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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 193-202.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.02092

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of free air temperature increase on nitrogen utilization of rice in northeastern China

RUAN Jun-Mei1(), ZHANG Jun1, LIU You-Hong2, DONG Wen-Jun2, MENG Ying2, DENG Ai-Xing1, YANG Wan-Shen1, SONG Zhen-Wei1,*(), ZHANG Wei-Jian1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-12-26 Accepted:2021-04-26 Online:2022-01-12 Published:2021-06-04
  • Contact: SONG Zhen-Wei E-mail:ruanjmei2016@163.com;songzhenwei@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300104);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300501)

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Abstract:

Northeastern China is one of the regions where are experiencing the most significant global warming trend. Revealing the effects of anticipated warming on nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice in northeastern China can provide reference for regional sustainable production of rice and optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer. In this study, the field and pot experiments were setup based on free air temperature increase (FATI) system in Harbin, Heilongjiang province during 2019 to 2020, combined with 15N isotope tracer technique, to investigate the effects of anticipated warming (+1.5℃) on rice yield, nitrogen utilization, and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen. The results showed that warming treatment (W) promoted rice above-ground dry-matter accumulation. The mean grain yields in field and pot experiments during 2019 and 2020 under warming treatment were higher by 10.4% and 10.8% than those under control (CK), respectively. Compared with CK, the mean total nitrogen uptake of two years under W treatment significantly increased by 21.3%, however, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice grains showed a decreased trend. Under W treatment, the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer decreased significantly, while the nitrogen absorbed by rice from soil increased by 31.1%, resulting in the reduction of 12.5% in fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate and the increase of 14.2% in fertilizer nitrogen loss rate. Overall, warming tended to increase rice grain yield, but decreased the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen uptake by plant, which leading to the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and the significant increase in nitrogen loss rate. Under the background of climate warming, it was suggested to reasonably increase the transplanting density of rice to make full use of the positive effect of global warming on rice yield, as well as appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and optimize the management of nitrogen fertilizer operation to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of rice.

Key words: rice, climate warming, FATI, isotope tracer technique, nitrogen absorption and utilization, fate of fertilizer nitrogen

Fig. 1

Monthly mean temperature (A) and precipitation (B) during rice growth season in 2019 and 2020"

Fig. 2

Free air temperature increase (A) system and warmed field area (B) 1: plots by 15N labeling; 2: infrared heater; 3: digital temperature monitors; 4: wire; 5: light stand."

Fig. 3

Effects of warming on mean daily rice canopy (A, B) and soil temperature (C, D) in 2019 and 2020 CK: control; W: warming."

Table 1

Effects of warming on mean daily rice canopy and soil temperature during rice growing period (℃)"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 冠层温度Canopy temperature 土壤温度Soil temperature
日间
Daytime		 夜间
Nighttime		 全天
Diurnal		 日间
Daytime		 夜间
Nighttime		 全天
Diurnal
2019 对照CK 23.81±0.05 b 17.69±0.05 b 20.89±0.05 b 21.14±0.15 b 18.28±0.04 b 20.23±0.06 b
增温W 25.31±0.19 a 19.96±0.10 a 22.75±0.15 a 22.26±0.05 a 20.44±0.12 a 21.63±0.07 a
Δ 1.50±0.24 2.27±0.15 1.86±0.20 1.12±0.19 1.16±1.11 1.14±0.10
2020 对照CK 24.79±0.03 b 18.92±0.07 b 21.94±0.05 b 22.27±0.01 a 20.68±0.07 b 21.50±0.04 b
增温W 25.41±0.07 a 20.19±0.02 a 22.87±0.03 a 22.83±0.22 a 21.40±0.09 a 22.13±0.16 a
Δ 0.61±0.07 1.26±0.07 0.93±0.06 0.56±0.23 0.72±0.14 0.64±0.19

Table 2

Effects of warming on rice yield and yield components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Effect panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数(粒)
Grains per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2019 对照CK 506.67±21.77 a 73.49±2.49 a 19.56±0.51 a 8.30±0.08 b
增温W 520.00±18.86 a 74.29±1.54 a 21.10±0.24 a 9.00±0.10 a
2020 对照CK 458.67±12.12 a 106.92±3.11 a 23.39±0.16 a 10.00±0.32 a
增温W 464.00±26.40 a 113.99±2.48 a 22.46±0.38 a 11.24±0.44 a

Table 3

Effects of warming on the biomass and grain yield in pot rice (g m-2)"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 根系生物量
Root biomass		 秸秆生物量
Straw biomass		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
2019 对照CK 161.87±15.01 a 529.71±9.83 b 670.13±8.94 b
增温W 155.82±5.80 a 689.11±28.99 a 761.73±9.00 a
2020 对照CK 208.89±3.55 a 750.84±8.94 b 1074.89±23.06 a
增温W 242.09±17.21 a 814.58±2.47 a 1158.62±8.77 a

Table 4

Effects of warming on the nitrogen uptake and its allocation in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮素吸收总量
Total N uptake
(g m-2)		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量
N uptake by different parts of the plant
(g m-2)		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量占比
Ratio of N uptake by different parts of the plant (%)
根系
Root		 秸秆
Straw		 籽粒
Grain		 根系
Root		 秸秆
Straw		 籽粒
Grain
2019 对照CK 12.33±0.18 b 0.98±0.08 a 4.02±0.18 b 7.32±0.07 b 7.99±0.77 a 32.60±1.05 a 59.42±0.52 a
增温W 15.11±0.22 a 0.92±0.03 a 5.54±0.21 a 8.65±0.03 a 6.09±0.14 a 36.62±0.88 a 57.29±1.02 a
2020 对照CK 17.12±0.43 b 0.99±0.02 a 4.64±0.18 b 11.49±0.25 b 5.77±0.09 a 27.08±0.53 a 67.16±0.45 a
增温W 20.55±0.18 a 1.19±0.09 a 5.71±0.04 a 13.65±0.11 a 5.80±0.38 a 27.78±0.20 a 66.42±0.42 a

Fig. 4

Effects of warming on N harvest index (A), N dry matter production efficiency (B), and N grain production efficiency (C) in rice CK: control; W: warming. Different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05 between the treatments."

Table 5

Effects of warming on nitrogen uptake from different resources in rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮素来源Source of the N uptake (g m-2) 占比Ratio of the source of N uptake (%)
肥料Fertilizer 土壤Soil 肥料Fertilizer 土壤Soil
2019 对照CK 3.14±0.03 a 9.18±0.19 b 25.52±0.54 a 74.48±0.54 b
增温W 2.69±0.04 b 12.42±0.24 a 17.80±0.44 b 82.20±0.44 a
2020 对照CK 3.10±0.07 a 14.01±0.48 b 18.19±0.81 a 81.81±0.81 b
增温W 2.78±0.06 b 17.77±0.13 a 13.51±0.21 b 86.49±0.21 a

Table 6

Effects of warming on fertilizer nitrogen allocation in rice plant"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量
N uptake in different parts of the plant (g m-2)		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量占比
Ratio of N uptake in different parts of the plant (%)
根系Root 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain 根系Root 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain
2019 对照CK 0.24±0.03 a 1.01±0.02 a 1.89±0.03 a 7.69±0.76 a 32.31±1.04 b 60.00±0.32 a
增温W 0.20±0.01 a 1.05±0.06 a 1.44±0.01 b 7.50±0.49 a 38.85±1.54 a 53.66±1.06 b
2020 对照CK 0.17±0.01 a 0.86±0.01 a 2.07±0.06 a 5.45±0.12 a 27.76±0.26 a 66.79±0.46 a
增温W 0.16±0.02 a 0.76±0.03 a 1.85±0.02 b 5.79±0.46 a 27.50±0.50 a 66.71±0.95 a

Table 7

Effects of warming on soil nitrogen allocation in rice plant"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量
N uptake by different parts of the plant (g m-2)		 植株不同部位氮素吸收量占比
Ratio of N uptake by different parts of the plant (%)
根系Root 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain 根系Root 秸秆Straw 籽粒Grain
2019 对照CK 0.74±0.06 a 3.01±0.16 b 5.44±0.09 b 8.09±0.78 a 32.70±1.09 a 59.22±0.71 a
增温W 0.72±0.03 a 4.49±0.23 a 7.21±0.02 a 5.79±0.17 a 36.10±1.02 a 58.10±1.32 a
2020 对照CK 0.82±0.02 a 3.78±0.19 b 9.42±0.29 b 5.84±0.13 a 26.92±0.61 a 67.24±0.48 a
增温W 1.03±0.07 a 4.94±0.02 a 11.80±0.11 a 5.80±0.37 a 27.82±0.26 a 66.38±0.37 a

Fig. 5

Effects of warming on fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate (A), soil retention rate (B), and loss rate (C) in rice CK: control; W: warming. Different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05 between the treatments."

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