Agricultural Science Research Institute	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
泛麦8号 Fanmai 8	河南省地神种业农业科学研究院 Henan Province Dishen Seed Industry Agricultural Science Research Institute	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
富麦2008 Fumai 2008	河南省科学院同位素研究所 Institute of Isotopes, Henan Academy of Sciences	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
漯麦4号 Luomai 4	河南省漯河市农业科学院 Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
漯麦8号 Luomai 8	河南省漯河市农业科学院 Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦70-36 Yumai 70-36	河南省内乡县农业科学研究所 Henan Neixiang County agricultural science research Institute	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦70号 Yumai 70	河南省内乡县农业科学研究所 Henan Neixiang County Agricultural Science Research Institute	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦002 Zhengmai 002	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦13号 Yumai 13	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1993	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦29号 Yumai 29	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2014	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦47号 Yumai 47	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1997	中国河南 Henan, China
郑丰9962 Zhengfeng 9962	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦004 Zhengmai 004	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦7698 Zhengmai 7698	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2012	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2001	中国河南 Henan, China
郑麦9962 Zhengmai 9962	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
花培3号 Huapei 3	河南省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Biotechnology Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
花培5号 Huapei 5	河南省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Biotechnology Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
花培8号 Huapei 8	河南省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Biotechnology Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
豫保1号 Yubao 1	河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
濮麦9号 Pumai 9	河南省濮阳农业科学研究所 Henan Puyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
丰德存麦1号Fengdecunmai 1	河南省天存小麦改良技术研究所 Henan Tiancun Wheat improvement Technology Research Institute	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
众麦2号 Zhongmai 2	河南省天宁种业有限公司 Heinan Tianning Seed Industry Limited Company	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
温9519 Wen 9519	河南省温县农科所 Wenxian Agricultural Science Institute of Henan Province	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
温9629 Wen 9629	河南省温县农科所 Wenxian Agricultural Science Institute of Henan Province	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦49号 Yumai 49	河南省温县祥云镇农技站 Henan province Wenxian Xiangyun town agricultural technology station	2000	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦58号 Yumai 58	河南省温县种子公司 Henan Wenxian seed company	2001	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦54号 Yumai 54	河南省新乡百泉技术师院小麦育种中心 Henan Province Xinxiang Baiquan Technical Teachers Institute Wheat Breeding Center	1998	中国河南 Henan, China
百泉3039 Baiquan 3039	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	1981	中国河南 Henan, China
新麦11 Xinmai 11	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2001	中国河南 Henan, China
新麦18 Xinmai 18	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
新麦19 Xinmai 19	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
新麦21 Xinmai 21	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
新麦9号 Xinmai 9	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2000	中国河南 Henan, China
许科1号 Xuke 1	河南省许科种业有限公司 Heinan Xuke Seed Industry Limited Company	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
许科316 Xuke 316	河南省许科种业有限公司 Heinan Xuke Seed Industry Limited Company	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
许科718 Xuke 718	河南省许科种业有限公司 Heinan Xuke Seed Industry Limited Company	2012	中国河南 Henan, China
偃高1号 Yangao 1	河南省偃师市高龙镇农技站 Henan Yanshi City Gaolong Town Agricultural Technology Station	2002	中国河南 Henan, China
亿麦6号 Yimai 6	河南省亿源种业有限公司 Heinan Yiyuan Seed Industry Limited Company	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦10号 Yumai 10	河南省豫西农业专科学校 Henan Yuxi Agricultural College	1991	中国河南 Henan, China
偃展1号 Yanzhan 1	河南省豫西农作物品种展览中心 Henan Yuxi Crop Variety Exhibition Center	2000	中国河南 Henan, China
偃展4110 Yanzhan 4110	河南省豫西农作物品种展览中心 Henan Yuxi crop Variety Exhibition Center	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦18号 Yumai 18	河南省豫西农作物品种展览中心 Henan Yuxi Crop Variety Exhibition Center	1995	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦21号 Yumai 21	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	1994	中国河南 Henan, China
周8425B Zhou 8425B	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	1988	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦11 Zhoumai 11	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	1998	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦16 Zhoumai 16	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦17 Zhoumai 17	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦18 Zhoumai 18	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦19 Zhoumai 19	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦20 Zhoumai 20	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦22 Zhoumai 22	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦23 Zhoumai 23	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦24 Zhoumai 24	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦25 Zhoumai 25	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦26 Zhoumai 26	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2012	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦27 Zhoumai 27	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
周麦32 Zhoumai 32	河南省周口市农业科学院 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province	2018	中国河南 Henan, China
众麦1号 Zhongmai 1	河南睢县农业科学研究所 Henan Suixian Agricultural Science Research Institute	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
天民198 Tianmin 198	河南天民种业有限公司 Henan Tianmin Seed Industry Limited Company	2014	中国河南 Henan, China
开麦18号 Kaimai 18	开封市农林科学研究院 Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
开麦20号 Kaimai 20	开封市农林科学研究院 Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
开麦21号 Kaimai 21	开封市农林科学研究院 Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
洛旱11 Luohan 11	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
洛旱2号 Luohan 2	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
洛旱6号 Luohan 6	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
洛麦21 Luomai 21	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
洛麦22 Luomai 22	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
洛麦23 Luomai 23	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
洛麦24 Luomai 24	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2013	中国河南 Henan, China
洛麦26 Luomai 26	洛阳市农林科学院 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	2018	中国河南 Henan, China
太学7号 Taixue 7	洛阳太学农作物研究所 Luoyang Taixue Crop Research Institute	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
南阳75-6 Nanyang 75-6	南阳农业科学院 Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1976	中国河南 Henan, China
平麦998 Pingmai 998	平顶山市农业科学院 Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
汝州0319 Ruzhou 0319	汝州市农业科学研究所 Ruzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
舜麦1718 Shunmai 1718	山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2011	中国河南 Henan, China
丰舞981 Fengwu 981	舞阳县种子公司 Wuyang County seed company	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
矮丰3号 Aifeng 3	西北农林科技大学Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University	1979	中国河南 Henan, China
丰产3号 Fengchan 3	西北农林科技大学 Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University	1964	中国河南 Henan, China
小偃22 Xiaoyan 22	西北农林科技大学 Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University	2003	中国河南 Henan, China
众麦998 Zhongmai 998	新安县科协郭根 Xin’an County Science and Technology Association Guo Gen	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
新原958 Xinyuan 958	新乡县原种一场 Xinxiang County Original Plant a Field	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦7号Yumai 7	偃师县农科所 Yanshi County Agricultural Science Institute	1985	中国河南 Henan, China
郑农16 Zhengnong 16	郑州市农林科学研究所 Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
郑农17 Zhengnong 17	郑州市农林科学研究所 Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
豫麦34号 Yumai 34	郑州市农林科学研究所 Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science	1998	中国河南 Henan, China
郑育麦9987 Zhengyumai 9987	郑州市友邦农作物新品种研究所 Zhengzhou Youbang Institute of New crop varieties	2009	中国河南 Henan, China
小偃81 Xiaoyan 81	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences	2005	中国河南 Henan, China
中育10号 Zhongyu 10	中国农业科学院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2007	中国河南 Henan, China
04中36 04 Zhong 36	中国农业科学院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2006	中国河南 Henan, China
中育12号 Zhongyu 12	中国农业科学院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2008	中国河南 Henan, China
中育9号 Zhongyu 9	中国农业科学院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
中麦875 Zhongmai 875	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2014	中国河南 Henan, China
中育9398 Zhongyu 9398	中棉种业科技股份有限公司 China Cotton Seed Technology Stock Limited Company	2012	中国河南 Henan, China
驻麦4号 Zhumai 4	驻马店市农业科学院 Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国河南 Henan, China
垦九10号 Kenjiu 10	黑龙江省农垦总局九三科学研究所 Heilongjiang Province General Bureau of Land Reclamation 93 Scientific Research Institute	2003	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China
新克旱9 Xinkehan 9	黑龙江省农业科学院(克山分院) Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Keshan Branch)	1988	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China
保麦2号 Baomai 2	江苏保丰集团公司 Jiangsu Baofeng Group Company	2012	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
扬麦12号 Yangmai 12	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Research Institute	2001	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
扬麦15号 Yangmai 15	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Research Institute	2005	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
扬麦16号 Yangmai 16	江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Research Institute	2004	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦18号 Huaimai 18	江苏省淮阴市农业科学研究所 Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province	2001	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
连麦2号 Lianmai 2	江苏省连云港市农业科学院 Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province	2005	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
宁麦13 Ningmai 13	江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 Food Crop Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2006	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
徐州24 Xuzhou 24	江苏省徐州市农业科学院Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province	1994	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
徐州25 Xuzhou 25	江苏省徐州市农业科学院 Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province	2000	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦20号 Huaimai 20	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2002	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦21号 Huaimai 21	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2008	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦22号 Huaimai 22	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2007	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦28号 Huaimai 28	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2009	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
淮麦29号 Huaimai 29	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2009	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
徐麦30 Xumai 30	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2007	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
徐麦856 Xumai 856	江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural science research Institute	2006	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
92R137	南京农业大学 Nanjing Agricultural University	1998	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
宁春4 Ningchun 4	宁夏永宁县良种繁殖场 Yongning county, Ningxia improved seed breeding farm	1981	中国宁夏 Ningxia, China
良星99 Liangxing 99	山东德州市良星种子研究所 Shandong Dezhou Liangxing seed Research Institute	2006	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁麦15号 Lumai 15	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University	1996	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁垦麦9号 Lukenmai 9	山东仁和种业有限责任公司 Shandong Renhe seed industry limited liability company	2010	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁原502 Luyuan 502	山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所 Atomic Energy Agricultural Application Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2001	中国山东 Shandong, China
山农20 Shannong 20	山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所 Atomic Energy Agricultural Application Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2011	中国山东 Shandong, China
济麦19 Jimai 19	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2003	中国山东 Shandong, China
济麦20 Jimai 20	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国山东Shandong, China
济麦21 Jimai 21	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2004	中国山东 Shandong, China
济麦22 Jimai 22	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2006	中国山东 Shandong, China
济南13 Jinan 13	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1990	中国山东 Shandong, China
济南16 Jinan 16	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1998	中国山东 Shandong, China
济南17 Jinan 17	山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1999	中国山东 Shandong, China
泰山21号 Taishan 21	山东省泰安市农业科学研究院 Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2003	中国山东 Shandong, China
泰山23号 Taishan 23	山东省泰安市农业科学研究院 Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2004	中国山东 Shandong, China
郯麦98 Tanmai 98	山东省郯城县种子公司 Tancheng County seed company, Shandong province	2009	中国山东Shandong, China
鲁麦21号 Lumai 21	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	1996	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁麦14号 Lumai 14	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	1990	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁麦7号 Lumai 7	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	1984	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟辐188 Yanfu 188	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2002	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟农15号 Yannong 15	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	1982	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟农19号 Yannong 19	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2001	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟农21号 Yannong 21	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2004	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟农836 Yannong 836	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2010	中国山东 Shandong, China
烟农999 Yannong 999	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	2016	中国山东 Shandong, China
蚰包麦 Youbaomai	山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province	1972	中国山东 Shandong, China
洲元9369 Zhouyuan 9369	山东洲元种业股份有限公司 Shandong Zhouyuan Seed Industry Stock Limited Company	2007	中国山东 Shandong, China
鲁麦23号 Lumai 23	胜利油田滨南马坊农场 Shengli oil field Binnan Ma Fang farm	1996	中国山东 Shandong, China
泰农18 Tainong 18	泰安市泰山区瑞丰作物育种研究所 Ruifeng Crop Breeding Institute, Taishan District, Tai’an City	2008	中国山东 Shandong, China
汶农14 Wennong 14	泰安市汶农种业有限责任公司 Tai’an Wennong seed industry limited liability company	2011	中国山东 Shandong, China
淄麦12号 Zimai 12	淄博市农业科学研究院 Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2001	中国山东 Shandong, China
晋麦47 Jinmai 47	山西省农科院棉花研究所 Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1995	中国山西 Shanxi, China
尧麦16 Yaomai 16	山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2011	中国山西 Shanxi, China
陕229 Shaan 229	陕西省农业科学院 Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1996	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China
西安8号 Xi′an 8	陕西省西安市农业科学所 Xi’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shaanxi Province	1985	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China
西农979 Xinong 979	西北农林科技大学 Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University	2005	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China
小偃54 Xiaoyan 54	西北农林科技大学 Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University	2000	中国陕西 Shaanxi, China
绵农4号 Miannong 4	绵阳经济专科学校 Mianyang Economics College	1993	中国四川 Sichuan, China
绵阳11号 Mianyang 11	绵阳市农业科学研究院 Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1994	中国四川 Sichuan, China
绵阳19号 Mianyang 19	绵阳市农业科学研究院 Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1991	中国四川 Sichuan, China
绵阳20号 Mianyang 20	绵阳市农业科学研究院 Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1990	中国四川 Sichuan, China
绵阳26号 Mianyang 26	绵阳市农业科学研究院 Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1998	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川农16号 Chuannong 16	四川农业大学 Sichuan Agricultural University	2003	中国四川 Sichuan, China
繁6 Fan 6	四川农业大学 Sichuan Agricultural University	1978	中国四川 Sichuan, China
内麦8号 Neimai 8	四川省内江市农业科学院 Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Province	2003	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦107 Chuanmai 107	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2000	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦22 Chuanmai 22	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1989	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦24 Chuanmai 24	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1994	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦28 Chuanmai 28	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	1997	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦42 Chuanmai 42	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2003	中国四川 Sichuan, China
川麦46 Chuanmai 46	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2005	中国四川Sichuan, China
川麦47 Chuanmai 47	四川省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	2005	中国四川Sichuan, China
良星66 Liangxing 66	山东良星种业有限公司 Shandong Liangxing Seed Industry Limited Company	2008	中国天津 Tianjin, China
阿勃 Abo	西藏自治区农业科学研究所 Tibet Autonomous Region Institute of Agricultural Sciences	1985	中国西藏 Xizang, China
扬麦13号 Yangmai 13	江苏省里下河地区农业科学研究所 Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Research Institute, Jiangsu Province	2002	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
扬麦158 Yangmai 158	江苏省里下河地区农业科学研究所 Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Research Institute, Jiangsu Province	1997	中国江苏 Jiangsu, China
轮选126 Lunxuan 126	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	未知 Unknown	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选136 Lunxuan 136	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	未知 Unknown	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选154Lunxuan 154	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	未知 Unknown	中国北京 Beijing, China
轮选199Lunxuan 199	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	未知 Unknown	中国北京 Beijing, China
欧柔Orofen	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	智利Chile
鲁98421 Lu98421	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
安农1008 Annong 1008	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
马场2号 Machang 2	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
宿3596 Su 3596	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
郑州3号 Zhengzhou 3	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
郑州761 Zhongzhou 761	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown
中泛4 Zhongfan 4	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown

附表1

表1

小麦苗期氮效率相关性状表型统计"

性状 Trait	充足供氮 Sufficient nitrogen			低氮 Low nitrogen			低氮/充足供氮 Low nitrogen/sufficient nitrogen
性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
SFW (g plant^-1)	2.420 a	0.815	33.654	0.718 b	0.242	33.724	—	—	—
RFW (g plant^-1)	1.730 a	0.638	36.876	0.961 b	0.358	37.228	—	—	—
TFW (g plant^-1)	4.150 a	1.401	33.763	1.679 b	0.571	34.003	—	—	—
SDW (g plant^-1)	0.418 a	0.154	36.876	0.166 b	0.058	35.144	—	—	—
RDW (g plant^-1)	0.130 a	0.043	33.347	0.090 b	0.044	48.847	—	—	—
TDW (g plant^-1)	0.548 a	0.188	34.361	0.256 b	0.092	36.047	—	—	—
SNC (g plant^-1)	21.913 a	4.952	22.596	10.882 b	1.778	16.341	—	—	—
RNC (g kg^-1)	16.616 a	2.965	17.845	11.263 b	1.526	13.547	—	—	—
TNC (g kg^-1)	20.532 a	3.836	18.684	10.974 b	1.394	12.703	—	—	—
SNA (g plant^-1)	9.091 a	3.818	42.004	1.778 b	0.636	35.793	—	—	—
RNA (g plant^-1)	2.137 a	0.777	36.366	1.004 b	0.493	49.098	—	—	—
TNA (g plant^-1)	11.228 a	4.405	39.229	2.782 b	1.013	36.417	—	—	—
SNUE (g g^-1 kg^-1)	0.020 a	0.009	45.923	0.016 b	0.007	41.471	—	—	—
RNUE (g g^-1 kg^-1)	0.008 a	0.003	38.784	0.008 a	0.004	51.962	—	—	—
TNUE (g g^-1 kg^-1)	0.028 a	0.011	39.742	0.024 b	0.009	39.724	—	—	—
RSDW	0.328 b	0.107	32.642	0.550 a	0.171	31.124	—	—	—
RSNA	0.252 b	0.088	35.029	0.572 a	0.188	32.904	—	—	—
LS-SFW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.328	0.161	49.092
LS-RFW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.636	0.388	60.943
LS-TFW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.450	0.229	50.899
LS-SDW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.455	0.255	55.967
LS-RDW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.761	0.437	57.397
LS-TDW	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.522	0.273	52.325
LS-SNC	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.516	0.124	23.991
LS-RNC	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.700	0.165	23.596
LS-TNC	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.550	0.110	19.959
LS-SNA	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.228	0.129	56.810
LS-RNA	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.522	0.303	58.018
LS-TNA	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.282	0.152	53.950
LS-SNUE	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.959	0.608	63.411
LS-RNUE	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.167	0.798	68.354
LS-TNUE	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.005	0.581	57.806
LS-RSDW	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.789	0.655	36.627
LS-RSNA	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.461	1.066	43.320

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

图4

附图1

表3

小麦氮效率全基因组关联分析定位稳定SNP标记"

性状 Trait	标记 SNP	染色体 Chromosome	位置 Position (Mb)	模型 Model	P最大值 P max.	P最小值 P min.	贡献率 R² (%)
LS-SFW	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.80E-04	1.89E-05	8.077
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.80E-04	1.89E-05	8.077
	AX-111802919	4D	508.503,834	FarmCPU, MLM+Q+K	8.65E-04	1.70E-04	8.400
LS-RDW	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	8.41E-04	1.78E-04	6.553
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	8.41E-04	1.78E-04	6.553
LS-SDW	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.62E-04	2.05E-05	8.051
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.62E-04	2.05E-05	8.051
	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	4.26E-04	9.27E-05	4.890
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	3.95E-04	8.40E-05	5.050
	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	2.83E-04	5.43E-05	5.500
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	6.19E-04	1.50E-04	4.670
	AX-110548993	3B	65.160,500	FarmCPU, MLM	6.31E-04	1.54E-04	7.070
	AX-111802919	4D	508.503,834	FarmCPU, MLM+Q+K	7.58E-04	2.17E-04	15.330
LS-TFW	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	8.01E-04	1.08E-04	6.489
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	8.01E-04	1.08E-04	6.489
	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	1.62E-04	1.69E-05	6.000
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	1.77E-04	1.91E-05	6.000
	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	2.02E-04	2.29E-05	5.830
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	2.27E-04	2.69E-05	5.850
LS-TDW	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.09E-04	1.86E-05	8.634
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	1.09E-04	1.86E-05	8.634
	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	1.95E-04	5.14E-05	6.660
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	1.97E-04	5.21E-05	6.770
	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	1.90E-04	4.97E-05	7.060
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	2.98E-04	8.76E-05	6.370
	AX-110548993	3B	65.160,500	FarmCPU, MLM	3.61E-04	1.11E-04	7.880
LS-SNA	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	2.93E-04	1.20E-05	7.573
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	2.93E-04	1.20E-05	7.573
	AX-111802919	4D	508.503,834	FarmCPU, MLM+Q+K	1.40E-04	3.17E-05	5.760
LS-TNA	AX-111660453	1A	574.476,865	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	2.38E-04	1.92E-05	7.866
	AX-109551739	1A	574.486,675	FarmCPU, MLM, MLM+Q+K	2.38E-04	1.92E-05	7.866
	AX-111802919	4D	508.503,834	FarmCPU, MLM+Q+K	5.44E-04	3.93E-04	7.030
LS-TNUE	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	8.18E-05	3.36E-05	8.040
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	2.48E-04	1.26E-04	7.010
LS-TNUE	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	5.61E-05	2.12E-05	8.770
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	1.36E-04	6.21E-05	7.410
	AX-110548993	3B	65.160,500	FarmCPU, MLM	6.67E-04	4.02E-04	9.050
LS-SNUE	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	2.60E-04	1.39E-04	5.980
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	5.78E-04	3.51E-04	5.320
	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	1.39E-04	6.59E-05	6.910
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	3.76E-04	2.14E-04	5.570
	AX-110548993	3B	65.160,500	FarmCPU, MLM	5.88E-04	3.59E-04	6.670
LS-RFW	AX-110920832	3B	44.975,458	FarmCPU, MLM	3.72E-04	6.98E-05	5.660
	AX-110979247	3B	45.045,393	FarmCPU, MLM	3.57E-04	6.62E-05	5.770
	AX-111518365	3B	45.289,556	FarmCPU, MLM	2.96E-04	5.16E-05	5.690
	AX-109940356	3B	45.257,506	FarmCPU, MLM	3.68E-04	6.87E-05	5.840

表3

图5

附表2

候选基因及其功能注释"

候选基因 Candidate genes	物理位置 Position (bp)	功能注释 Gene annotations
TraesCS3B02G091100	Chr. 3B: 60250946-60254590	钾刺激焦磷酸盐激活钠泵蛋白 K-stimulated pyrophosphate-energized sodium pump protein
TraesCS3B02G091200	Chr. 3B: 60254745-60262160	脂肪酸氧化复合物亚基α Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha
TraesCS3B02G091300	Chr. 3B: 60271263-60272660	皮层素结合蛋白2 Cortactin-binding protein 2
TraesCS3B02G091400	Chr. 3B: 60365231-60368062	表达的细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein, expressed
TraesCS3B02G091500	Chr. 3B: 60548536-60550361	DDT结构域超家族 DDT domain superfamily
TraesCS3B02G091600	Chr. 3B: 60629463-60630222	F-box蛋白 F-box protein
TraesCS3B02G091700	Chr. 3B: 60641814-60642605	可溶性球蛋白 CsAtPR5
TraesCS3B02G091800	Chr. 3B: 60863814-60868553	短链脱氢酶/还原酶家族蛋白 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family protein
TraesCS3B02G091900	Chr. 3B: 61048079-61052327	含XH / XS结构域蛋白 XH/XS domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G092000	Chr. 3B: 61098661-61099299	含XH / XS结构域蛋白 XH/XS domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G092100	Chr. 3B: 61128394-61128941	DNA拓扑异构酶 DNA topoisomerase
TraesCS3B02G092200	Chr. 3B: 61527695-61528392	SKP1 - like蛋白 SKP1-like protein
TraesCS3B02G092300	Chr. 3B: 61532394-61532792	Na (⁺)转位NADH-醌还原酶亚基A Na(⁺)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase subunit A
TraesCS3B02G092400	Chr. 3B: 61552988-61555381	五肽重复蛋白Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G092500	Chr. 3B: 61560637-61564731	碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(bHLH) DNA结合超家族蛋白 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
TraesCS3B02G092600	Chr. 3B: 61875981-61876268	含B3结构域蛋白 B3 domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G092700	Chr. 3B: 61880754-61884071	转移酶家族蛋白 Transferase family protein
TraesCS3B02G092800	Chr. 3B: 61895861-61896952	含NAC结构域的蛋白质 NAC domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G092900	Chr. 3B: 61914874-61916355	含NAC结构域的蛋白质 NAC domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G093000	Chr. 3B: 62010635-62012186	应激反应蛋白 Stress responsive protein
TraesCS3B02G093100	Chr. 3B: 62214759-62217472	应激反应蛋白 Stress responsive protein
TraesCS3B02G093200	Chr. 3B: 62292476-62293280	周质海藻糖酶 Periplasmic trehalase
TraesCS3B02G093300	Chr. 3B: 62313202-62315456	NAC结构域蛋白 NAC domain protein
TraesCS3B02G093400	Chr. 3B: 62392719-62396533	E3泛素连接酶家族蛋白 E3 Ubiquitin ligase family protein
TraesCS3B02G093500	Chr. 3B: 62415051-62418811	含有BRO1样结构域的内体靶向蛋白 Endosomal targeting BRO1-like domain-containing protein
TraesCS3B02G093600	Chr. 3B: 62530132-62530658	核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
TraesCS3B02G093700	Chr. 3B: 62667563-62672566	丝氨酸蛋白酶HtrA样蛋白 Serine protease HtrA-like
TraesCS3B02G093800	Chr. 3B: 62945115-62948759	类受体激酶 Receptor-like kinase
TraesCS3B02G093900	Chr. 3B: 62948630-62953476	DNA导向的RNA聚合酶β亚基 DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
TraesCS3B02G094000	Chr. 3B: 62953766-62958847	整合子复合体亚基7 Integrator complex subunit 7
TraesCS3B02G094100	Chr. 3B: 62964339-62972385	受体激酶1 receptor kinase 1
TraesCS3B02G094200	Chr. 3B: 62982063-62983361	包含蛋白的F-box结构域 F-box domain containing protein
TraesCS3B02G094300	Chr. 3B: 62985132-62986025	可溶性球蛋白 CsAtPR5
TraesCS3B02G094400	Chr. 3B: 63107268-63118230	泛素家族蛋白 Ubiquitin family protein
TraesCS3B02G094500	Chr. 3B: 63387316-63390082	F - box蛋白PP2 F-box protein PP2
TraesCS3B02G094700	Chr. 3B: 63392218-63395735	DNA/RNA结合蛋白KIN17 DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17
TraesCS3B02G094600	Chr. 3B: 63392249-63393457	甾醇-8, 7-异构酶 Sterol-8, 7-isomerase
TraesCS3B02G094800	Chr. 3B: 63398367-63399534	凝集素受体激酶 Lectin receptor kinase
TraesCS3B02G094900	Chr. 3B: 63404102-63406543	假定跨膜蛋白(DUF594) Transmembrane protein, putative (DUF594)
TraesCS3B02G095100	Chr. 3B: 63468035-63472262	单胺氧化酶A阻遏子R1蛋白的锌指结构域 Zinc-finger domain of monoamine-oxidase A repressor R1 protein
TraesCS3B02G095200	Chr. 3B: 63987407-64004822	受体激酶2 Receptor kinase 2
TraesCS3B02G095300	Chr. 3B: 64165574-64178598	受体激酶1 Receptor kinase 1
TraesCS3B02G095400	Chr. 3B: 64242418-64243279	导向蛋白 Dirigent protein
TraesCS3B02G095500	Chr. 3B: 64244480-64249451	氧化还原酶Tas aldo / 酮基还原酶家族蛋白 Oxidoreductase Tas aldo/keto reductase family protein
TraesCS3B02G095700	Chr. 3B: 64298721-64299258	防卫素 Defensin
TraesCS3B02G095800	Chr. 3B: 64306545-64307612	F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS3B02G096000	Chr. 3B: 64314488-64320468	主要协助转运超家族蛋白 Major facilitator superfamily protein
TraesCS3B02G095900	Chr. 3B: 64314648-64316600	假定受体蛋白激酶 Receptor protein kinase, putative
TraesCS3B02G096100	Chr. 3B: 64413796-64414790	丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白磷酸酶 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase
TraesCS3B02G096200	Chr. 3B: 64415992-64416598	光调控蛋白 Light-regulated protein
TraesCS3B02G096300	Chr. 3B: 64499581-64500175	重金属相关蛋白 Heavy metal-associated protein
TraesCS3B02G096400	Chr. 3B: 64504291-64508081	带电荷的多泡体蛋白5 Charged multivesicular body protein 5
TraesCS3B02G096500	Chr. 3B: 64508601-64509210	光调控蛋白 Light-regulated protein
TraesCS3B02G096600	Chr. 3B: 64509653-64510875	丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白磷酸酶 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase
TraesCS3B02G096700	Chr. 3B: 64538075-64539934	多元醇转运子 Polyol transporter
TraesCS3B02G096800	Chr. 3B: 64596330-64597558	丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白磷酸酶 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase
TraesCS3B02G096900	Chr. 3B: 64695774-64700203	抗病蛋白(NBS-LRR类)家族 Disease resistance protein (NBS-LRR class) family
TraesCS3B02G097000	Chr. 3B: 64700982-64706088	DNA修复蛋白样蛋白 DNA repair protein-like protein
TraesCS3B02G097100	Chr. 3B: 64811084-64813465	E3泛素蛋白连接酶SINA-like 10 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SINA-like 10
TraesCS3B02G097200	Chr. 3B: 65193781-65196227	易位子相关蛋白亚基β Translocon-associated protein subunit beta
TraesCS3B02G097300	Chr. 3B: 65198470-65199985	富含半胱氨酸的受体激酶样蛋白 Cysteine-rich receptor-kinase-like protein
TraesCS3B02G097400	Chr. 3B: 65211236-65215663	蛋白质腺毛双折射 Protein trichome birefringence
TraesCS3B02G097500	Chr. 3B: 65268601-65269447	Harpin诱导蛋白 Harpin-induced protein
TraesCS3B02G097600	Chr. 3B: 65335466-65339154	类F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein-like
TraesCS3B02G097700	Chr. 3B: 65346987-65349183	类PapD超家族蛋白 PapD-like superfamily protein
TraesCS3B02G097800	Chr. 3B: 65358509-65360980	莽草酸激酶家族蛋白 Shikimate kinase family protein
TraesCS3B02G097900	Chr. 3B: 65366570-65369381	缝隙连接β - 4蛋白亚型1 Gap junction beta-4 protein isoform 1
TraesCS3B02G098000	Chr. 3B: 65547132-65548442	叶绿体类囊体腔17.9 kD蛋白 Thylakoid lumenal 17.9 kD protein, chloroplastic
TraesCS3B02G098100	Chr. 3B: 65552302-65554643	非特异性磷脂酶C Non-specific phospholipase C
TraesCS3B02G098200	Chr. 3B: 65558254-65558466	假定跨膜蛋白(DUF 3339) transmembrane protein, putative (DUF 3339)
TraesCS3B02G098300	Chr. 3B: 65560152-65560370	假定跨膜蛋白(DUF 3339) transmembrane protein, putative (DUF 3339)
TraesCS3B02G098400	Chr. 3B: 65560604-65564912	内-贝壳杉烯酸羟化酶2 Ent-kaurenoic acid hydroxylase 2
TraesCS3B02G098500	Chr. 3B: 66050390-66055387	核糖体蛋白L29家族蛋白 Ribosomal protein L29 family protein
TraesCS3B02G098600	Chr. 3B: 66170761-66173676	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS3B02G098700	Chr. 3B: 66180176-66182333	伴侣蛋白dna J Chaperone protein dnaJ
TraesCS3B02G098800	Chr. 3B: 66186166-66190004	RNA识别基序家族蛋白 RNA recognition motif-containing family protein
TraesCS3B02G098900	Chr. 3B: 66416023-66420917	蛋白激酶家族蛋白 Protein kinase family protein
TraesCS3B02G099000	Chr. 3B: 66470014-66471136	木葡聚糖转移/水解酶 Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
TraesCS3B02G099100	Chr. 3B: 66477677-66478861	木葡聚糖转移/水解酶 Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
TraesCS3B02G099200	Chr. 3B: 66574594-66577599	核转运蛋白Snurportin-1 Snurportin-1
TraesCS3B02G099300	Chr. 3B: 66577194-66579234	烯醇化酶-磷酸酶E1 Enolase-phosphatase E1
TraesCS3B02G099400	Chr. 3B: 66579716-66581682	蛋白酶HtpX Protease HtpX
TraesCS3B02G099500	Chr. 3B: 66586170-66588662	含五肽重复家族蛋白 Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing family protein
TraesCS3B02G099600	Chr. 3B: 66597468-66603123	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS3B02G099700	Chr. 3B: 66611483-66613539	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS3B02G099800	Chr. 3B: 66678779-66679843	转移酶, 转移糖基 Transferase, transferring glycosyl groups
TraesCS3B02G099900	Chr. 3B: 66706917-66711122	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS3B02G100000	Chr. 3B: 66712696-66714756	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS3B02G100100	Chr. 3B: 66797759-66798919	转移酶, 转移糖基 Transferase, transferring glycosyl groups
TraesCS3B02G100200	Chr. 3B: 66801624-66805418	含五肽重复家族蛋白 Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing family protein
TraesCS3B02G100300	Chr. 3B: 66816983-66820910	FBD相关F-box蛋白 FBD-associated F-box protein
TraesCS3B02G100400	Chr. 3B: 66864005-66871291	阻抑蛋白 Prohibitin
TraesCS3B02G100500	Chr. 3B: 66873290-66877508	NADPH -细胞色素P450还原酶 NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase
TraesCS3B02G100600	Chr. 3B: 66877543-66882500	谷氨酸脱羧酶 Glutamate decarboxylase
TraesCS3B02G100700	Chr. 3B: 66953395-66958021	假定BZIP转录因子(DUF1664) bZIP transcription factor, putative (DUF1664)
TraesCS3B02G100800	Chr. 3B: 67060640-67062536	30S核糖体蛋白S7 30S ribosomal protein S7
TraesCS3B02G100900	Chr. 3B: 67689687-67690425	含CCHC结构域的锌指蛋白4 Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 4
TraesCS3B02G101000	Chr. 3B: 67944264-67946258	应激反应α-β桶状结构域蛋白 Stress responsive alpha-beta barrel domain protein
TraesCS3B02G101100	Chr. 3B: 68253426-68254192	白细胞介素-4 Interleukin-4
TraesCS3B02G101200	Chr. 3B: 68348282-68356139	单铜氧化酶样蛋白SKU5 Monocopper oxidase-like protein SKU5
TraesCS3B02G101300	Chr. 3B: 68398778-68406173	倍半萜合酶 Sesquiterpene synthase
TraesCS3B02G101400	Chr. 3B: 68427410-68429508	细胞色素P450 Cytochrome P450
TraesCS3B02G101500	Chr. 3B: 68442260-68445404	单铜氧化酶样蛋白SKU5 Monocopper oxidase-like protein SKU5
TraesCS3B02G101600	Chr. 3B: 68450231-68453892	跨膜蛋白 Transmembrane protein
TraesCS3B02G101700	Chr. 3B: 68463718-68468382	CC-NBS-LRR家族抗病蛋白 CC-NBS-LRR family disease resistance protein
TraesCS3B02G101900	Chr. 3B: 68588515-68591362	R3H结构域含有蛋白 R3H domain containing protein
TraesCS3B02G102000	Chr. 3B: 68593361-68593936	CDNA, 克隆号: J090004K22, 全插入序列 cDNA, clone: J090004K22, full insert sequence
TraesCS3B02G102100	Chr. 3B: 68871684-68880041	脂肪酸氧化复合物亚基α Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha
TraesCS3B02G102200	Chr. 3B: 68881218-68885390	蛋白AATF Protein AATF
TraesCS3B02G102300	Chr. 3B: 68899038-68902413	剪接因子 Splicing factor
TraesCS3B02G102400	Chr. 3B: 68903863-68910705	TBC1结构域家族成员 TBC1 domain family member
TraesCS3B02G102500	Chr. 3B: 68910939-68914684	半胱氨酸合成酶 Cysteine synthase
TraesCS3B02G102600	Chr. 3B: 69351976-69360003	NADP依赖的α,β-不饱和醛酮双键还原酶 NADP-dependent alkenal double bond reductase
TraesCS3B02G102700	Chr. 3B: 69361029-69362107	F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS3B02G102800	Chr. 3B: 69603488-69606079	嘧啶核苷特异性核糖核苷水解酶 Pyrimidine-specific ribonucleoside hydrolase
TraesCS3B02G102900	Chr. 3B: 69605986-69609368	类AT2G31890蛋白 AT2G31890-like protein
TraesCS3B02G103000	Chr. 3B: 69620569-69621345	F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS3B02G103100	Chr. 3B: 69643792-69645390	GDSL酯酶/脂肪酶 GDSL esterase/lipase
TraesCS3B02G103200	Chr. 3B: 69811561-69818149	转录因子GTE9 Transcription factor GTE9
TraesCS3B02G103300	Chr. 3B: 70092982-70093620	RING/U-box超家族蛋白 RING/U-box superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G351800	Chr. 4D: 503505981-503507640	短链脱氢酶/还原酶家族蛋白 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family protein
TraesCS4D02G351900	Chr. 4D: 503563204-503565726	假定细胞色素P450 Cytochrome P450, putative
TraesCS4D02G352000	Chr. 4D: 503596853-503599004	冷调节蛋白27 Cold regulated protein 27
TraesCS4D02G352100	Chr. 4D: 503606966-503607924	假定FAD结合小檗碱家族蛋白 FAD-binding Berberine family protein, putative
TraesCS4D02G352200	Chr. 4D: 503615478-503621888	假定呼吸爆发氧化酶 Respiratory burst oxidase, putative
TraesCS4D02G352300	Chr. 4D: 503622240-503624321	F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS4D02G352400	Chr. 4D: 503668321-503670497	类CASP蛋白 CASP-like protein
TraesCS4D02G352500	Chr. 4D: 503672009-503675192	假定受体激酶 Receptor-kinase, putative
TraesCS4D02G352600	Chr. 4D: 503742338-503747796	锚蛋白重复蛋白家族样蛋白 Ankyrin repeat protein family-like protein
TraesCS4D02G352700	Chr. 4D: 503785960-503789641	类受体激酶 Receptor kinase-like protein
TraesCS4D02G352800	Chr. 4D: 503791201-503793287	吡哆醇/吡哆胺5'-磷酸氧化酶 Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
TraesCS4D02G352900	Chr. 4D: 503804138-503809364	假定WD-重复蛋白 WD-repeat protein, putative
TraesCS4D02G353000	Chr. 4D: 503905849-503906196	环核苷酸门控通道9 Cyclic nucleotide gated channel 9
TraesCS4D02G353100	Chr. 4D: 503918550-503920992	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶 L-gulonolactone oxidase
TraesCS4D02G353200	Chr. 4D: 503964657-503967442	五肽重复蛋白 Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein
TraesCS4D02G353300	Chr. 4D: 503968880-503969956	BTB / POZ和MATH结构域蛋白2 BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 2
TraesCS4D02G353400	Chr. 4D: 503997489-503999419	类细胞色素P450蛋白 Cytochrome P450-like protein
TraesCS4D02G353500	Chr. 4D: 504043183-504046044	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶 L-gulonolactone oxidase
TraesCS4D02G353600	Chr. 4D: 504073956-504079603	双功能岩藻糖激酶/岩藻糖焦磷酸化酶 Bifunctional fucokinase/fucose pyrophosphorylase
TraesCS4D02G353700	Chr. 4D: 504079683-504081584	吡哆醇/吡哆胺5'-磷酸氧化酶 Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
TraesCS4D02G353800	Chr. 4D: 504087839-504093419	双特异性磷酸酶 Dual specificity phosphatase
TraesCS4D02G353900	Chr. 4D: 504097765-504100105	细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂SMR1-like蛋白 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor SMR1-like protein
TraesCS4D02G354000	Chr. 4D: 504108998-504111321	UPF0548蛋白 UPF0548 protein
TraesCS4D02G354100	Chr. 4D: 504114728-504115931	含有LOB结构域的蛋白 LOB domain-containing protein
TraesCS4D02G354200	Chr. 4D: 504177198-504178305	含有LOB结构域的蛋白 LOB domain-containing protein
TraesCS4D02G354300	Chr. 4D: 504197596-504200977	RING / U - box超家族蛋白 RING/U-box superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G354400	Chr. 4D: 504261950-504265251	NBS-LRR抗病蛋白 NBS-LRR disease resistance protein
TraesCS4D02G354500	Chr. 4D: 504266625-504267882	BTB/POZ结构域含有蛋白 BTB/POZ domain containing protein
TraesCS4D02G354600	Chr. 4D: 504271326-504271613	B3结构域蛋白家族 B3 domain-containing protein family
TraesCS4D02G354700	Chr. 4D: 504273665-504281645	含有蛋白的F - box和Leucine Rich Repeat结构域, 推测为异构体1 F-box and Leucine Rich Repeat domains containing protein, putative isoform 1
TraesCS4D02G354800	Chr. 4D: 504315254-504317909	小核核糖核蛋白样蛋白 Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-like protein
TraesCS4D02G354900	Chr. 4D: 504328740-504331280	硅转运蛋白 Silicon transporter
TraesCS4D02G355000	Chr. 4D: 504339499-504344372	SKP1家族蛋白 SKP1 family protein
TraesCS4D02G355100	Chr. 4D: 504344908-504345720	扩张素蛋白 Expansin protein
TraesCS4D02G355200	Chr. 4D: 504508069-504508389	开花促进因子1样蛋白1 Flowering-promoting factor 1-like protein 1
TraesCS4D02G355300	Chr. 4D: 504511651-504512007	花粉类过敏原 Pollen allergen-like protein
TraesCS4D02G355400	Chr. 4D: 504521809-504522099	丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白激酶 Serine/threonine-protein kinase
TraesCS4D02G355500	Chr. 4D: 504562124-504562480	花粉类过敏原 Pollen allergen-like protein
TraesCS4D02G355600	Chr. 4D: 504597403-504598281	水孔蛋白 Aquaporin
TraesCS4D02G355700	Chr. 4D: 504996446-504997582	扩张素蛋白 Expansin protein
TraesCS4D02G355800	Chr. 4D: 505188396-505189587	扩张素蛋白 Expansin protein
TraesCS4D02G355900	Chr. 4D: 505192205-505197656	类SKP1蛋白21 SKP1-like protein 21
TraesCS4D02G356000	Chr. 4D: 505237477-505237851	花粉类过敏原 Pollen allergen-like protein
TraesCS4D02G356100	Chr. 4D: 505307336-505307578	液泡分选受体2 VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR 2
TraesCS4D02G356200	Chr. 4D: 505325871-505329827	支链氨基酸氨基转移酶 Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase
TraesCS4D02G356300	Chr. 4D: 505330644-505333517	脂肪酰辅酶A还原酶 Fatty acyl-CoA reductase
TraesCS4D02G356400	Chr. 4D: 505352502-505354843	E3泛素连接酶 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase
TraesCS4D02G356500	Chr. 4D: 505357085-505359092	F-box / RNI-like超家族蛋白 F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G356600	Chr. 4D: 505363557-505367310	烷基转移酶 Alkyl transferase
TraesCS4D02G356700	Chr. 4D: 505381091-505384995	F-box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS4D02G356800	Chr. 4D: 505388341-505393599	假定表达的PAIR1蛋白 PAIR1 protein, putative, expressed
TraesCS4D02G356900	Chr. 4D: 505427738-505432457	磷脂酰肌醇N -乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶亚基P样蛋白 Phosphatidylinositol N-acetyglucosaminlytransferase subunit P-like protein
TraesCS4D02G357000	Chr. 4D: 505432671-505433054	碱性螺旋-环-螺旋( b HLH ) DNA结合超家族蛋白 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G357100	Chr. 4D: 505433675-505437130	腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶 Apyrase
TraesCS4D02G357200	Chr. 4D: 505498001-505500622	酸性磷酸酶1 Acid phosphatase 1
TraesCS4D02G357300	Chr. 4D: 505514818-505517173	酸性磷酸酶1 Acid phosphatase 1
TraesCS4D02G357400	Chr. 4D: 505553303-505554841	酸性磷酸酶1 Acid phosphatase 1
TraesCS4D02G357500	Chr. 4D: 505700443-505700892	抗病蛋白( TIR - NBS - LRR类)家族 Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) family
TraesCS4D02G357600	Chr. 4D: 505725280-505725876	代谢型谷氨酸受体2 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
TraesCS4D02G357700	Chr. 4D: 505983762-505988144	RING / U - box超家族蛋白 RING/U-box superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G357800	Chr. 4D: 505988576-505992394	假定蛋白磷酸酶2c Protein phosphatase 2c, putative
TraesCS4D02G357900	Chr. 4D: 505998197-506003740	BAG家族分子伴侣调节因子6 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 6
TraesCS4D02G358000	Chr. 4D: 506029864-506030373	导向蛋白 Dirigent protein
TraesCS4D02G358100	Chr. 4D: 506050808-506053015	间天冬氨酸酶-1 Metacaspase-1
TraesCS4D02G358200	Chr. 4D: 506061720-506062465	环指蛋白44 RING finger protein 44
TraesCS4D02G358300	Chr. 4D: 506064397-506070542	抗病蛋白RPM1 Disease resistance protein RPM1
TraesCS4D02G358400	Chr. 4D: 506072327-506074686	抗病蛋白RPM1 Disease resistance protein RPM1
TraesCS4D02G358500	Chr. 4D: 506103285-506105538	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase
TraesCS4D02G358600	Chr. 4D: 506130446-506133842	液泡蛋白分选相关蛋白2 1 Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2 1
TraesCS4D02G358700	Chr. 4D: 506204779-506206379	木葡聚糖转移/水解酶 Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
TraesCS4D02G358800	Chr. 4D: 506285006-506287456	间天冬氨酸酶-I Metacaspase-1
TraesCS4D02G358900	Chr. 4D: 506339104-506340233	热激转录因子 Heat shock transcription factor
TraesCS4D02G359000	Chr. 4D: 506463560-506466966	ATP依赖的RNA解旋酶 ATP dependent RNA helicase
TraesCS4D02G359100	Chr. 4D: 506605746-506607107	MYB转录因子 MYB transcription factor
TraesCS4D02G359200	Chr. 4D: 506720096-506722226	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase
TraesCS4D02G359300	Chr. 4D: 506746643-506747502	导向蛋白 Dirigent protein
TraesCS4D02G359400	Chr. 4D: 506852817-506854686	酪氨酸脱羧酶 Tyrosine decarboxylase
TraesCS4D02G359500	Chr. 4D: 506871482-506876195	糖基转移酶 Glycosyltransferase
TraesCS4D02G359600	Chr. 4D: 506967357-506975612	同源盒亮氨酸拉链蛋白 Homeobox leucine-zipper protein
TraesCS4D02G359700	Chr. 4D: 507001378-507002738	酪氨酸脱羧酶 Tyrosine decarboxylase
TraesCS4D02G359800	Chr. 4D: 507005481-507007335	胍基丁胺香豆酰基转移酶-2 Agmatine coumaroyltransferase-2
TraesCS4D02G359900	Chr. 4D: 507119357-507119950	14 k Da富含脯氨酸蛋白DC2.15 14 kDa proline-rich protein DC2.15
TraesCS4D02G360000	Chr. 4D: 507124730-507125155	14 k Da富含脯氨酸蛋白DC2.15 14 kDa proline-rich protein DC2.15
TraesCS4D02G360100	Chr. 4D: 507163625-507164068	14 k Da富含脯氨酸蛋白DC2.15 14 kDa proline-rich protein DC2.15
TraesCS4D02G360200	Chr. 4D: 507271557-507274006	稻纵卷叶螟转录因子家族蛋白 Scarecrow transcription factor family protein
TraesCS4D02G360300	Chr. 4D: 507279851-507284820	信号识别颗粒蛋白 Signal recognition particle protein
TraesCS4D02G360400	Chr. 4D: 507348199-507352544	F-box蛋白 F-box protein
TraesCS4D02G360500	Chr. 4D: 507417297-507423921	抗病蛋白RPM1 Disease resistance protein RPM1
TraesCS4D02G360600	Chr. 4D: 507559405-507560809	MYB相关转录因子 MYB-related transcription factor
TraesCS4D02G360700	Chr. 4D: 507665144-507666913	HXXXD型酰基转移酶家族蛋白 HXXXD-type acyl-transferase family protein
TraesCS4D02G360800	Chr. 4D: 507679722-507683815	黄素依赖型单加氧酶 Flavin-containing monooxygenase
TraesCS4D02G360900	Chr. 4D: 507686127-507689164	黄素依赖型单加氧酶 Flavin-containing monooxygenase
TraesCS4D02G361000	Chr. 4D: 507712341-507717027	黄素依赖型单加氧酶 Flavin-containing monooxygenase
TraesCS4D02G361100	Chr. 4D: 507890203-507895188	假定T-box转录因子(DUF863) T-box transcription factor, putative (DUF863)
TraesCS4D02G361200	Chr. 4D: 507901581-507902876	类C2H2锌指蛋白 C2H2-like zinc finger protein
TraesCS4D02G361300	Chr. 4D: 507965542-507967822	钠离子转运蛋白家族蛋白 Sodium transporter family protein
TraesCS4D02G361400	Chr. 4D: 508256672-508263207	氧化甾醇结合蛋白 Oxysterol-binding protein
TraesCS4D02G361500	Chr. 4D: 508264326-508271976	硝酸盐转运蛋白1.1 Nitrate transporter 1.1
TraesCS4D02G361600	Chr. 4D: 508339521-508343262	丝氨酸/苏氨酸-蛋白激酶 Serine/threonine-protein kinase
TraesCS4D02G361700	Chr. 4D: 508431333-508432960	扩张素蛋白 Expansin protein
TraesCS4D02G361800	Chr. 4D: 508479234-508480543	非特异性磷脂酶C3 non-specific phospholipase C3
TraesCS4D02G361900	Chr. 4D: 508500284-508502749	扩张素蛋白 Expansin protein
TraesCS4D02G362000	Chr. 4D: 508528075-508528350	推定RING / U - box超家族蛋白 RING/U-box superfamily protein, putative
TraesCS4D02G362100	Chr. 4D: 508529210-508529773	锌指蛋白康斯坦斯-LIKE 1 Zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 1
TraesCS4D02G362200	Chr. 4D: 508591122-508591336	叶绿体30S核糖体蛋白 30S ribosomal protein S19, chloroplastic
TraesCS4D02G362300	Chr. 4D: 508672464-508681236	2-磷酸甘油酸激酶, 推定, 表达 2-phosphoglycerate kinase, putative, expressed
TraesCS4D02G362400	Chr. 4D: 508682913-508702166	CCR4 - NOT转录复合体亚基1 CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 1
TraesCS4D02G362500	Chr. 4D: 508806906-508807847	咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶 Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase
TraesCS4D02G362600	Chr. 4D: 508809651-508819038	ATP依赖的RNA解旋酶 ATP-dependent RNA helicase
TraesCS4D02G362700	Chr. 4D: 508938139-508938936	伴侣蛋白Clp B Chaperone protein ClpB
TraesCS4D02G362800	Chr. 4D: 509056631-509058516	GATA转录因子 GATA transcription factor
TraesCS4D02G362900	Chr. 4D: 509095354-509096715	基质金属蛋白酶 Matrix metalloproteinase
TraesCS4D02G363000	Chr. 4D: 509098244-509100075	2 -酮戊二酸( 2OG )和Fe ( II )依赖的加氧酶超家族蛋白 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G363100	Chr. 4D: 509100136-509101897	2 -酮戊二酸( 2OG )和Fe ( II )依赖的加氧酶超家族蛋白 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G363200	Chr. 4D: 509101901-509103877	2 -酮戊二酸( 2OG )和Fe ( II )依赖的加氧酶超家族蛋白 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G363300	Chr. 4D: 509104468-509106248	2 -酮戊二酸( 2OG )和Fe ( II )依赖的加氧酶超家族蛋白 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein
TraesCS4D02G363400	Chr. 4D: 509114738-509121487	PHD锌指蛋白 PHD-finger protein
TraesCS4D02G363500	Chr. 4D: 509134936-509137014	细胞色素P450家族蛋白, 表达 Cytochrome P450 family protein, expressed
TraesCS4D02G363600	Chr. 4D: 509172859-509175128	生长素激活蛋白(DUF828) Auxin canalization protein (DUF828)
TraesCS4D02G363700	Chr. 4D: 509175058-509177724	甲硫氨酰基-t RNA甲酰基转移酶 Methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase
TraesCS4D02G363800	Chr. 4D: 509181987-509182706	假定跨膜蛋白 Transmembrane protein, putative
TraesCS4D02G363900	Chr. 4D: 509184569-509189902	外被体亚基α Coatomer subunit alpha
TraesCS4D02G364000	Chr. 4D: 509224814-509228514	磷脂酰丝氨酸脱羧酶原酶 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme
TraesCS4D02G364100	Chr. 4D: 509236273-509239739	细胞数调节因子6 Cell number regulator 6
TraesCS4D02G364200	Chr. 4D: 509272555-509273889	F - box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS4D02G364300	Chr. 4D: 509275914-509277096	F - box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
TraesCS4D02G364400	Chr. 4D: 509282253-509284348	锌指结构蛋白 Zinc finger constans-like protein
TraesCS4D02G364500	Chr. 4D: 509338852-509340992	锌指结构蛋白 Zinc finger constans-like protein
TraesCS4D02G364600	Chr. 4D: 509363547-509372502	推定解旋酶 Helicase, putative
TraesCS4D02G364700	Chr. 4D: 509427073-509429074	细胞色素P450家族蛋白 Cytochrome P450 family protein
TraesCS4D02G364800	Chr. 4D: 509430091-509437414	脂酶/酯酶/硫酯酶家族蛋白 Esterase/lipase/thioesterase family protein
TraesCS4D02G364900	Chr. 4D: 509451626-509454010	细胞核样天冬氨酸蛋白酶 Nucellin-like aspartic protease
TraesCS4D02G365000	Chr. 4D: 509456698-509458706	天冬氨酸蛋白酶Asp1 Aspartic proteinase Asp1
TraesCS4D02G365100	Chr. 4D: 509477168-509481540	鞘磷脂磷酸二酯酶4 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4
TraesCS4D02G365200	Chr. 4D: 509504323-509504880	蛋白酶体组装伴侣4 Proteasome assembly chaperone 4
TraesCS4D02G365300	Chr. 4D: 509510624-509512063	推定富含亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶家族蛋白 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase family protein, putative
TraesCS4D02G365400	Chr. 4D: 509512085-509518918	富含亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶家族蛋白 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase family protein
TraesCS4D02G365500	Chr. 4D: 509534509-509537103	富含亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶家族蛋白 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase family
TraesCS4D02G365600	Chr. 4D: 509645777-509648952	醇脱氢酶 Alcohol dehydrogenase
TraesCS4D02G365700	Chr. 4D: 509649943-509652123	磷酸甘油酸变位酶家族蛋白 Phosphoglycerate mutase family protein
TraesCS4D02G365800	Chr. 4D: 509662882-509667974	推定糖转运蛋白 Sugar transporter, putative
TraesCS4D02G365900	Chr. 4D: 509669400-509677298	蛋白激酶 Protein kinase
TraesCS4D02G366000	Chr. 4D: 509819115-509827442	蛋白Arabidillo 1 Protein ARABIDILLO 1
TraesCS4D02G366100	Chr. 4D: 509827788-509831298	棕榈酰蛋白硫酯酶包含蛋白, 表达 Palmitoyl protein thioesterase containing protein, expressed
TraesCS4D02G366200	Chr. 4D: 509837611-509839060	糖基转移酶 Glycosyltransferase
TraesCS4D02G366300	Chr. 4D: 509850878-509852835	NBS - LRR抗病蛋白样蛋白 NBS-LRR disease resistance protein-like protein
TraesCS4D02G366400	Chr. 4D: 509852857-509854941	抗病蛋白( NBS - LRR类)家族 Disease resistance protein (NBS-LRR class) family

附表2

图6

参考文献 51

[1]	Ray D K, Mueller N D, West P C, Foley J A. Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050. PLoS One, 2013, 8: e66428.
[2]	Wang H Y, Li Q Z, Du X, Zhao L C, Wang N. Evaluation of potential crop productivity based on remote sensing and agro-ecological zones around the world. Geocarto Int, 2018, 33: 713-722.
[3]	Good A G, Shrawat A K, Muench D G. Can less yield more? Is reducing nutrient input into the environment compatible with maintaining crop production? Trends Plant Sci, 2004, 9: 597-605. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.008 pmid: 15564127
[4]	侯萌瑶, 张丽, 王知文, 杨殿林, 王丽丽, 修伟明, 赵建宁. 中国主要农作物化肥用量估算. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34: 360-367.
	Hou M Y, Zhang L, Wang Z W, Yang D L, Wang L L, Xiu W M, Zhao J N. Estimation of fertilizer usage from main crops in China. J Agric Resour Environ, 2017, 34: 360-367 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	Li J, Xu F, Yang J M. Improved economic and environmental outcomes from targeted fertilizer policy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022, 29: 10101-10111.
[6]	靳义荣, 刘金栋, 刘彩云, 贾德新, 刘鹏, 王雅美. 普通小麦氮素利用效率相关性状全基因组关联分析. 作物学报, 2021, 47: 394-404. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01024
	Jin Y R, Liu J D, Liu C Y, Jia D X, Liu P, Wang Y M. Genome-wide association study of nitrogen use efficiency related traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agron Sin, 2021, 47: 394-404 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	Vidican R, Mălinaș A, Rotar I, Kadar R, Deac V, Mălinaș C. Assessing wheat response to N fertilization in a wheat-maize- soybean long-term rotation through NUE measurements. Agronomy, 2020, 10: 941.
[8]	Frels K, Guttieri M, Joyce B, Leavitt B, Baenziger P S. Evaluating canopy spectral reflectance vegetation indices to estimate nitrogen use traits in hard winter wheat. Field Crops Res, 2018, 217: 82-92.
[9]	张鹏霞, 周秀文, 梁雪, 郭营, 赵岩, 李斯深, 孔凡美. 小麦苗期生物量及氮效率相关性状的全基因组关联分析. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 4487-4544. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.001
	Zhang P X, Zhou X W, Liang X, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li S S, Kong F M. Genome-wide association analysis for yield and nitrogen efficiency related traits of wheat at seedling stage. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 4487-4544 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.001
[10]	廖荣伟, 刘晶淼. 作物根系形态观测方法研究进展讨论. 气象科技, 2008, 36: 429-435.
	Liao R W, Liu J M. Progresses in methods for observing crop root pattern system. Meteor Sci Technol, 2008, 36: 429-435 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	An D G, Su J Y, Liu Q Y, Zhu Y G, Tong Y P, Li J M, Jing R L, Li B, Li Z S. Mapping QTLs for nitrogen uptake in relation to the early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Soil, 2006, 284: 73-84.
[12]	Xu Y F, Wang R F, Tong Y P, Zhao H T, Xie Q G, Liu D C, Zhang A M, Li B, Xu H X, An D G. Mapping QTLs for yield and nitrogen-related traits in wheat: influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on QTL expression. Theor Appl Genet, 2014, 127: 59-72. doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2201-y pmid: 24072207
[13]	Sandhu N, Sethi M, Kaur H, Dhillon A, Kumar A, Kaur A, Kaur S, Varinderpal S, Bentley A R, Chhuneja P. Mining natural genetic variations for nitrogen use efficiency utilizing nested synthetic hexaploid wheat introgression libraries. Environ Exp Bot, 2023, 212: 105394.
[14]	赵化田, 王瑞芳, 许云峰, 安调过. 小麦苗期耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19: 1199-1204.
	Zhao H T, Wang R F, Xu Y F, An D G. Screening and evaluating low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype at seedling stage. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2011, 19: 1199-1204 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]	胡成梅.小麦苗期耐低氮胁迫相关性状的全基因组关联分析. 山西农业大学硕士学位论文, 山西太谷, 2020.
	Hu C M. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Low Nitrogen Stress Tolerance Related Traits in Wheat Seedling Stage. MS Thesis of Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 2020 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	Hoagland D R, Arnon D I. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular, 1950.
[17]	Lynch J M, Barbano D M. Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis as a reference method for protein determination in dairy products. J AOAC Int, 1999, 82: 1389-1398. pmid: 10589493
[18]	Siddiqi M Y, Glass A D M. Utilization index: a modified approach to the estimation and comparison of nutrient utilization efficiency in plants. J Plant Nutr, 1981, 4: 289-302.
[19]	杜保见, 郜红建, 常江, 章力干. 小麦苗期氮素吸收利用效率差异及聚类分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 1349-1357.
	Du B J, Gao H J, Chang J, Zhang L G. Screening and cluster analysis of nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat cultivars at the seedling stage. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 1349-1357 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]	Hu C C, Li J H, Liu J J, Zhang D Z, Jin L Q, Yang N, Bai B P, Wang Z H, Feng S W, Ru Z G, et al. Genome-wide association study on seedling phenotypic traits of wheat under different nitrogen conditions. Plants, 2023, 12: 4050.
[21]	Shi H W, Wang W C, Gao L F, Wu J R, Hu C M, Yan H S, Shi Y G, Li N, Ma Y Z, Zhou Y B, et al. Genome-wide association study of seedling nitrogen-use efficiency-associated traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop J, 2024, 12: 222-231.
[22]	Shi H W, Chen M, Gao L F, Wang Y X, Bai Y M, Yan H S, Xu C J, Zhou Y B, Xu Z S, Chen J, et al. Genome-wide association study of agronomic traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in wheat. Theor Appl Genet, 2022, 135: 4289-4302.
[23]	吕阳, 刘聪聪, 杨龙波, 曹兴岚, 王月影, 童毅, Mohamed Hazman, 钱前, 商连光, 郭龙彪. 全基因组关联分析(GWAS)鉴定水稻氮素利用效率候选基因. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38: 516-524. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231010
	Lyu Y, Liu C C, Yang L B, Cao X L, Wang Y Y, Tong Y, Hazman M, Qian Q, Shang L G, Guo L B. Identification of candidate genes for rice nitrogen use efficiency by genome-wide association analysis. Chin J Rice Sci, 2024, 38: 516-524 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231010
[24]	栾海业, 孟炜, 张英虎, 李钰, 朱琳洁, 王裕, 刘雨倩, 徐肖, 刘方方, 沈会权. 大麦耐盐相关性状的全基因组关联分析. 麦类作物学报, 2024, 44: 729-734.
	Luan H Y, Meng W, Zhang Y H, Li Y, Zhu L J, Wang Y, Liu Y Q, Xu X, Liu F F, Shen H Q. Genome-wide association analysis of traits related to salt tolerance in barley. J Triticeae Crops, 2024, 44: 729-734 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]	Saghai-Maroof M A, Soliman K M, Jorgensen R A, Allard R W L. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1984, 81: 8014-8018. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.8014 pmid: 6096873
[26]	Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol, 2005, 14: 2611-2620. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x pmid: 15969739
[27]	Zhang C, Dong S S, Xu J Y, He W M, Yang T L. PopLDdecay: a fast and effective tool for linkage disequilibrium decay analysis based on variant call format files. Bioinformatics, 2019, 35: 1786-1788. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty875 pmid: 30321304
[28]	Yu S Z, Wu J H, Wang M, Shi W M, Xia G M, Jia J Z, Kang Z S, Han D J. Haplotype variations in QTL for salt tolerance in Chinese wheat accessions identified by marker-based and pedigree-based kinship analyses. Crop J, 2020, 8: 1011-1024. doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2020.03.007
[29]	禹海龙, 吴文雪, 裴星旭, 刘晓宇, 邓跟望, 李西臣, 甄士聪, 望俊森, 赵永涛, 许海霞, 等. 小麦茎秆性状的转录组测序及全基因组关联分析. 作物学报, 2024, 50: 2187-2206. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31076
	Yu H L, Wu W X, Pei X X, Liu X Y, Deng G W, Li X C, Zhen S C, Wang J S, Zhao Y T, Xu H X, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide association study of wheat stem traits. Acta Agron Sin, 2024, 50: 2187-2206 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30]	张力岚, 杨军, 王让剑. 茶树橙花叔醇和芳樟醇樱草糖苷含量全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测. 作物学报, 2024, 50: 871-886. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34124
	Zhang L L, Yang J, Wang R J. Genome-wide association study and candidate gene prediction of nerolidol and linalool primeveroside content in tea plants. Acta Agron Sin, 2024, 50: 871-886 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[31]	Pan Y H, Zhu J, Hong Y, Zhang M N, Lyu C, Guo B J, Shen H Q, Xu X, Xu R G. Screening of stable resistant accessions and identification of resistance loci to barley yellow mosaic virus disease. Peer J, 2022, 10: e13128.
[32]	Kang H M, Sul J H, Service S K, Zaitlen N A, Kong S Y, Freimer N B, Sabatti C, Eskin E. Variance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet, 2010, 42: 348-354. doi: 10.1038/ng.548 pmid: 20208533
[33]	Chen C J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Thomas H R, Frank M H, He Y H, Xia R. TBtools: an integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data. Mol Plant, 2020, 13: 1194-1202. doi: S1674-2052(20)30187-8 pmid: 32585190
[34]	Liu J D, He Z H, Rasheed A, Wen W E, Yan J, Zhang P Z, Wan Y X, Zhang Y, Xie C J, Xia X C. Genome-wide association mapping of black point reaction in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Plant Biol, 2017, 17: 220.
[35]	Hao C Y, Wang Y Q, Chao S, Li T, Liu H X, Wang L F, Zhang X Y. The iSelect 9 K SNP analysis revealed polyploidization induced revolutionary changes and intense human selection causing strong haplotype blocks in wheat. Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 41247.
[36]	张锡洲, 吴沂珀, 李廷轩. 不同施氮水平下不同氮利用效率小黑麦植株氮素积累分配特性. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22: 151-158.
	Zhang X Z, Wu Y P, Li T X. Accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in Triticale varieties with different nitrogen utilization efficiencies under different nitrogen application levels. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2014, 22: 151-158 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]	Cui F, Zhao C H, Ding A M, Li J, Wang L, Li X F, Bao Y G, Li J M, Wang H G. Construction of an integrative linkage map and QTL mapping of grain yield-related traits using three related wheat RIL populations. Theor Appl Genet, 2014, 127: 659-675. doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2249-8 pmid: 24326459
[38]	Guo Y, Kong F M, Xu Y F, Zhao Y, Liang X, Wang Y Y, An D G, Li S S. QTL mapping for seedling traits in wheat grown under varying concentrations of N, P and K nutrients. Theor Appl Genet, 2012, 124: 851-865. doi: 10.1007/s00122-011-1749-7 pmid: 22089330
[39]	Habash D Z, Bernard S, Schondelmaier J, Weyen J, Quarrie S A. The genetics of nitrogen use in hexaploid wheat: N utilisation, development and yield. Theor Appl Genet, 2007, 114: 403-419. doi: 10.1007/s00122-006-0429-5 pmid: 17180378
[40]	翟俊鹏, 李海霞, 毕惠惠, 周思远, 罗肖艳, 陈树林, 程西永, 许海霞. 普通小麦主要农艺性状的全基因组关联分析. 作物学报, 2019, 45: 1488-1502. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.91002
	Zhai J P, Li H X, Bi H H, Zhou S Y, Luo X Y, Chen S L, Cheng X Y, Xu H X. Genome-wide association study for main agronomic traits in common wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2019, 45: 1488-1502 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[41]	王脉, 董清峰, 高珅奥, 刘德政, 卢山, 乔朋放, 陈亮, 胡银岗. 小麦苗期根系性状的全基因组关联分析与优异位点挖掘. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56: 801-820. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.05.001
	Wang M, Dong Q F, Gao S A, Liu D Z, Lu S, Qiao P F, Chen L, Hu Y G. Genome-wide association studies and mining for favorable loci of root traits at seedling stage in wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2023, 56: 801-820 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.05.001
[42]	Hong M J, Ko C S, Kim D Y. Genome-wide association study to identify marker-trait associations for seed color in colored wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25: 3600.
[43]	Wang W, Hu B, Li A F, Chu C C. NRT1.1s in plants: functions beyond nitrate transport. J Exp Bot, 2020, 71: 4373-4379. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz554 pmid: 31832669
[44]	Maghiaoui A, Bouguyon E, Cuesta C, Perrine-Walker F, Alcon C, Krouk G, Benková E, Nacry P, Gojon A, Bach L. The Arabidopsis NRT1.1 transceptor coordinately controls auxin biosynthesis and transport to regulate root branching in response to nitrate. J Exp Bot, 2020, 71: 4480-4494. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa242 pmid: 32428238
[45]	Holtan H E, Bandong S, Marion C M, Adam L, Tiwari S, Shen Y, Maloof J N, Maszle D R, Ohto M A, Preuss S, et al. BBX32 an Arabidopsis B-Box protein, functions in light signaling by suppressing HY5-regulated gene expression and interacting with STH2/BBX21. Plant Physiol, 2011, 156: 2109-2123. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.177139 pmid: 21632973
[46]	Gaudinier A, Rodriguez-Medina J, Zhang L F, Olson A, Liseron-Monfils C, Bågman A M, Foret J, Abbitt S, Tang M, Li B H, et al. Transcriptional regulation of nitrogen-associated metabolism and growth. Nature, 2018, 563: 259-264.
[47]	王娟, 兰海燕. GATA转录因子对植物发育和胁迫响应调控的研究进展. 植物生理学报, 2016, 52: 1785-1794.
	Wang J, Lan H Y. Advances in regulation of GATA transcription factor to plant development and stress responses. Plant Physiol J, 2016, 52: 1785-1794 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[48]	Wang P F, Li G Z, Li G W, Yuan S S, Wang C Y, Xie Y X, Guo T C, Kang G Z, Wang D W. TaPHT1;9-4B and its transcriptional regulator TaMYB4-7D contribute to phosphate uptake and plant growth in bread wheat. New Phytol, 2021, 231: 1968-1983. doi: 10.1111/nph.17534 pmid: 34096624
[49]	Chen Z D, Wang J F, Dong D Q, Lou C, Zhang Y, Wang Y X, Yu B, Wang P F, Kang G Z. Comparative analysis of TaPHT1; 9 function using CRISPR-edited mutants, ectopic transgenic plants and their wild types under soil conditions. Plant Soil, 2025, 509: 249-260.
[50]	Wang J F, Chen Z D, Shi H T, Lou C, Fu K X, Wang Y X, Yu B, Guo T C, Wang Y H, Wang P F, et al. Pi-efficient wheat cultivars screened by using both functional marker CAPS-799 and field experiment. Field Crops Res, 2025, 321: 109688.
[51]	Wang H F, Yang B B, Zhao X Y, Chen H L, Liu F, Ru Y T, Wei X R, Fu X F, Guo W W, Li X M, et al. Identification of novel QTL for seedling root architectural traits in the D genome of natural and resynthetic allohexaploid wheat. Agronomy, 2024, 14: 608.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

染色体 Chromosome	SNP数 SNP number	SNP覆盖距离 Coverage distance of SNP (Mb)	标记密度 Density of markers (Mb marker⁻¹)	染色体 Chromosome	SNP数 SNP number	SNP覆盖距离 Coverage distance of SNP (Mb)	标记密度 Density of markers (Mb marker⁻¹)
1A	2060	593.28	0.29	4D	650	509.27	0.78
1B	2103	688.70	0.33	5A	2173	709.19	0.33
1D	1786	495.23	0.28	5B	2225	712.40	0.32
2A	2293	780.76	0.34	5D	1360	564.75	0.42
2B	1959	801.23	0.41	6A	2132	617.99	0.29
2D	1581	650.78	0.41	6B	2085	720.49	0.35
3A	1648	750.47	0.46	6D	1236	473.52	0.38
3B	2201	829.73	0.38	7A	2028	735.46	0.36
3D	1444	615.49	0.43	7B	1918	750.55	0.39
4A	1339	743.32	0.56	7D	1694	636.61	0.38
4B	2300	673.47	0.29	All	38,215	14,052.69	0.37

全基因组关联分析定位与挖掘小麦氮高效基因

Genome-wide association study for the identification and characterization of nitrogen efficiency-related genes in wheat

RichHTML

PDF

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 51

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们

[1]	吴柳格, 陈坚, 张鑫, 邓艾兴, 宋振伟, 郑成岩, 张卫建. 近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.
[2]	文璇, 钟秀丽, 王尚文, 金涛, 彭君, 刘恩科. 基于耐性指数的青稞苗期耐低氮种质筛选及不同氮效率类型综合评价[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1949-1958.
[3]	赵佳雯, 李子洪, 欧星雨, 王伊朗, 丁小飞, 梁乐瑶, 丁文金, 张海鹏, 马尚宇, 樊永惠, 黄正来, 张文静. 氮肥与钾肥运筹对弱筋小麦籽粒产量、品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1914-1933.
[4]	王天译, 杨绣娟, 赵佳佳, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 李晓华, 郝水源, 郑军. 山西小麦醇溶蛋白多样性及其对面粉品质效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1784-1800.
[5]	胡蒙, 沙丹, 张晟瑞, 谷勇哲, 张世碧, 李静, 孙君明, 邱丽娟, 李斌. 大豆分枝数QTL定位及候选基因筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1747-1756.
[6]	陈如雪, 孙丽芳, 张芯源, 牟海萌, 张永新, 袁丽雪, 彭仕乐, 王壮壮, 王永华. 秸秆还田与微生物菌剂配施对冬小麦旗叶碳氮代谢及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[7]	梁红凯, 赵苏蒙, 陆琼, 周鹏, 智慧, 刁现民, 贺强. 谷子微核心种质的构建[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1435-1444.
[8]	吕国锋, 范金平, 吴素兰, 张晓, 赵仁慧, 李曼, 王玲, 高德荣, 别同德, 刘健. 早熟小麦品种扬麦37主要目标性状的遗传构成分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1538-1547.
[9]	吴美娟, 张寅辉, 李元昊, 刘海霞, 黄以琳, 李甜, 刘红霞, 张学勇, 郝晨阳, 郭杰, 侯健. 小麦蔗糖合酶基因TaSUS2调控籽粒淀粉合成及品质的功能研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1514-1525.
[10]	杨思杰, 杜启迪, 柴守玺, 熊宏春, 谢永盾, 赵林姝, 古佳玉, 郭会君, 刘录祥. 小麦小旗叶突变性状基因定位与遗传分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1548-1557.
[11]	赵刚, 张建军, 党翼, 樊廷录, 王磊, 周刚, 王淑英, 李兴茂, 倪胜利, 米文博, 周旭姣, 程万莉, 李尚中. 黄土旱塬区秸秆覆盖量对不同降雨年型土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1643-1653.
[12]	王琼, 邹丹霞, 陈兴运, 张威, 张红梅, 刘晓庆, 贾倩茹, 魏利斌, 崔晓艳, 陈新, 王学军, 陈华涛. 大豆开花时间和成熟期性状全基因组关联分析与候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1558-1568.
[13]	孟祥宇, 刁邓超, 刘雅睿, 李云丽, 孙玉晨, 吴玮, 赵雯, 汪妤, 吴建辉, 李春莲, 曾庆东, 韩德俊, 郑炜君. 小麦新品种西农877高产稳产的遗传特性解析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1261-1276.
[14]	李文佳, 廖泳俊, 黄璐, 鲁清, 李少雄, 陈小平, 金晶炜, 王润风. 花生开花时间的全基因组关联分析及候选基因筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1400-1408.
[15]	张金泽, 周庆国, 肖莉晶, 金海润, 欧阳青静, 龙旭, 晏中彬, 田恩堂. 芥菜型油菜不同组织硫苷含量的QTL定位与候选基因分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(5): 1166-1177.