减氮对辽粳5号/秋田小町RIL群体茎秆维管束、穗部和产量 性状的影响及其相互关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02040

Abstract

Abstract:

The recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population constructed by crossing between Liaojing 5 (a typical erect panicle type rice variety in Liaoning) and Akitakaomaqi (a good quality rice variety in Japan) were used as experimental materials and planted under high nitrogen and low nitrogen fertilization mode. In order to explore the possible ways to maintain stable yield while reducing the amount of nitrogen application, we investigated the stem vascular, panicle and yield traits of the RIL population and analyzed the effects of nitrogen reduction on them and their correlation. The results showed that the traits of stem vascular bundle, spike and yield of RIL population showed continuous variation under two different fertilization models, which was consistent with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. The number of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a stem, the area of vascular bundles of panicle neck and penultimate internode in a plant were decreased, the number of primary branches decreased, the seed setting rate of primary and secondary branches, the total seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased, the weight of single panicle increased, the number of panicle decreased, and the yield was decreased after nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The traits of vascular bundle in stem were closely related to the traits of panicle and yield. The traits of vascular bundle in single stem were positively correlated with the thickness of panicle neck, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of panicle grains, kernel density, 1000-seed weight, and the number of panicles. The area of vascular bundle per plant was positively correlated with the number of panicles and yield. After nitrogen decrease treatment, the main characteristics of no reduction yield type in RIL populations were as follows: under the condition of low nitrogen, there was a stable differentiation of tiller and stem vascular bundle, ensuring the stable number of panicles and neck diameter; there was not significant differences in the number of big and small vascular bundles of panicle necks and penultimate internodes in a stem, the area of big vascular bundles of penultimate internodes in a stem and in a plant, and number of stems and branches. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer, it is possible to achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen without reducing yield by selecting rice varieties with developed vascular bundles in stems and stable panicle numbers and panicle necks.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, stem vascular bundles traits, panicle traits, yield

CHENG Yan-Shuang, HU Mei-Yan, DU Zhi-Min, YAN Bing-Chun, LI Li, WANG Yi-Wei, JU Xiao-Tang, SUN Li-Li, XU Hai. Effects of nitrogen reduction on stem vascular bundles, panicle and yield characters of RIL populations in Liaojing 5/Akitakaomaqi and their correlation[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 964-973.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Relationship between stem vascular bundle traits and panicle traits of the RIL population under high and low nitrogen patterns"

性状 Trait	施肥模式 FP	穗长 PL	穗颈粗ND	一次枝梗数NPRB	二次枝梗数NSRB	一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB	二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB	着粒密度GD	单穗重PEW
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数 PN LVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.034	0.189^**	0.275^**	0.266^**	-0.005	-0.042	0.255^**	0.319^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数 PN LVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	0.074	0.239^**	0.375^**	0.379^**	-0.106	-0.075	0.223^**	0.406^**
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数 PN SVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.132	0.212^**	0.238^**	0.310^**	-0.048	-0.091	0.321^**	0.245^**
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数 PN SVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.086	0.167^*	0.185^**	0.395^**	-0.127	-0.043	0.310^**	0.257^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem	高氮区HNP	0.024	0.160^*	0.215^**	0.249^**	0.025	-0.011	0.173^*	0.311^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.076	0.308^**	0.368^**	0.262^**	-0.003	0.019	0.201^**	0.334^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 PN LVXA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.032	0.137	0.115	0.204^**	0.039	-0.018	0.166^*	0.214^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 PN LVXA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.139	0.260^**	0.432^**	0.309^**	-0.064	-0.077	0.293^**	0.354^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积 PN LVA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.050	0.165^*	0.144^*	0.189^**	0.062	-0.027	0.170^*	0.220^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积 PN LVA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.067	0.272^**	0.360^**	0.324^**	-0.012	-0.011	0.237^**	0.356^**
单茎倒二节大维管束个数 SI LVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.131	0.143^*	0.326^**	0.204^**	-0.122	-0.231^**	0.295^**	0.185^**
单茎倒二节大维管束个数 SI LVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.119	0.250^**	0.435^**	0.339^**	-0.156^*	-0.129	0.345^**	0.339^**
单茎倒二节小维管束个数 SI SVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.096	0.160^*	0.272^**	0.200^**	0.049	-0.06	0.259^**	0.249^**
单茎倒二节小维管束个数 SI SVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	0.001	0.263^**	0.306^**	0.322^**	-0.103	-0.011	0.217^**	0.304^**
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a stem	高氮区HNP	0.006	0.194^**	0.216^**	0.174^*	0.020	0.098	0.138	0.271^**
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.068	0.226^**	0.360^**	0.264^**	0.088	0.076	0.203^**	0.357^**
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a stem	高氮区HNP	0.069	0.174^*	0.136	0.134	-0.007	-0.045	0.052	0.172^*
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.121	0.246^**	0.375^**	0.321^**	-0.092	-0.083	0.287^**	0.320^**
单茎倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a stem	高氮区HNP	0.027	0.246^**	0.173^*	0.116	0.039	-0.021	0.082	0.190^**
单茎倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.026	0.299^**	0.344^**	0.269^**	0.008	0.035	0.179^*	0.325^**

Table 5

Table 6

Relationship between stem vascular bundle traits and yield traits of the RIL population under high and low nitrogen patterns"

性状 Trait	施肥模式 FP	穗数 PN	每穗粒数 GNPS	结实率 SSR	千粒重 TGW	产量 Yield
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数 PN LVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.091	0.322^**	-0.051	-0.012	0.019
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数 PN LVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.104	0.421^**	-0.105	-0.020	0.106
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数 PN SVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	0.005	0.316^**	-0.107	-0.112	0.072
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数 PN SVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.070	0.368^**	-0.102	-0.176^*	0.057
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积 PN LVPA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.055	0.263^**	-0.023	0.075	0.067
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积 PN LVPA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.170^*	0.257^**	0.002	0.149^*	0.020
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 PN LVXA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.098	0.201^**	-0.024	0.021	-0.006
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 PN LVXA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.102	0.330^**	-0.096	0.048	0.068
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积 PN LVA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.033	0.193^**	-0.025	0.046	0.052
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积 PN LVA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.144^*	0.322^**	-0.034	0.067	0.044
单茎倒二节大维管束个数 SI LVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.087	0.270^**	-0.235^**	-0.136	-0.088
单茎倒二节大维管束个数 SI LVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.170^*	0.397^**	-0.159^*	-0.104	-0.014
单茎倒二节小维管束个数 SI SVBN of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.065	0.259^**	-0.046	-0.025	0.016
单茎倒二节小维管束个数 SI SVBN of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.176^*	0.323^**	-0.054	-0.028	-0.010
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.186^**	0.184^**	0.086	0.142^*	-0.030
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.292^**	0.265^**	0.074	0.158^*	-0.087
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.253^**	0.114	-0.052	0.090	-0.178^*
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.159^*	0.327^**	-0.107	-0.012	-0.013
单茎倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a stem	高氮区HNP	-0.154^*	0.134	-0.008	0.088	-0.068
单茎倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a stem	低氮区LNP	-0.189^**	0.274^**	0.021	0.089	-0.015
单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.816^**	0.054	-0.006	-0.022	0.794^**
单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积 SI LVPA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.640^**	0.097	-0.097	-0.149^*	0.647^**
单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.870^**	-0.007	-0.092	-0.075	0.776^**
单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.806^**	0.076	-0.216^**	-0.277^**	0.732^**
单株倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.900^**	-0.002	-0.069	-0.084	0.808^**
单株倒二节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.838^**	0.028	-0.153^*	-0.241^**	0.764^**
单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积 PN LVPA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.764^**	0.107	-0.069	-0.054	0.734^**
单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积 PN LVPA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.671^**	0.086	-0.135	-0.131	0.672^**
单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.738^**	0.072	-0.063	-0.090	0.691^**
单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积 SI LVXA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.725^**	0.120	-0.205^**	-0.216^**	0.697^**
单株穗颈节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a plant	高氮区HNP	0.790^**	0.059	-0.069	-0.078	0.733^**
单株穗颈节大维管束面积 SI LVA of a plant	低氮区LNP	0.744^**	0.108	-0.173^*	-0.219^**	0.719^**

Table 6

Table 7

Stem vascular bundle traits variation of the RIL population of different yield change under high and low nitrogen patterns"

性状 Trait	大幅减产类型 Significant reduction yield		小幅减产类型 Slight reduction yield		不减产类型 No reduction yield
性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP	高氮区 HNP	低氮区LNP	高氮区HNP	低氮区LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数PN LVBN of a stem	12.45	11.87^**	12.46	12.15	12.22	12.11
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数PN SVBN of a stem	20.63	19.87^**	20.93	20.67	20.13	19.83
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	3.32	3.40	3.00	3.07	3.10	3.31^*
性状 Trait	大幅减产类型 Significant reduction yield		小幅减产类型 Slight reduction yield		不减产类型 No reduction yield
性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP	高氮区 HNP	低氮区LNP	高氮区HNP	低氮区LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	5.16	5.05	4.97	5.35	4.96	4.97
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	14.68	15.12	13.86	15.04	13.78	14.71^*
单茎倒二节大维管束个数SI LVBN of a stem	31.23	30.53^**	31.31	31.37	31.06	30.80
单茎倒二节小维管束个数SI SVBN of a stem	27.87	26.92^**	27.61	27.93	27.62	27.11
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	6.16	6.29	6.16	5.54	6.16	6.02
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	12.44	12.06	12.43	12.33	12.70	12.18
单茎倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	30.97	32.23^*	30.65	31.68	31.00	31.51
单株倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	95.62	59.38^**	68.03	58.39	63.82	68.21
单株倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	193.01	114.49^*	136.59	129.40	132.51	139.33
单株倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	484.04	306.25^**	339.32	332.91	322.00	360.92
单株穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	51.44	32.24^**	33.23	32.39	32.30	37.80^**
单株穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	80.08	48.10^**	55.11	56.47	51.66	56.84^*
单株穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	228.97	144.04^**	153.65	158.10	143.10	167.98^**

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

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施肥模式 Fertilizer pattern	基肥 Basal fertilizer			促蘖肥Topdressing for tillering	保蘖肥 Fertilizer for tiller growth	穗肥 Panicle fertilizer		粒肥 Grain fertilizer
施肥模式 Fertilizer pattern	尿素 Urea	磷酸二铵 DAP	氯化钾 KCl	尿素 Urea	尿素 Urea	尿素 Urea	氯化钾 KCl	尿素 Urea
高氮区HNP	150	150	112.5	150	75	90	75	0
低氮区LNP	0	10	112.5	75	0	45	75	18

性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP
单茎穗颈节大维管束个数PN LVBN of a stem	12.36±0.08	11.97±0.08^**
单茎穗颈节小维管束个数PN SVBN of a stem	20.45±0.20	19.89±0.17^**
单茎穗颈节大维管束韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a stem (×10^-4 µm²)	3.22±0.05	3.35±0.05^*
单茎穗颈节大维管束木质部面积PN LVXA of a stem (×10^-4 µm²)	5.08±0.08	5.03±0.08
单茎穗颈节大维管束面积PN LVA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	14.30±0.22	14.96±0.20^**
单茎倒二节大维管束个数SI LVBN of a stem	31.17±0.12	30.67±0.13^**
单茎倒二节小维管束个数SI SVBN of a stem	27.76±0.11	27.04±0.12^**
单茎倒二节大维管束韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	6.16±0.09	6.15±0.10
单茎倒二节大维管束木质部面积SI LVXA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	12.54±0.13	12.12±0.14^*
单茎倒二节大维管束面积SI LVA of a stem (×10^-4µm²)	30.97±0.31	31.93±0.33^**
单株倒二节韧皮部面积SI LVPA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	82.13±1.95	62.74±1.23^**
单株倒二节木质部面积SI LVXA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	167.18±3.68	124.72±2.43^**
单株倒二节维管束面积SI LVA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	415.14±9.66	328.50±6.12^**
单株穗颈节韧皮部面积PN LVPA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	43.25±1.17	34.39±0.75^**
单株穗颈节木质部面积PN LVXA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	68.01±1.86	51.84±1.15^**
单株穗颈节维管束面积PN LVA of a plant (×10^-4µm²)	192.52±5.29	153.89±3.20^**

性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP
穗长PL (cm)	20.67±0.18	20.71±0.19
穗颈粗PND (mm)	1.24±0.01	1.31±0.01
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.75±0.08	11.29±0.09^**
二次枝梗数NSRB	25.93±0.33	26.52±0.33
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB (%)	94.01±0.28	95.89±0.13^**
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB (%)	77.21±0.88	86.99±0.55^**
着粒密度GD (kernel 10 cm^-1)	69.34±0.98	68.22±1.03
单穗重PPW (g)	3.43±0.03	3.52±0.03^*

性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP
穗数Panicle number	13.64±0.30	10.43±0.18^**
每穗粒数Grains number per panicle	139.45±1.36	136.71±1.39
结实率Seed setting rate (%)	83.76±0.54	89.52±0.34^**
千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	23.69±0.15	24.90±0.14^**
产量Yield (kg hm^-2)	7966.92±186.41	6672.09±112.85^**

性状 Trait	大幅减产类型 Significant reduction yield		小幅减产类型 Slight reduction yield		不减产类型 No reduction yield
性状 Trait	高氮区HNP	低氮区LNP	高氮区HNP	低氮区LNP	高氮区HNP	低氮区LNP
穗长PL (cm)	21.25	20.92	21.24	20.54	20.13	20.78
穗颈粗ND (mm)	1.25	1.33^**	1.21	1.30	1.24	1.29^*
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.93	11.29^**	11.47	11.24	11.44	11.43
二次枝梗数NSRB	26.52	26.52	26.98	25.71	25.41	27.40^**
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB (%)	94.82	96.25^**	93.93	95.39	93.42	95.79^**
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB (%)	79.25	86.95^**	77.70	85.13^*	73.58	86.68^**
着粒密度GD (kernel 10 cm^-1)	69.00	67.16	68.45	67.43	70.41	70.75
单穗重PEW (g)	3.50	3.48	3.52	3.29	3.30	3.60^**

Effects of nitrogen reduction on stem vascular bundles, panicle and yield characters of RIL populations in Liaojing 5/Akitakaomaqi and their correlation

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性状 Trait	大幅减产类型 Yield substantial reduction		小幅减产类型 Yield slight reduction		不减产类型 Yield no reduction
性状 Trait	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP	高氮区 HNP	低氮区 LNP
穗数PN	15.72	9.58^**	11.00	10.44	10.51	11.49^**
每穗粒数GNPS	144.36	137.96^**	144.78	136.27	138.76	143.20
结实率SSR (%)	86.53	91.12^**	85.07	89.71^*	82.83	90.76^**
千粒重TGW (g)	24.33	25.32^**	24.45	24.21	23.95	25.25^**
产量Yield (kg hm^-2)	637.27	405.51^**	440.21	418.94^**	384.61	506.01^**