有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33038

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 1053-1064.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33038

有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

娄菲¹(), 左怿平¹, 李萌¹, 代鑫萌¹, 王健¹, 韩金玲¹, 吴舒³, 李向岭¹^,^*(), 段会军²^,^*()

¹河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院 / 河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室, 河北秦皇岛 066004
²河北农业大学农学院 / 华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北保定 071001
³河北环境工程学院 / 河北省农业生态安全重点实验室, 河北秦皇岛 066102

收稿日期:2023-06-09 接受日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-04-12 网络出版日期:2023-09-27
通讯作者: * 李向岭, E-mail: ncqyfz2008@126.com;段会军, E-mail: hjduan@hebau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: lff19980817@163.com
基金资助:
河北省特色专业玉米新品种选育基金项目(21326319D-16);河北省现代农业产业技术体系玉米产业创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023010410)

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, quality, and nitrogen efficiency of waxy maize

LOU Fei¹(), ZUO Yi-Ping¹, LI Meng¹, DAI Xin-Meng¹, WANG Jian¹, HAN Jin-Ling¹, WU Shu³, LI Xiang-Ling¹^,^*(), DUAN Hui-Jun²^,^*()

¹College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
²College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
³Hebei University of Environmental Engineering / Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, Hebei, China

Received:2023-06-09 Accepted:2023-09-13 Published:2024-04-12 Published online:2023-09-27
Contact: * E-mail: ncqyfz2008@126.com; E-mail: hjduan@hebau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Special Specialty Corn New Bariety Breeding Fund Project of Hebei Province(21326319D-16);Construction Project of Maize Industry Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Technology System in Hebei Province(HBCT2023010410)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响, 探索糯玉米生产中有机肥与化肥的最佳配施比例, 为河北省鲜食糯玉米优质栽培提供理论依据。2021和2022年设置田间试验, 以糯玉米品种斯达糯41为试验材料, 采用随机区组设计, 设置不施氮(T1)、常量化肥氮(T2)、有机肥替代20%化肥氮(T3)、有机肥替代40%化肥氮(T4)、有机肥替代60%化肥氮(T5)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(T6)共6个处理。结果表明, 与T2处理相比, T3、T4和T5处理提高了糯玉米鲜果穗产量, 分别增加3.08%、13.61%、3.20%; T3~T6处理下氮素利用效率降低, T3、T4和T5处理氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率增加。与T2处理相比, T3~T5处理提高了糯玉米外观和品尝品质评分, 其中T4处理总评分最高, 这主要是因为有机肥替代部分化肥氮增加了籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉含量, 降低了籽粒蛋白质和可溶性糖含量, 同时改善了籽粒质构特性, 籽粒硬度、弹性和咀嚼性增加, 内聚性降低。综上所述, 在总施氮量为180 kg hm^-2条件下, 有机肥替代部分化肥氮的比例为总施氮量40%时可以实现糯玉米鲜果穗产量和品质的协同提高。

关键词: 糯玉米, 有机肥, 产量, 氮效率, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer substitution of some chemical fertilizers on ear yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization of fresh waxy maize, and to explore the optimum organic fertilizer substitution ratio for chemical fertilizer in waxy maize production, which can provide the theoretical basis for the high-quality cultivation of fresh waxy maize in Hebei Plain. The field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 using the waxy maize variety Sidanuo 41 as the experimental material. A randomized zonal experimental design was used to set up 6 treatments: no nitrogen application (T1), quantitative fertilizer nitrogen (T2), organic fertilizer substituting 20% chemical fertilizer nitrogen (T3), organic fertilizer substituting 40% chemical fertilizer nitrogen (T4), organic fertilizer substituting 60% chemical fertilizer nitrogen (T5), and organic fertilizer substituting 100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen (T6). The results showed that substituting of T3, T4, T5 treatments with commercial organic fertilizer increased fresh ears yield of waxy maize, increased by 3.08%, 13.61%, and 3.20%, respectively. Compared with T2 treatment, nitrogen use efficiency treatment with T3-T6 were decreased, the partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of T3-T5 treatments were significantly increased. The appearance and tasting quality scores of waxy maize under the substituting of commercial organic fertilizer were higher than T2 treatment, and the total score of T4 treatment was the highest, mainly because the substituting some chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer increased the total starch and pullulan content of grain, reduced the content of grain protein and soluble sugar, and improved grain texture characteristics, increased grain hardness, elasticity and chewiness, and decreased cohesion. In conclusion, under the condition of a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm^-2, the substituting 40% chemical fertilizer nitrogen (T4) with organic fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of fresh ears of waxy maize.

Key words: waxy maize, organic fertilizer, yield, nitrogen efficiency, quality

娄菲, 左怿平, 李萌, 代鑫萌, 王健, 韩金玲, 吴舒, 李向岭, 段会军. 有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(4): 1053-1064.

LOU Fei, ZUO Yi-Ping, LI Meng, DAI Xin-Meng, WANG Jian, HAN Jin-Ling, WU Shu, LI Xiang-Ling, DUAN Hui-Jun. Effects of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, quality, and nitrogen efficiency of waxy maize[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(4): 1053-1064.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素利用率 NUE (kg kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN (kg kg^-1)	氮素农学效率 AEN (kg kg^-1)
2021	T1	—	—	—
	T2	65.21 a	63.99 bc	25.28 bc
	T3	55.24 b	65.97 b	27.26 b
	T4	49.37 b	72.70 a	33.99 a
	T5	50.24 b	66.04 b	27.33 b
	T6	21.35 c	58.64 c	20.50 c
2022	T1	—	—	—
	T2	66.03 a	63.06 c	25.36 b
	T3	62.56 b	71.84 ab	28.20 a
	T4	48.28 b	73.17 a	30.33 a
	T5	54.17 b	71.04 ab	30.86 a
	T6	14.09 c	56.67 d	15.43 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	外观 Appearance	气味 Smell	色泽 Color and luster	糯性 Waxy	风味 Special flavor	柔嫩性 Tenderness	果皮厚薄 Thickness of peel	总分 Total score
2021	T1	24.9 b	5.0 a	5.9 b	14.8 b	7.7 b	8.4 a	14.8 b	80.3 b
	T2	26.8 b	5.1 a	5.9 b	14.7 b	7.7 b	8.0 a	15.3 b	82.4 b
	T3	27.2 a	5.5 a	6.4 a	15.1 a	8.1 a	8.8 a	15.9 ab	85.9 ab
	T4	26.8 b	5.7 a	6.5 a	15.8 a	8.7 a	8.6 a	16.3 a	87.1 a
	T5	28.3 a	5.5 a	6.5 a	15.6 a	8.5 a	8.2 a	15.5 b	86.9 a
	T6	26.5 b	5.1 a	5.8 a	15.3 a	8.1 a	8.3 a	15.5 b	83.4 b
2022	T1	26.0 b	6.0 a	6.3 a	14.3 b	8.0 b	8.7 a	16.3 ab	85.7 bc
	T2	26.0 b	5.7 a	6.3 a	15.3 b	8.7 ab	8.3 b	16.0 ab	86.3 b
	T3	27.0 a	6.0 ab	5.7 b	16.0 a	9.0 a	8.0 b	16.7 ab	88.3 b
	T4	27.0 a	6.3 a	6.0 a	16.3 a	9.0 a	9.0 a	17.0 a	90.7 a
	T5	27.3 a	5.7 a	5.7 b	16.0 a	8.3 b	8.0 b	15.0 b	86.0 b
	T6	26.0 b	6.3 a	6.3 a	15.7 ab	8.3 b	8.3 b	14.3 b	85.3 bc

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein	可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar	蔗糖含量 Sucrose	可溶性淀粉含量 Soluble starch	直链淀粉含量 Amylose	支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin
2021	T1	9.88 d	10.10 b	3.39 c	50.09 b	0.83 a	49.26 b
	T2	12.75 b	10.72 b	3.93 c	50.28 b	1.22 a	49.05 b
	T3	14.00 a	11.34 a	4.14 b	53.71 ab	1.47 a	52.24 ab
	T4	10.94 c	11.64 a	4.64 a	57.93 a	0.83 a	57.09 a
	T5	10.31 c	11.31 a	4.25 ab	54.66 ab	1.08 a	53.58 a
	T6	10.38 c	11.06 ab	4.03 b	51.62 b	1.05 a	50.57 b
2022	T1	9.81 c	11.04 b	4.58 b	44.64 bc	0.83	43.81 c
	T2	13.25 b	11.80 b	5.21 ab	47.99 b	0.50	47.49b
	T3	15.25 a	12.28 a	5.61 a	49.81 b	0.80	49.00b
	T4	13.13 b	12.62 a	5.76 a	55.31 a	0.61	54.70 a
	T5	13.31 b	12.21 a	5.52 ab	52.63 ab	0.78	51.85 ab
	T6	9.88 c	12.11 ab	5.38 ab	52.21 ab	1.03	51.18 ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	硬度 Hardness	内聚性 Cohesion	弹性 Flexibility	胶黏性 Stickiness	咀嚼性 Chewability
2021	T1	3.74 b	0.36 ab	4.01 b	1.13 a	4.20 ab
	T2	4.33 ab	0.43 a	3.96 b	1.16 a	3.72 b
	T3	4.65 ab	0.32 ab	4.47 ab	1.29 a	5.20 a
	T4	5.09 a	0.37 ab	4.83 a	1.27 a	5.63 a
	T5	3.97 b	0.29 b	4.62 a	1.21 a	4.95 ab
	T6	4.18 ab	0.43 a	4.22 ab	1.31 a	4.33 ab
2022	T1	4.23 b	0.27 b	4.95 b	1.33 ab	5.17 b
	T2	5.36 a	0.38 ab	4.53 b	1.20 ab	5.65 b
	T3	5.21 a	0.41 a	4.91 b	1.42 ab	5.73 b
	T4	5.09 ab	0.34 b	5.77 a	1.72 a	6.72 a
	T5	4.95 ab	0.26 b	5.37 ab	1.68 a	5.89 b
	T6	4.45 b	0.27 b	5.07 b	1.29 ab	5.49 b

有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, quality, and nitrogen efficiency of waxy maize

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