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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 565-571.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数

杜浩1(), 程玉汉2, 李泰1, 侯智红1, 黎永力1, 南海洋1, 董利东1, 刘宝辉1, 程群1,*()   

  1. 1广州大学生命科学学院, 广东广州 510006
    2北京市通州区潞城镇北京中农富通园艺有限公司, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-19 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-03-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 程群
  • 作者简介:E-mail: duhao990303@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32001508);国家自然科学基金项目(31930083);国家自然科学基金项目(31801384)

Improving seed number per pod of soybean by molecular breeding based on Ln locus

DU Hao1(), CHENG Yu-Han2, LI Tai1, HOU Zhi-Hong1, LI Yong-Li1, NAN Hai-Yang1, DONG Li-Dong1, LIU Bao-Hui1, CHENG Qun1,*()   

  1. 1School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
    2Beijing International Urban Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Zhong-Nong-Fu-Tong, Beijng 100083, China
  • Received:2021-01-19 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-03-12 Published online:2021-07-13
  • Contact: CHENG Qun
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001508);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930083);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801384)

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摘要：

分子设计育种是将分子遗传学与传统育种相结合, 并培育成具有优良性状的新品种的重要方法之一, 尽管该方法很大程度上能够缩短育种进程, 但在实际育种过程中却应用较少。在大豆的育种过程中, 提高产量是主要的育种目标之一, 其中, 每荚粒数是决定大豆单株产量的关键性状之一。在大豆中, 每荚粒数与叶片形状呈正相关, 由一对等位基因Ln/ln控制, 宽叶的大豆品种一般为Ln, 窄叶的大豆品种一般为突变型ln, 且ln伴随着更多的四粒荚。尽管Ln对于大豆单产的提高, 具有潜在的重要作用, 但将该位点应用于分子设计育种中, 报道较少。本研究通过分析483份来自不同纬度大豆品种的Ln基因型发现, 高纬度地区大豆品种一般为ln, 而低纬度地区大豆品种一般为Ln。通过调查来自不同纬度的8个大豆品种的叶型和一粒荚至四粒荚个数发现, 低纬度大豆品种均为圆叶品种, 且几乎没有四粒荚。为将ln应用于低纬度地区大豆育种中, 成功开发了Ln的分子标记, 并通过连续回交的方法, 将ln代换到圆叶型品种Willams 82和华夏3号中, 获得了四粒荚较多的大豆新材料。本研究利用大豆分子设计育种的手段, 提高了大豆单株产量, 为加快大豆高产育种进程提供了重要的理论及实践基础。

关键词: 大豆, Ln, 产量, 单荚粒数, 分子设计

Abstract:

Molecular design breeding is one of the important methods to combine molecular genetics with conventional breeding, and to breed a series soybean variety with excellent traits. Although this method can shorten the breeding process to a large extent, it is rarely used in the artificial breeding process. Increasing production is one of the most important goals in the process of soybean breeding. Soybean is a typical short-day bean plant, which provides more than a quarter of plant protein for human and animals in the world. In the process of soybean breeding, increasing the yield is one of the main breeding objectives, among which the number of seeds per pod is one of the key traits to determine the yield per plant. In soybean, the number of seeds per pod was positively correlated with leaf shape, which was controlled by an allele Ln/ln. The broad leaflet (Ln) usually linked with no 4-seed pod, and narrow leaflet (ln) associated with 4-seed pod. Although Ln was potentially important for soybean yield, whether this locus could be used in molecular breeding had not been reported. In this study, we found that the narrow leaflet variety was always in high latitude, and the broad leaflet variety in low latitude. To improve soybean yield in low latitude, we developed the molecular marker of Ln. ln was substituted into broad leaflet varieties Willams 82 and Huaxia 3 by backcrossing. Our data provide an important theoretical and practical basis for molecular design breeding to improve soybean yield.

Key words: soybean, Ln, yield, the number of seeds per pod, molecular design

图1

Ln不同等位变异的地理分布 A: Ln不同等位变异在中国的地理分布图; B: 在不同地区, Ln不同等位变异的分布频率。HR代表黄淮海地区, NR代表北部地区, SR代表南部地区, NE代表东北地区。"

图2

不同大豆品种的叶片表型观察与统计 A: DN50、SN14、HH43、SN88的叶片表型, 黄线代表C中调查长宽比所测量的叶片宽度, 红线代表调查长宽比所测量的叶片长度; B: HX3、HX5、BR21和W82的叶片表型, 标尺为1 cm; C: 不同叶片的长宽比统计。"

表1

一粒荚至五粒荚数目统计"

品种名称
Cultivar		 一粒荚个数
1-seed pod number		 二粒荚个数
2-seed pod number		 三粒荚个数
3-seed pod number		 四粒荚个数
4-seed pod number		 五粒荚个数
5-seed pod number
DN50 6±0.33 12±0.25 23±0.19 25±0.08 0
SN14 9±0.23 15±0.24 20±0.26 25±0.16 0
HH43 11±0.33 15±0.19 28±0.32 29±0.45 1±0.94
SN88 5±0.14 14±0.27 23±0.35 26±0.12 0
HX3 16±0.12 60±0.44 35±0.28 0 0
HX5 22±0.34 54±0.41 34±0.42 0 0
BR21 24±0.12 43±0.25 59±0.34 0 0
W82 18±0.32 39±0.32 61±0.83 2±0.88 0

图3

Ln分子标记的电泳图 A: Ln分子标记检测结果。M: DL2000 marker; 1: Ln的酶切产物; 2: ln的酶切产物; 3: Ln杂合的酶切产物。B: 不同品种Ln的基因型检测。1~4: HX3、HX5、BR21和W82; 5~8: DN50、SN14、HH43和SN88; 9: W82与HH43的杂交果检测; 10: HX3与HH43的杂交果检测。"

图4

ln突变体表型观察 A: W82和W82-ln叶片表型观察; B: W82和W82-ln叶片长宽比; C: HX3和HX3-ln叶片表型观察; D: HX3和HX3-ln叶片长宽比; E: W82和W82-ln的一粒荚至五粒荚表型观察和HX3和HX3-ln的一粒荚至五粒荚表型观察, *代表品种中主要的荚粒数类型; F: W82和W82-ln总荚数表型观察; G: W82和W82-ln四粒荚数表型观察; H: W82和W82-ln 单株产量表型统计; I: HX3和HX3-ln 总荚数表型观察; J: HX3和HX3-ln 四粒荚数表型观察; K: HX3和HX3-ln 单株产量表型统计。**代表在P < 0.01差异显著。"

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