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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 3005-3012.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55021

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同海拔生态区花生含油量和蔗糖含量的差异及蔗糖含量关联分析

郭建斌1(), 原小燕2, 符明联2, 陈伟刚1, 罗怀勇1, 刘念1, 黄莉1, 周小静1, 姜慧芳1, 廖伯寿1, 雷永1,*()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 / 农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430062
    2 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 云南昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-11-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-14
  • 通讯作者: *雷永, E-mail: leiyong@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: guojianbin1990@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1200201);农作物种质资源保护项目(19210163);湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B00305);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13-Germplasm Resource Evaluation)

Differences in oil and sucrose content of peanuts in ecological regions at different altitudes and association study of sucrose content

GUO Jian-Bin1(), YUAN Xiao-Yan2, FU Ming-Lian2, CHEN Wei-Gang1, LUO Huai-Yong1, LIU Nian1, HUANG Li1, ZHOU Xiao-Jing1, JIANG Hui-Fang1, LIAO Bo-Shou1, LEI Yong1,*()   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2 Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-11-12 Published online:2025-07-14
  • Contact: *E-mail: leiyong@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200201);National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163);Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province(HBZY2023B00305);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13-Germplasm Resource Evaluation)

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摘要：

含油量、蔗糖含量分别是油用型、食用型花生最为关键的品质性状。高海拔冷凉地区是扩大花生种植面积, 提升花生产能的重要途径。为探究不同海拔生态区对花生含油量和蔗糖含量的影响, 本研究在低海拔地区的武汉和高海拔地区的昆明2个环境下, 连续2年分别种植404份花生资源材料, 并对含油量和蔗糖含量进行测定分析。结果表明, 高海拔地区种植的花生含油量降低、蔗糖含量升高, 且蔗糖含量升高幅度(205.26%)远大于含油量降低幅度(2.37%)。通过比较分析, 在低海拔武汉种植条件下, 所有材料的含糖量均低于5% (高糖标准), 仅有3份材料在高、低海拔条件下表现为高油或接近高油(含油量≥55%), 可作为高海拔地区油用型品种培育的优良亲本。不同类型和不同籽粒大小材料的含油量和蔗糖含量受不同海拔生态区的影响不同, 大粒材料的含油量、蔗糖含量受海拔生态区的影响大于小粒材料。此外, 对292份材料的蔗糖含量进行了关联分析, 共检测到4个与蔗糖含量极显著关联的SSR标记, 解释5.85%~7.68%的表型变异, 分别位于A09、B01、B05和B09染色体上。与前期含油量关联分析结果进行比较, 发现与含油量显著关联的标记pPGPseq8D9也位于A09染色体上, 但位置不同, 分别位于A09染色体的10.45 Mb和119.60 Mb处。海拔影响含油量、蔗糖含量等主要品质指标, 因此生产上要重视高海拔生态区对花生含油量和蔗糖含量的影响。高海拔地区是发展食用型花生的优势区域, 种植的花生蔗糖含量大幅度提高, 但高海拔地区发展油用型花生应重点选择稳定高油的品种以减少高海拔生态区对含油量的影响。

关键词: 花生, 海拔, 含油量, 蔗糖含量, 关联分析

Abstract:

Oil content and sucrose content are the most important quality traits for oil-use and edible peanuts, respectively. Cultivating peanuts in high-altitude, cooler regions is an important strategy to expand planting areas and enhance production capacity. To investigate the effects of altitude on peanut oil and sucrose contents, a total of 404 peanut germplasms were planted in Wuhan and Kunming over two consecutive years, and their oil and sucrose contents were measured. The results showed that peanuts grown in high-altitude regions had decreased oil content and increased sucrose content, with the increase in sucrose being much greater than the reduction in oil. Comparative analysis revealed that no accessions with high sucrose content (> 5%) were found in the Wuhan environment, while only three accessions showed stable and high oil content across both altitudes, indicating their potential as elite parents for breeding oil-use varieties adapted to high-altitude regions. The effects of altitude on oil and sucrose contents varied among accessions with different botanical types and seed sizes, with large-seeded accessions being more sensitive to altitude-related ecological factors than small-seeded ones. Additionally, an association study for sucrose content identified four significant SSR markers, explaining 5.85%-7.68% of the phenotypic variation, located on chromosomes A09, B01, B05, and B09. Notably, when compared with our previous oil content association study, the marker pPGPseq8D9, significantly associated with oil content, was also located on chromosome A09, though at a different position 10.45 Mb for sucrose and 119.60 Mb for oil. These findings highlight that altitude significantly affects key quality traits such as oil and sucrose content. Therefore, the influence of high-altitude ecological conditions on peanut quality should be carefully considered in production. The substantial increase in sucrose content makes high-altitude regions favorable for developing edible peanut varieties, whereas the development of oil-use varieties in such regions should prioritize selecting genotypes with stable and high oil content to mitigate the negative impact of altitude.

Key words: peanut, altitude, oil content, sucrose content, association study

图1

花生资源材料含油量和蔗糖含量在不同环境下的表型分布 2021WH: 2021年武汉; 2022WH: 2022年武汉; 2021KM: 2021年昆明; 2022KM: 2022年昆明。"

表1

花生资源含油量和蔗糖含量的统计分析"

性状
Trait		 年份
Year		 地点
Location		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 夏皮洛-威尔克
W (P-value)
含油量
Oil content (%)		 2021 武汉 Wuhan 46.44 59.25 52.65 1.86 3.53 -0.03 0.68 0.994 (0.197)
昆明 Kunming 44.87 57.20 51.48 2.26 4.40 0.03 -0.25 0.997 (0.831)
2022 武汉 Wuhan 47.45 56.58 52.83 1.28 2.43 -0.11 1.15 0.988 (0.008)
昆明 Kunming 45.26 54.83 51.33 1.63 3.17 -0.70 0.89 0.967 (0)
蔗糖含量
Sucrose content (%)
 2021 武汉 Wuhan 0.20 4.82 1.83 0.64 34.92 0.59 1.20 0.987 (0.005)
昆明 Kunming 1.28 10.52 6.03 1.27 21.13 0.09 0.42 0.996 (0.612)
2022 武汉 Wuhan 0.41 4.48 1.98 0.55 27.75 0.41 1.43 0.984 (0.001)
昆明 Kunming 3.29 8.92 5.60 0.99 17.68 0.22 0.12 0.995 (0.379)

表2

不同海拔条件下含油量相对稳定且高的材料"

编号No. 品种名称
Cultivar		 植物学类型
Botanical type		 百仁重
Hundred-seed weight (g)		 含油量 Oil content (%)
2021 2022
武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming
W143 豫花9326 Yuhua 9326 普通型 Virginia type 85.37 56.26 54.89 55.13 54.64
W301 ZJ8 珍珠豆型 Spanish type 72.59 57.67 54.94 55.00 54.02
W303 ZJ12 珍珠豆型 Spanish type 89.01 57.06 56.54 55.78 54.02

图2

不同类型花生资源在不同海拔下含油量和蔗糖含量的比较 ** 表示在0.01概率水平差异显著。Irregular: 中间型; Virginia: 普通型; Spanish: 珍珠豆型; Peruvian: 龙生型; Valencia: 多粒型。"

表3

不同籽粒大小花生资源在不同海拔下含油量和蔗糖含量的比较"

百仁重
HSW (g)		 含油量Oil content (%) 蔗糖含量Sucrose content (%)
武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 差异显著性
Significance of difference		 武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 差异显著性
Significance of difference
≤ 50 51.89±1.44 51.79±1.58 0.10 1.90±0.59 5.40±0.93 -3.50**
50-80 52.49±1.35 51.35±1.51 1.14** 1.88±0.52 5.71±0.99 -3.83**
80-100 53.30±1.14 51.47±1.63 1.83** 1.95±0.41 6.01±0.82 -4.06**
≥ 100 53.70±0.88 51.16±1.56 2.54** 1.90±0.44 6.27±0.93 -4.37**

图3

不同等位基因个体蔗糖含量的效应 缩写同图1。210:210, 214:214和220:220代表蔗糖含量关联标记AHGS1228的不同等位基因, 其他关联标记与此类似。不同字母代表在0.05水平上的显著性差异。"

表4

与蔗糖含量相关的SSR标记位点"

环境
Environment		 关联标记
Associated marker		 物理位置
Physical position (Mb)		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value		 贡献率
PVE (%)		 优异等位基因
Favorable allele
2021KM AHGS1228 B05 (151.00) 10.88 3.01E-05 7.68 AHGS1228-210 bp
AHGS1283 A09 (10.45) 10.21 5.66E-05 7.58 AHGS1283-280 bp
2022KM AGGS1056 B01 (18.67) 10.40 4.50E-05 6.46 AGGS1056-212 bp
2022WH AHGS1901 B09 (55.47) 16.34 7.02E-05 5.85 AHGS1901-251 bp
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