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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 2069-2077.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.02069

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Plant Density and Nitrogen Application Rate for Maize Hybrids from Different Eras in Heilongjiang Province

QIAN Chun-Rong1,3,YU Yang3,GONG Xiu-Jie3,JIANG Yu-Bo3,ZHAO Yang3,HAO Yu-Bo3,LI Liang3,ZHANG Wei-Jian1,2,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
  • Received:2012-03-28 Revised:2012-07-05 Online:2012-11-12 Published:2012-09-10
  • Contact: 张卫建, E-mail: zhangweij@caas.net.cn, Tel: 010-62156856

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Abstract:

n this study, eight typical maize hybrids released from 1970s to 2000s in Heilongjiang Province were selected to investigate the responses of grain yield, Nitrogen (N) partial factor productivity (PFP), N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N recovery efficiency (NRE) to N application rate and plant density in 2009 and 2010. During the variety improvement period of 1970s–2000s, PFP and NRE increased significantly by 3.41 kg kg-1 10 yr-1 and 2.26 per cent 10 yr-1, respectively. NAE increased significantly from 1970 to 2000 and descended after 2000. N harvest index decreased significantly by 1.51 per cent 10 yr-1. Grain N, stem N and leaf N accumulations rose significantly by 0.09, 0.07, and 0.12 g plant-1 10 yr-1. There were significant interactions among eras, plant densities and N application rates for above indicators. Nitrogen use efficiency exhibited decline trends with increasing N application rate and parabolic shape response to increasing plant density, and got the maximum in the population range of 50 000–70 000 plants ha-1. The theoretical optimal plant density for the maximal NUE was higher in newer hybrids than in the older ones. Higher plant population led to decrease N accumulation and N harvest index in grain, stem and leaf for all hybrids from different eras. Higher N application rate tended to promote N accumulation in grain, stem and leaf, but had different effects on N harvest index for hybrids from different eras. Compared to the varieties released abroad, there is a great potential in maize variety improvement for high-yield and higher-NUE in Northeast China. According to the existing variety’s traits, increasing plant density can enhance not only maize yield but also NUE.

Key words: Northeast China, Food security, Resource use efficiency, Maize variety succession, High-yield with high efficiency

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