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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 3157-3170.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.52020

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于CSSL-Z267的单/双片段代换系的水稻产量性状QTL遗传效应解析与设计育种应用

张瀚, 余金琎, 谭林璐, 张婧泉, 王小董, 谢庄, 谢可盈, 凌英华, 赵芳明()   

  1. 西南大学水稻研究所 / 西南大学农业科学研究院 / 作物分子改良重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16 接受日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2025-12-12 网络出版日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: *赵芳明, E-mail: zhaofangming2004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学联合基金项目(U23A20184);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0124)

Genetic dissection and breeding application of rice yield-related QTL using single and dual segment substitution lines derived from CSSL-Z267

ZHANG Han, YU Jin-Jin, TAN Lin-Lu, ZHANG Jing-Quan, WANG Xiao-Dong, XIE Zhuang, XIE Ke-Ying, LING Ying-Hua, ZHAO Fang-Ming()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Southwest University / Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2025-05-16 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published:2025-12-12 Published online:2025-09-22
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhaofangming2004@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Union Foundation of China(U23A20184);Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0124)

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摘要：

水稻产量性状作为典型的数量性状, 受微效多基因系统调控。将相关基因解析至单片段代换系(SSSL)不仅为深入阐明其分子机制提供了理想研究体系, 更因其克服遗传背景干扰的优势, 为基于SSSL平台的全基因组设计育种奠定了重要基础。本研究以日本晴为遗传背景的染色体片段代换系CSSL Z267 (携带5个供体片段)为材料, 通过构建日本晴/Z267的F2群体, 成功鉴定出9个调控产量性状的QTL, 并进一步通过遗传解析获得5个单片段代换系(SSSL)和1个双片段代换系(DSSL)。研究发现, S1~S5均携带显著增加粒长和二次枝梗数的正向效应QTL, 同时具有降低粒宽的负向效应QTL。在双片段代换系D1中观察到多对QTL的互作效应: 穗长(qPL6与qPL1)、一次枝梗数(qNPB6与qNPB1)和二次枝梗数(qNSB1与qNSB6)位点聚合均产生正向超亲遗传效应; 粒宽(qGW6与qGW1)和千粒重(qGWT6与qGWT1)位点组合则表现出负向超亲遗传效应; 而粒长(qGL6与qGL1)和株高(qPH6与qPH1)位点组合的遗传效应分别与qGL1和qPH6单一位点相当。遗传效应解析表明, S1与S5的杂交组合可有效选育出株型较高且籽粒细长化的优良株系。本研究系统解析了产量相关QTL的遗传效应, 为阐明其分子机制和推进水稻全基因组设计育种提供了重要理论依据和材料基础。

关键词: 水稻, 产量性状, QTL, 染色体片段代换系, 加性效应, QTL互作

Abstract:

Rice yield-related traits, as typical quantitative traits, are controlled by multiple genes with minor effects. Mapping these genes using single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) not only provides an ideal system for dissecting their molecular mechanisms, but also lays a critical foundation for whole-genome design breeding by minimizing interference from genetic background. In this study, the chromosome segment substitution line Z267—carrying five donor segments in a Nipponbare genetic background—was used to construct a Nipponbare /Z267 F2 population, through which nine yield-related QTL were successfully identified. Further genetic dissection yielded five SSSLs and one dual segment substitution line (DSSL). The results showed that all five SSSLs (S1-S5) carried positive-effect QTL that significantly increased grain length and secondary branch number, while also harboring negative-effect QTL that reduced grain width. In the DSSL (D1), multiple QTL interactions were observed: combinations of panicle length loci (qPL6 with qPL1), primary branch number loci (qNPB6 with qNPB1), and secondary branch number loci (qNSB1 with qNSB6) exhibited positively transgressive inheritance effects. Meanwhile, combinations of grain width (qGW6 with qGW1) and 1000-grain weight (qGWT6 with qGWT1) loci displayed negatively transgressive inheritance. The genetic effects of grain length (qGL6 with qGL1) and plant height (qPH6 with qPH1) locus combinations were comparable to those of the single locus qGL1 and qPH6, respectively. Genetic effect analysis indicated that hybrid combinations of S1 and S5 could be effectively used to develop elite lines with taller plant architecture and slender grain morphology. Overall, this study systematically dissected the genetic effects of yield-related QTL, providing valuable theoretical insights and germplasm resources for elucidating molecular mechanisms and advancing whole-genome design breeding in rice.

Key words: rice, yield traits, QTL, chromosome segment substitution line, additive effect, QTL interaction

图1

代换系Z267的选育过程"

图2

SSSL中QTL的加性效应和DSSL中非等位QTL之间的上位性效应模型"

图3

Z267的染色体代换片段 每条染色体左侧为物理距离(Mb)和定位的QTL, 右侧为标记名称和代换长度(黑箭头指向), 黑色区代表代换片段, 白色区代表日本晴遗传背景, 其他未列出的染色体与日本晴遗传背景一致。QTL名中的性状英文首字母缩写为: PN: 有效穗数; NSB: 二次枝梗; PL: 穗长; SPP: 每穗总粒数; GL: 粒长; GW: 粒宽; SSR: 结实率。"

图4

日本晴和Z267农艺性状分析 A: 日本晴和Z267的株型图; B: 日本晴和Z267的粒型图(十粒长); C: 日本晴和Z267粒长统计分析; D: 日本晴和Z267粒宽统计分析; E: 日本晴和Z267的穗型图; F: 日本晴和Z267的粒型图(十粒宽); G~O分别为日本晴和Z267的籽粒长宽比、结实率、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、每穗实粒数、每穗颖花数、株高、有效穗数和单株产量的统计分析。*和**分别代表在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。ns表示在0.05水平无显著差异。"

表1

Z267代换片段携带的产量相关性状QTL"

性状
Trait		 数量性状位点QTL 染色体
Chromosome		 连锁标记
Linked
marker		 加性效应
Additive
effect		 表型变异解释率
PVE
(%)		 P-value
粒宽 Grain width (mm) qGW1 1 RM259 -0.06 10.47 0.0400
有效穗数 Panicle number qPN1 1 RM259 0.58 2.34 0.0467
二次枝梗数
Number of secondary branches		 qNSB1 1 RM259 2.73 7.89 0.0137
穗长 Panicle length (cm) qPL1 1 RM259 -0.30 7.73 0.0408
qPL6 6 RM5371 1.01 12.24 0.0147
每穗总粒数 Spikelets per panicle qSPP10 10 RM8201 52.64 1.55 0.0489
结实率 Seed setting rate (%) qSSR10-1 10 RM8201 -6.82 5.27 0.0432
qSSR10-2 10 RM1146 10.19 23.56 0.0072
粒长 Grain length (mm) qGL12 12 RM1226 0.19 12.63 0.0341

图5

单片段代换系和双片段代换系的代换示意图 与日本晴相同的片段用白色表示, 与缙恢35相同的片段用黑色表示, 下方S1~S5为选育的单片段代换系SSSL1~SSSL5, D1为选育的双片段代换系DSSL1, 左侧为定位的QTL, 上方代表所在的染色体。QTL名中的性状英文首字母缩写为: PH: 株高; NPB: 一次枝梗数; NSB: 二次枝梗数; GL: 粒长; GW: 粒宽; RLW: 长宽比; PL: 穗长; GWT: 千粒重。"

图6

S1~S5和D1的产量性状QTL加性效应和上位性效应分析 柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。μ: 性状的平均值; ai: QTL的加性效应; I: QTL间加性 × 加性上位性效应; 单片段代换系的P值表示SSSL与日本晴的显著性; P < 0.05表示二者差异显著, 在代换片段上存在QTL; 双片段代换系D1的P值表示其代换片段所含Q1和Q6存在上位性互作的概率; P < 0.05表示二者互作, 存在上位性效应; P > 0.05表示二者独立遗传。"

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