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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 174-188.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.32055

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

干湿交替灌溉与植物生长调节剂对水稻光合特性及内源激素的影响

赵黎明1,*(), 段绍彪1, 项洪涛2, 郑殿峰1,*(), 冯乃杰1, 沈雪峰1   

  1. 1广东海洋大学滨海农业学院, 广东湛江 524088
    2黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院绥化分院, 黑龙江绥化 152054
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14 接受日期:2024-08-15 出版日期:2025-01-12 网络出版日期:2024-09-02
  • 通讯作者: *赵黎明, E-mail: nkzlm@126.com; 郑殿峰, E-mail: gdouzdffnj@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302052010);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B0402)

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and plant growth regulators on photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones of rice

ZHAO Li-Ming1,*(), DUAN Shao-Biao1, XIANG Hong-Tao2, ZHENG Dian-Feng1,*(), FENG Nai-Jie1, SHEN Xue-Feng1   

  1. 1College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
    2Suihua Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua 152054, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2023-12-14 Accepted:2024-08-15 Published:2025-01-12 Published online:2024-09-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: nkzlm@126.com; E-mail: gdouzdffnj@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Program for Scientific Research Start-Upfunds of Guangdong Ocean University(060302052010);National 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Support Plan Project(2012BAD20B0402)

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摘要：

为探明干湿交替灌溉与植物生长调节剂(plant growth regulators, PGRs)对水稻光合特性、内源激素及产量的影响。采用盆栽与大田相结合方式, 以龙粳31为试验材料, 设置轻干湿交替灌溉(MI)和重干湿交替灌溉(HI) 2种灌溉处理, 于分蘖盛期和剑叶展叶期喷施已酸二乙氨基乙醇酯(diethyl aminoethyl caproate, DA)、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-benzylaminoadenine, BA)和BA (分蘖盛期)+DA (剑叶展叶期) 3种PGRs, 并设置清水对照, 探究干湿交替灌溉、PGRs及互作下干物质积累、光合特性、内源激素及产量差异。结果表明, 与HI相比, MI显著增加了抽穗后叶面积、叶面积指数、SPAD值及净光合速率, 提高了剑叶与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量, 降低了ABA含量, 增加了干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力, 并在改善节间性状基础上增加了结实率、每穗粒数及粒重, 增产5.30% (盆栽)和5.11% (大田)。与CK相比, 喷施BA+DA显著提高了抽穗后剑叶净光合速率、干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力, 提高了剑叶与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量, 增加了千粒重、结实率、收获指数、每穗粒数和粒重, 增产6.60% (盆栽)和6.05% (大田), 其次是BA。干湿交替灌溉与PGRs互作对叶面积指数、内源激素含量、每穗粒数及千粒重存在显著影响, 其中MI×(BA+DA)处理更有助于维持抽穗后绿叶功能持续期, 提高叶片SPAD值、叶面积、叶面积指数和净光合速率, 增强干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力, 提高叶片与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量, 促进同化物向籽粒输出, 并在稳定穗数基础上增加了千粒重、每穗粒数和粒重, 提高了结实率和收获指数, 实现产量较其他处理及CK增幅3.17%~12.57% (盆栽)和3.14%~11.55% (大田), 而HI×(BA+DA)处理可实现MI×CK产量效果。综上所述, 干湿交替灌溉配合喷施BA+DA可作为本区域水稻高产高效生产环节中的一种节水化控栽培组合措施。

关键词: 水稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 植物生长调节剂, 光合特性, 内源激素, 产量

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormones, and yield of rice. Pot and field experiments were conducted using Longjing 31 as the experimental material. Two irrigation treatments were set up: moderate alternative wetting and drying irrigation (MI) and heavy alternating wetting and drying irrigation (HI). The effects of these irrigation treatments on yield formation and photosynthetic characteristics of rice were examined. Additionally, three PGRs—diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA), 6-benzylaminoadenine (BA), and BA + DA—were sprayed at the full tillering stage and sword leaf expansion stage to analyze their effects on photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones of rice post-heading. Differences in dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormones, and yield under alternate wetting and drying irrigation, PGRs, and their interactions were studied. The results showed that MI significantly increased leaf area, leaf area index, SPAD value, and net photosynthetic rate. It also increased the contents of IAA, GA3, and ZR in flag leaves and grains, decreased ABA content, and enhanced dry matter accumulation and stem-sheath matter transport capacity. Consequently, MI improved internode characteristics, seed setting rate, grain number, and weight per panicle, resulting in an actual yield increase of 5.30% (Pot) and 5.11% (Field) compared to HI. In terms of plant growth regulators, BA+DA significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of flag leaves post-heading. It also increased dry matter accumulation, stem-sheath matter transport capacity, and the contents of IAA, GA3, and ZR in flag leaves and grains. This led to increases in 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, harvest index, grain number per panicle, and grain weight per panicle, boosting yield by 6.60% (Pot) and 6.05% (Field), followed by BA, compared to CK. The interaction of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and PGRs had significant effects on leaf area index, endogenous hormone content, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. Notably, the MI×(BA+DA) treatment was more effective in maintaining the functional duration of green leaves post-heading, increasing leaf SPAD value, leaf area, leaf area index, and net photosynthetic rate. It also enhanced dry matter accumulation, stem-sheath matter transport, and the contents of IAA, GA3, and ZR in leaves and grains, promoting the export of assimilates to grains. This treatment, on the basis of stable panicle number, improved 1000-grain weight, grain number and grain weight per panicle, seed setting rate, and harvest index. Compared to other treatments and CK, it achieved a yield increase of 3.17%-12.57% (Pot) and 3.14%-11.55% (Field). However, HI×(BA+DA) could achieve the yield effect of MI×CK. These results indicate that alternate wetting and drying irrigation combined with spraying BA+DA can be used as a water-saving chemical control cultivation measure for high-yield and high-efficiency rice production in this region.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, plant growth regulators, photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormones, yield

表1

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对水稻产量及其构成的影响"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number		 每穗粒数
Grain number per panicle		 每穗粒重
Grain weight per panicle (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 产量
Yield
盆栽 Pot
(pot−1)		 大田 Field
(m−2)		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽 Pot
(g pot−1)		 大田 Field
(kg hm−2)
MI DA 49.3 a 542.3 a 69.03 c 78.41 c 1.64 ab 1.91 b 91.25 ab 94.15 b 26.01 a 25.80 a 0.582 a 0.591 ab 80.50 b 10,340.94 b
BA 50.3 a 551.7 a 70.41 a 80.83 a 1.61 b 1.87 c 89.35 c 82.34 c 25.61 b 25.11 b 0.571 a 0.586 b 81.15 b 10,298.45 b
BA+DA 49.5 a 547.9 a 69.47 bc 79.47 b 1.69 a 1.95 a 92.55 a 95.69 a 26.26 a 25.70 a 0.582 a 0.598 a 83.72 a 10,665.84 a
CK 49.3 a 545.6 a 69.73 b 78.72 bc 1.60 b 1.85 c 90.24 bc 93.17 bc 25.44 b 25.29 b 0.580 a 0.585 b 78.89 b 10,111.80 c
HI DA 49.1 a 543.0 a 67.01 b 75.69 bc 1.57 ab 1.82 b 88.65 a 92.69 a 26.40 a 26.04 b 0.570 ab 0.583 a 76.65 b 9882.65 b
BA 50.0 a 545.3 a 67.93 a 76.37 ab 1.55 b 1.79 bc 86.58 b 89.62 c 26.23 a 26.12 b 0.567 b 0.577 ab 77.23 ab 9760.92 b
BA+DA 49.2 a 542.4 a 68.50 a 76.80 a 1.62 a 1.88 a 89.09 a 92.26 a 26.57 a 26.67 a 0.575 a 0.586 a 79.67 a 10,197.17 a
CK 49.0 a 539.2 a 67.12 b 75.27 c 1.53 b 1.77 c 87.39 ab 90.97 a 26.54 a 25.86 b 0.571 ab 0.569 b 74.37 b 9561.86 c
MI 49.6 a 546.9 a 69.17 a 79.34 a 1.64 a 1.89 a 90.85 a 93.84 a 25.83 b 25.48 b 0.579 a 0.590 a 81.06 a 10,354.27 a
HI 49.3 a 542.5 a 67.64 b 76.03 b 1.57 b 1.82 b 87.93 b 91.38 b 26.46 a 26.17 a 0.571 a 0.579 b 76.98 b 9850.65 b
DA 49.2 a 542.7 a 68.02 b 77.05 b 1.60 b 1.86 b 89.95 ab 93.42 a 26.20 ab 25.92 b 0.576 a 0.587 ab 78.58 b 10,111.79 b
BA 50.1 a 548.5 a 69.17 a 78.60 a 1.58 b 1.83 c 87.92 c 90.98 c 25.97 b 25.62 c 0.569 a 0.582 b 79.19 ab 10,029.68 b
BA+DA 49.3 a 545.2 a 68.98 a 78.13 a 1.65 a 1.91 a 90.82 a 93.98 a 26.42 a 26.18 a 0.579 a 0.592 a 81.69 a 10,431.50 a
CK 49.1 a 542.4 a 68.42 b 76.98 b 1.57 b 1.81 c 87.96 c 90.07 b 25.99 b 25.58 c 0.576 a 0.577 b 76.63 b 9836.85 c
AWI 0.82ns 2.25ns 40.77* 103.47** 26.53** 50.45** 33.69** 681.47** 26.27** 56.93** 2.15ns 7.82* 35.07** 71.63*
PGRs 1.97ns 0.57ns 1.92ns 9.19** 4.90** 26.07** 6.37** 19.32** 3.34* 12.70** 1.39ns 9.17* 6.81* 27.40**
AWI×PGRs 0.03ns 0.17ns 6.03* 4.55* 1.02ns 0.24ns 0.14ns 1.82ns 3.29* 5.18* 1.02ns 0.59ns 2.04ns 0.24ns

表2

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对水稻农艺性状的影响"

处理
Treatment		 株高Plant height (cm) 穗长Spike length (cm) 节间长Internode length (cm)
盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field		 盆栽
Pot		 大田
Field
MI DA 86.1 b 92.4 a 15.3 a 15.3 a 68.8 a 73.5 ab
BA 86.7 b 94.3 a 15.5 a 15.8 a 69.4 a 74.5 a
BA+DA 89.0 a 93.5 a 15.8 a 15.4 a 71.0 a 74.2 ab
CK 86.5 b 92.3 a 15.3 a 15.2 a 68.5 a 73.1 b
HI DA 82.2 a 89.3 b 15.4 a 15.2 a 64.3 a 70.6 bc
BA 83.2 a 91.9 a 15.5 a 15.3 a 66.1 a 72.8 a
BA+DA 83.9 a 91.7 a 16.0 a 15.2 a 65.8 a 71.6 ab
CK 81.9 a 88.2 b 15.4 a 15.1 a 64.5 a 69.8 c
MI 87.1 a 93.1 a 15.6 a 15.4 a 69.4 a 73.8 a
HI 82.8 b 90.3 b 15.4 a 15.2 a 65.2 b 71.2 b
DA 84.2 a 90.8 bc 15.3 a 15.2 a 66.6 a 72.1 bc
BA 85.0 a 93.1 a 15.5 a 15.6 a 67.8 a 73.6 a
BA+DA 86.4 a 92.5 ab 15.8 a 15.3 a 68.4 a 72.9 ab
CK 84.2 a 90.3 c 15.3 a 15.2 a 66.5 a 71.4 c
AWI 40.61** 129.96** 0.71ns 3.99ns 19.43* 19.88*
PGRs 2.44ns 4.46* 0.74ns 0.79ns 0.76ns 6.85*
AWI×PGRs 0.28ns 0.71ns 0.04ns 0.12ns 0.14ns 0.86ns

表3

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对干物质积累及茎鞘物质转化的影响"

处理
Treatment		 盆栽 Pot 大田 Field
抽穗期生物量
Heading stage
biomass
(g pot-1)		 蜡熟期生物量
Waxy stage
biomass
(g pot-1)		 抽穗期
Heading stage (t hm-2)		 蜡熟期
Waxy stage (t hm-2)		 输出量
Exportation
(t hm-2)		 输出率
Export
rate (%)		 转化率
Translocation
rate (%)
茎鞘干物质
Dry matter of
stem and sheath		 生物量
Biomass		 茎鞘干物质
Dry matter of
stem and sheath		 生物量
Biomass
MI DA 69.64 c 108.35 b 5.88 b 14.90 b 4.32 bc 16.95 bc 1.57 b 26.97 bc 19.35 bc
BA 76.94 a 118.65 a 6.46 a 15.86 a 4.62 a 17.52 ab 1.84 a 28.53 ab 20.17 b
BA+DA 75.11 b 115.90 a 6.38 a 15.45 a 4.47 ab 17.86 a 1.92 a 29.95 a 21.80 a
CK 68.55 c 107.59 b 5.64 b 14.76 b 4.19 c 16.57 c 1.46 b 26.49 c 18.52 c
HI DA 64.83 b 96.77 b 5.01 b 13.55 b 3.62 b 14.47 b 1.39 b 26.68 ab 18.60 ab
BA 68.90 a 106.74 a 5.31 a 14.42 a 3.90 a 15.76 a 1.42 b 27.16 ab 18.22 ab
BA+DA 69.23 a 108.53 a 5.44 b 14.24 a 3.88 a 15.86 a 1.56 a 28.26 a 19.22 a
CK 63.83 b 94.23 b 5.94 b 13.55 b 3.61 b 14.33 b 1.33 b 25.55 b 17.71 b
MI 72.56 a 112.62 a 6.09 a 15.25 a 4.40 a 17.22 a 1.69 a 27.99 a 19.96 a
HI 66.70 b 101.57 b 5.18 b 13.94 b 3.75 b 15.11 b 1.42 b 26.91 a 18.44 b
DA 67.23 b 102.56 b 5.44 b 14.23 b 3.97 b 15.71 b 1.48 c 26.83 bc 18.98 bc
BA 72.92 a 112.70 a 5.89 a 15.14 a 4.26 a 16.64 a 1.63 b 27.84 ab 19.20 b
BA+DA 72.17 a 112.22 a 5.91 a 14.85 a 4.18 a 16.86 a 1.74 a 29.10 a 20.51 a
CK 66.19 b 100.91 b 5.29 b 14.15 b 3.90 b 15.45 b 1.39 c 26.02 c 18.12 c
AWI 171.42** 30.97* 55.93* 60.44* 27.66* 134.83** 415.37** 2.63ns 26.98*
PGRs 54.03** 8.88** 17.28** 9.42* 12.75* 11.27* 21.85** 8.08** 11.51**
AWI×PGRs 2.77ns 0.38ns 1.48ns 0.13ns 0.60ns 0.56ns 4.60* 0.42ns 2.37ns

表4

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对盆栽水稻叶片SPAD值的影响"

处理
Treatment		 剑叶展开后天数 Days after the sword leaf unfolds (d)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
MI DA 43.31 b 44.97 c 44.03 b 42.00 b 36.10 c 32.30 b 29.37 c 27.20 c 17.83 b 13.10 b
BA 45.87 a 46.76 a 46.53 a 45.33 a 42.07 a 38.93 a 33.97 a 29.50 a 22.13 a 16.77 a
BA+DA 45.27 a 45.81 b 46.07 a 44.77 a 41.03 b 38.10 a 32.13 b 28.33 b 21.67 a 16.34 a
CK 43.18 b 43.57 d 43.78 b 40.27 c 36.12 c 31.37 b 26.80 d 25.32 d 16.70 c 11.90 c
HI DA 42.31 b 43.64 b 43.40 c 40.33 c 35.30 c 31.32 c 26.73 b 19.43 b 11.97 c 9.67 c
BA 44.80 a 45.70 a 45.43 a 44.57 a 41.46 a 36.78 a 30.60 a 25.30 a 19.47 a 14.83 a
BA+DA 43.97 a 45.64 a 44.77 b 43.67 b 39.97 b 34.70 b 29.71 a 25.23 a 17.50 b 12.13 b
CK 41.71 b 42.89 c 42.67 d 39.63 d 34.70 c 30.21 c 25.60 c 19.27 b 11.40 c 8.93 c
MI 44.41 a 45.27 a 45.11 a 43.09 a 38.83 a 35.18 a 30.57 a 27.59 a 19.58 a 14.53 a
HI 43.21 a 44.48 a 44.07 a 42.05 a 37.86 a 33.24 b 28.16 b 22.31 b 15.08 b 11.39 b
DA 42.82 b 44.32 c 43.72 c 41.17 c 35.71 c 31.80 c 28.05 c 23.32 c 14.90 b 11.38 c
BA 45.33 a 46.23 a 45.98 a 44.95 a 41.77 a 37.85 a 32.28 a 27.40 a 20.80 a 15.80 a
BA+DA 44.62 a 45.72 b 45.42 b 44.22 b 40.50 b 36.40 b 30.92 b 26.78 b 19.58 a 14.23 b
CK 42.47 b 43.23 d 43.23 c 39.95 d 35.42 c 30.78 c 26.20 d 22.30 d 14.05 b 10.42 d
AWI 3.02ns 1.78ns 3.56* 3.39* 3.77* 57.74* 46.08* 167.48** 191.72** 52.05*
PGRs 30.39** 87.60** 56.74** 205.52** 269.03** 352.76** 100.61** 203.72** 108.25** 116.72**
AWI×PGRs 0.20ns 2.91ns 0.67ns 1.90ns 0.82ns 9.08** 3.95* 34.01** 4.79* 0.03ns

表5

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对水稻叶片光合指标的影响"

处理
Treatment		 盆栽 Pot 大田 Field
叶面积Leaf area (m2 pot-1) 叶面积指数Leaf area index SPAD值SPAD value
抽穗期
Heading stage		 蜡熟期
Waxy stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 蜡熟期
Waxy stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 蜡熟期
Waxy stage
MI DA 0.318 b 0.218 b 4.92 b 2.67 c 50.27 b 44.52 b
BA 0.340 a 0.238 a 5.01 a 2.93 a 51.28 ab 46.50 a
BA+DA 0.336 a 0.230 a 5.00 a 2.88 b 52.10 a 45.57 ab
CK 0.311 b 0.214 b 4.81 c 2.66 c 49.87 b 43.81 b
HI DA 0.303 a 0.199 c 4.74 c 2.53 b 48.70 b 40.23 a
BA 0.312 a 0.211 b 4.83 b 2.70 a 50.73 a 41.37 a
BA+DA 0.312 a 0.224 a 4.91 a 2.75 a 50.17 ab 41.27 a
CK 0.292 b 0.190 c 4.70 c 2.51 b 48.43 b 39.90 a
MI 0.326 a 0.225 a 4.94 a 2.78 a 50.88 a 45.10 a
HI 0.304 b 0.206 b 4.79 b 2.62 b 49.51 b 40.69 b
DA 0.311 b 0.209 b 4.83 b 2.60 b 49.48 b 42.38 ab
BA 0.326 a 0.225 a 4.92 a 2.81 a 51.01 a 43.93 a
BA+DA 0.324 a 0.227 a 4.95 a 2.81 a 51.13 a 43.42 ab
CK 0.301 c 0.202 b 4.76 c 2.58 b 49.15 b 41.86 b
AWI 60.61* 222.70** 7.33* 10.12* 9.98* 97.92*
PGRs 26.67** 19.75** 66.08** 9.32** 5.03* 3.09ns
AWI×PGRs 1.82ns 2.71ns 3.72* 13.19** 0.41ns 0.23ns

图1

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对水稻剑叶光合参数的影响 处理同表1。FT: 灌浆期; MT: 乳熟期; WT: 蜡熟期。*和**表示分别在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。"

图2

干湿交替灌溉与PGRs对水稻内源激素含量的影响 处理同表1。FT: 灌浆期; MT: 乳熟期; WT: 蜡熟期。*和**表示分别在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。"

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