矮秆基因Rht-D1在长江中下游麦区的育种利用探索

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51010

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 2077-2086.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

矮秆基因Rht-D1在长江中下游麦区的育种利用探索

姜朋^1,*^,²(), 吴磊¹^,², 黄倩楠³, 李畅¹, 王化敦¹^,², 何漪¹^,², 张鹏¹^,², 张旭^1,*^,²^,⁴()

¹JAAS-CIMMYT小麦病害联合研究中心 / 小麦赤霉病研究中心 / 农业农村部淮河下游种质创新重点实验室 / 江苏省农业科学院, 江苏南京 210014
²生物育种钟山实验室, 江苏南京 210014
³伊犁州农业科学研究所, 新疆伊宁 835000
⁴现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2025-01-24 接受日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-08-12 网络出版日期:2025-05-26
通讯作者: *姜朋, E-mail: hmjp2005@163.com;张旭, E-mail: xuzhang@jaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32372186);生物育种钟山实验室项目(ZSBBL-KY2023-02);江苏省国际科技合作项目(BZ2024043);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-57)

Exploring the breeding utilization of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1 in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

JIANG Peng¹^,^2,*(), WU Lei¹^,², HUANG Qian-Nan³, LI Chang¹, WANG Hua-Dun¹^,², HE Yi¹^,², ZHANG Peng¹^,², ZHANG Xu¹^,²^,^4,*()

¹CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases / the Research Center of Wheat Scab / Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing) / Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
²Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
³Yili Institute of Agricultural Science, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
⁴Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-01-24 Accepted:2025-04-27 Published:2025-08-12 Published online:2025-05-26
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372186);Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-02);International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Jiangsu Province(BZ2024043);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03-57)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Rht-B1和Rht-D1基因是世界范围内应用最广泛的矮秆基因。在长期的育种选择中, 我国长江中下游麦区对矮秆基因的选择表现出明显倾向性, 以Rht-B1b变异类型为主。为丰富品种矮秆基因类型, 拓宽遗传基础, 本研究尝试将黄淮麦区的主要矮秆基因变异类型Rht-D1b引入长江中下游麦区小麦品种, 以2个麦区的小麦品种为亲本进行杂交, 在后代中筛选携带不同矮秆基因的品系, 并进行系统的田间表型评价, 为后续育种利用提供理论及材料支持。结果表明, 携带Rht-D1b的品系较携带Rht-B1b的品系在单位面积穗数、株高、穗长、叶片长宽、茎叶夹角等性状上无显著差异, 而其小穗数则显著增加, 是一个可利用的优势性状。但是, 携带Rht-D1b品系的赤霉病病小穗率显著高于携带Rht-B1b的品系, 通过抗赤霉病基因的应用, 携带不同矮秆基因材料的赤霉病抗性均显著提高。本研究明确了将Rht-D1b变异类型应用于长江中下游麦区小麦育种能够增加小穗数, 提升产量潜力, 抗病基因的应用均能够显著提高赤霉病抗性, 同时这些材料也可作为优良抗性亲本应用于黄淮麦区育种工作。

关键词: 小麦, 长江中下游麦区, 矮秆基因, 冬春杂交, 赤霉病

Abstract:

Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 are the most widely utilized dwarfing genes in wheat breeding worldwide. In the long-term breeding practices of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, there has been a clear preference for dwarfing genes, with Rht-B1b being the predominant allele. To diversify dwarfing gene types and broaden the genetic base of local wheat varieties, this study aimed to introduce the major dwarfing allele Rht-D1b—commonly used in the Huang-huai wheat region—into the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Parental lines from both regions were used for hybridization, and progeny carrying different dwarfing genes were selected. Field-based phenotypic evaluations were then conducted to provide theoretical and germplasm support for future breeding efforts. The results showed no significant differences between Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b lines in traits such as spike number per unit area, plant height, spike length, flag leaf length and width, or angles between leaf and stem. However, the lines carrying Rht-D1b exhibited a significantly higher number of spikelets, a favorable trait with potential to enhance yield. On the other hand, Rht-D1b lines showed a markedly higher incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection compared to Rht-B1b lines. Importantly, the incorporation of FHB resistance genes substantially improved FHB resistance in lines with both dwarfing gene types. This study demonstrates that the introduction of Rht-D1b into wheat breeding programs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can effectively increase spikelet number and yield potential. Furthermore, the integration of FHB resistance genes can mitigate associated disease susceptibility. These newly developed lines also have potential as resistant parental materials for use in the Huang-Huai wheat breeding programs.

Key words: wheat, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, dwarfing genes, winter-spring hybridization, Fusarium head blight

姜朋, 吴磊, 黄倩楠, 李畅, 王化敦, 何漪, 张鹏, 张旭. 矮秆基因Rht-D1在长江中下游麦区的育种利用探索[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(8): 2077-2086.

JIANG Peng, WU Lei, HUANG Qian-Nan, LI Chang, WANG Hua-Dun, HE Yi, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Xu. Exploring the breeding utilization of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1 in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2077-2086.

图/表 9

图1

附表1

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附表2

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附表3

部分优异品系的农艺性状与赤霉病抗性表现"

材料编号 No.	组合 Combinations	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area (×10⁶ hm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike (cm)		小穗数 Number of spikelets		穗长Spike length (cm)		旗叶长度Flag leaf length (cm)
Line 1	益科麦5号/扬14-122 Yikemai 5/Yang 14-122	Rht-B1b	6.52	81.75	28.35		18.42		8.21		18.40
Line 2	明麦16/扬辐麦4号 Mingmai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-B1b	6.55	82.50	28.63		17.46		8.50		20.17
Line 3	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	5.58	84.75	30.08		21.63		9.56		21.59
Line 4	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	6.57	87.75	32.19		21.92		9.53		23.07
Line 5	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	7.88	80.00	26.04		17.42		8.13		20.17
Line 6	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	6.14	78.50	26.56		17.67		8.47		21.44
Line 7	BHY12/扬14-163 BHY12/Yang 14-163	Rht-B1b	5.18	86.50	27.69		19.71		9.15		19.91
Line 8	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	6.62	81.75	27.25		16.75		8.06		20.24
Line 9	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	6.05	82.25		28.00		18.46		8.98	21.13
Line 10	周麦35/NY51 Zhoumai 35/NY51	Rht-B1b	6.76	84.25		28.90		17.08		8.69	22.54
材料编号No.	组合 Combination	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm)	茎叶夹角Angles between leaf and stem (°)		Fhb1		QFhb-5A		赤霉病病小穗率Percentage of scabbed spikelets (%)
Line 1	益科麦5号/扬14-122 Yikemai 5/Yang 14-122	Rht-B1b	2.21	36.83		+		+		5.00
Line 2	明麦16/扬辐麦4号 Mingmai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-B1b	2.25	37.13		+		+		22.00
Line 3	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	2.09	27.63		+		+		14.00
Line 4	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	2.16	54.83		+		+		15.00
Line 5	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	2.28	28.46		+		+		23.50
Line 6	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	2.28	40.54		+		+		17.50
Line 7	BHY12/扬14-163 BHY12/Yang 14-163	Rht-B1b	2.22	34.42		+		+		6.50
Line 8	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	2.32	36.46		+		+		22.50
Line 9	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	2.31	58.33		+		+		13.00
Line 10	周麦35/NY51 Zhoumai 35/NY51	Rht-B1b	2.14	26.58		+		+		19.00

附表3

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性状 Trait	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	株高 Plant height	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	小穗数 Number of spikelets	穗长 Spike length	旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem
单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	0.16^*	0.09	0.20^*	-0.39^**	-0.06	0.07	0.14	0.13
株高 Plant height	-0.01	0.59^**	0.51^**	-0.04	-0.02	0.09	-0.12	0.34^**
穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	-0.15	0.41^**	0.67^**	-0.33^**	0.04	0.38^**	0.06	0.38^**
小穗数 Number of spikelets	-0.18^*	0.24^**	-0.12	0.62^**	0.42^**	0.10	-0.06	0.04
穗长 Spike length	-0.24^**	-0.04	0.13	0.21^**	0.51^**	0.10	0.05	0.26^**
旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	-0.18^*	-0.21^**	0.34^**	-0.34^**	0.10	0.46^**	0.31^**	0.26^**
旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	-0.05	-0.27^**	0.11	-0.21^**	0.01	0.53^**	0.61^**	0.09
茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem	-0.18^*	0.14	0.36^**	0.11	0.23^**	0.36^**	0.20^*	0.26^**

项目 Item	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	株高 Plant height	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	小穗数 Number of spikelets	穗长 Spike length	旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem
杂交组合 Combinations	5.87^**	8.62^**	11.77^**	19.21^**	6.89^**	15.09^**	14.29^**	9.52^**
矮秆基因 Dwarfing genes	8.54^**	0.24	0	55.51^**	1.77	2.53	0.01	0.17
生长季 Growing season	25.66^**	1.00	15.00^**	34.98^**	176.75^**	30.66^**	95.32^**	107.21^**
杂交组合×生长季 Combinations × growing season	2.91^**	3.04^**	1.29	3.11^**	1.11	5.31^**	2.03^*	8.04^**
矮秆基因×生长季 Dwarfing genes × growing season	0.80	0.05	1.05	10.77^**	0.81	6.81^**	5.93^*	2.40
杂交组合×矮秆基因 Combinations × dwarfing genes	2.35^**	11.91^**	6.56^**	10.00^**	4.29^**	8.09^**	6.30^**	8.26^**

性状 Trait	生长季 Growing season	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)
单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area (×10⁶ hm^-2)	2023	Rht-B1b	3.70-9.98	6.09	0.92	15.05
	2023	Rht-D1b	3.98-7.40	5.90	0.77	13.05
	2024	Rht-B1b	3.28-9.82	5.67	1.03	18.20
	2024	Rht-D1b	3.45-7.80	5.29	0.96	18.21
株高 Plant height (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	56.00-100.50	83.54	6.71	8.03
	2023	Rht-D1b	72.00-101.50	83.18	6.38	7.67
	2024	Rht-B1b	55.50-98.50	83.83	5.82	6.94
	2024	Rht-D1b	72.50-98.00	83.26	5.64	6.78
穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	17.67-35.92	27.50	2.83	10.28
	2023	Rht-D1b	21.42-38.67	27.66	3.71	13.40
	2024	Rht-B1b	21.83-32.63	28.69	2.12	7.37
	2024	Rht-D1b	20.63-37.04	28.46	3.59	12.63
小穗数 Number of spikelets	2023	Rht-B1b	16.17-23.58	18.95	1.98	10.43
	2023	Rht-D1b	16.67-25.00	20.91	1.99	9.50
	2024	Rht-B1b	15.33-23.83	18.49	1.98	10.73
	2024	Rht-D1b	17.08-23.92	19.80	1.52	7.67
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	7.50-11.84	9.48	0.84	8.82
	2023	Rht-D1b	7.17-11.63	9.55	0.80	8.41
	2024	Rht-B1b	7.08-10.03	8.49	0.60	7.06
	2024	Rht-D1b	7.30-10.12	8.66	0.59	6.84
旗叶长度 Flag leaf length (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	14.00-29.33	22.02	2.58	11.72
	2023	Rht-D1b	13.25-29.88	21.73	3.77	17.34
	2024	Rht-B1b	14.61-24.96	20.22	2.06	10.21
	2024	Rht-D1b	15.55-27.18	21.10	2.78	13.18
旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	1.73-2.57	2.26	0.17	7.68
	2023	Rht-D1b	1.84-2.67	2.22	0.18	7.97
	2024	Rht-B1b	1.65-2.55	2.10	0.14	6.68
	2024	Rht-D1b	1.79-2.53	2.12	0.16	7.34
茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem (°)	2023	Rht-B1b	17.50-49.58	32.94	6.47	19.65
	2023	Rht-D1b	20.00-53.33	33.26	7.84	23.58
	2024	Rht-B1b	21.58-90.00	41.88	17.42	41.59
	2024	Rht-D1b	20.42-90.00	39.97	17.27	43.20

矮秆基因Rht-D1在长江中下游麦区的育种利用探索

Exploring the breeding utilization of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1 in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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序号 No.	组合 Combinations	携带Rht-B1b的数量 Number of the lines carrying Rht-B1b	携带Rht-D1b的数量 Number of the lines carrying Rht-D1b
1	瑞华麦521/扬麦23 Ruihuamai 521/Yangmai 23	8	2
2	益科麦5号/扬14-122 Yikemai 5/Yang 14-122	5	5
3	瑞华麦521/扬麦16 Ruihuamai 521/Yangmai 16	4	2
4	瑞华麦521/扬14-163 Ruihuamai 521/Yang 14-163	3	11
5	明麦16/扬辐麦4号 Mingmai 16/Yangfumai 4	4	4
6	明麦16/扬麦158 Mingmai 16/Yangmai 158	1	2
7	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	5	3
8	周麦16/NY64 Zhoumai 16/NY64	2	2
9	周麦16/扬14-163 Zhoumai 16/Yang 14-163	6	6
10	周麦30/扬14-163 Zhoumai 30/Yang 14-163	5	4
11	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	7	4
12	BHY12/扬14-163 BHY12/Yang 14-163	11	8
13	益科麦5号/扬13-68 Yikemai 5/Yang 13-68	5	1
14	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	11	3
15	周麦35/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 35/Yangfumai 4	4	1
16	周麦35/镇麦168 Zhoumai 35/Zhenmai 168	1	2
17	周麦35/NY51 Zhoumai 35/NY51	8	5

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