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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 70-80.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82036

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis in agronomic and physiological traits of green super rice

Yang-Dong XU,Kuan-Yu ZHU,Xing-Chuan ZHANG,Zhi-Qin WANG,Jian-Chang YANG()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-07-08 Accepted:2018-10-08 Online:2018-11-08 Published:2018-11-08
  • Contact: Jian-Chang YANG E-mail:jcyang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2014AA10A600);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31461143015);the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD);the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University(2015-01)

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Abstract:

Understanding agronomic and physiological characteristics of green super rice (GSR) is essential to make strategies for breeding GSR varieties and crop management. This study aimed to identify major agronomic and physiological traits associated with high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice. Four GSR varieties and two control varieties (one super rice variety and one non-super rice inbred) were grown in the paddy field. The results showed that the GSR varieties produced higher grain yield and higher NUE than control varieties. Synchronous increases in both total spikelet number and filled-grain percentage contributed to higher grain yield, and an increase in grain yield production per unit absorbed N (internal NUE) resulted in higher NUE for GSR. Compared with control varieties, GSR varieties exhibited greater percentage of productive tillers and the ratio of spikelet number to leaf area, higher ratio of sugar amount to spikelet number at the heading time, higher crop growth rate, net assimilate rate, and root oxidation activity and more remobilization of assimilates from stems and sheaths to grains during the grain filling period, and higher harvest index at maturity. These traits were positively and very significantly correlated with both grain yield and internal NUE, and could be used as indexes for breeding and selecting GSR varieties.

Key words: green super rice (GSR), grain yield, internal nitrogen use efficiency, population quality, physiological trait

Table 1

Grain yield and its components of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 穗数
Panicle number (m2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 总颖花数
Total spikelets
(×103 m-2)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 8.75 b 263 b 141 a 37.1 cd 85.8 c 28.5 bc
武运粳24 WYJ-24 9.81 a 288 a 139 a 40.0 b 88.4 b 27.4 f
连粳7号 LJ-7 9.43 b 310 a 124 b 38.4 c 90.9 a 27.6 ef
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 8.68 b 299 a 122 b 36.5 d 85.4 c 28.0 de
淮稻13 HD-13 9.78 a 266 b 142 a 37.8 c 88.4 b 29.2 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 9.86 a 288 a 146 a 42.0 a 87.6 b 27.9 de
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 9.05 b 261 b 143 a 37.3 cd 84.8 c 28.7 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 9.61 a 292 a 137 a 40.0 b 88.8 b 27.6 ef
连粳7号 LJ-7 9.69 a 314 a 122 b 38.3 c 91.3 a 27.4 f
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 8.62 b 297 a 124 b 36.8 d 84.4 c 28.2 cd
淮稻13 HD-13 9.88 a 268 b 144 a 38.6 c 88.0 b 29.4 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 9.94 a 292 a 142 a 41.5 a 87.4 b 27.7 ef
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 15.7** 11.8** 8.65** 20.7** 10.2** 3.67*
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 2

Total amount of nitrogen (N) uptake and N use efficiency of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 总吸氮量
Total N uptake
(kg hm-2)		 植株氮素籽粒生产效率
Internal N use efficiency
(kg kg-1 N)		 每百kg籽粒的需氮量
N uptake per 100 kg grain
[kg (100 kg)-1 grain]		 氮肥偏生产力
Patial factory
productivity
(kg kg-1)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 190 a 46.1 b 2.17 a 43.8 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 191 a 50.6 a 1.98 b 49.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 188 a 50.2 a 1.99 b 47.2 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 192 a 45.2 b 2.21 a 43.4 b
淮稻13 HD-13 191 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 48.9 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 194 a 51.4 a 1.95 b 49.3 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 194 a 46.6 b 2.14 a 45.3 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 195 a 50.1 a 2.00 b 48.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 192 a 50.5 a 1.98 b 48.5 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 190 a 45.4 b 2.20 a 43.1 b
淮稻13 HD-13 193 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 49.4 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 192 a 51.2 a 1.95 b 49.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) NS 8.48** 8.04** 15.27**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS

Table 3

Percentage of productive stems and tillers (PPST), leaf area index (LAI), and grain-leaf (leaf area, LA) ratio of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 茎蘖成穗率
PPST
(%)		 抽穗期LAI
LAI at heading
(m2 m-2)		 颖花/叶面积
Spikelet/LA
(spikelets cm-2)		 实粒/叶面积
Filled grain/LA
(grains cm-2)		 总粒重/叶面积
Total grain Wt/LA
(mg cm-2)
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 71.3 b 7.15 a 0.519 cd 0.445 b 12.2 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 79.2 a 7.32 a 0.546 ab 0.487 a 13.4 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 76.8 a 6.95 a 0.553 ab 0.501 a 13.6 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 72.3 b 7.03 a 0.519 cd 0.443 b 12.3 b
淮稻13 HD-13 78.5 a 6.86 a 0.551 ab 0.484 a 14.3 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 80.9 a 7.38 a 0.569 a 0.501 a 13.4 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 73.7 b 7.27 a 0.513 d 0.435 b 12.4 b
武运粳24 WYJ-24 78.2 a 7.24 a 0.552 ab 0.487 a 13.3 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 78.4 a 7.09 a 0.540 bc 0.495 a 13.7 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 71.3 b 7.29 a 0.505 d 0.426 b 11.8 b
淮稻13 HD-13 79.7 a 7.04 a 0.548 ab 0.491 a 14.0 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 79.5 a 7.24 a 0.573 a 0.499 a 13.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 6.85** NS 5.76** 11.5** 7.63**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS

Table 4

Aboveground biomass and crop growth rate (CGR) of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 干物质重 Biomass (t hm-2) 作物生长速率 CGR (g m-2 d-1)
分蘖期
Tillering (T)		 拔节期
Jointing (J)		 抽穗期
Heading (H)		 成熟期
Maturity (M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 0.64 e 3.51 a 9.72 a 15.4 cd 13.1 c 17.8 a 12.1 d
武运粳24 WYJ-24 0.72 ab 3.67 a 9.95 a 16.5 ab 13.6 ab 18.0 a 13.1 b
连粳7号 LJ-7 0.68 cd 3.55 a 9.68 a 15.9 bc 13.3 bc 17.6 a 13.1 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 0.63 e 3.45 a 9.49 a 14.8 d 12.6 d 17.5 a 11.6 e
淮稻13 HD-13 0.74 a 3.68 a 9.95 a 16.5 ab 13.6 ab 17.9 a 13.7 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 0.73 ab 3.67 a 9.89 a 16.9 a 13.5 abc 17.8 a 14.0 a
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 0.68 cd 3.57 a 9.84 a 16.0 bc 13.1 c 17.9 a 12.6 bc
武运粳24 WYJ-24 0.70 bc 3.73 a 10.0 a 16.3 ab 13.8 a 18.0 a 12.8 b
连粳7号 LJ-7 0.66 de 3.63 a 9.84 a 16.5 ab 13.5 abc 17.7 a 13.6 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 0.65 de 3.37 a 9.59 a 15.6 c 12.4 d 17.8 a 12.3 cd
淮稻13 HD-13 0.70 bc 3.76 a 9.99 a 16.9 a 13.9 a 17.8 a 14.1 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 0.75 a 3.73 a 9.99 a 16.7 a 13.5 abc 17.9 a 13.7 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 4.89** NS NS 3.52* 3.46* NS 14.5**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 5

Green leaf area duration (GLAD) and net assimilate rate (NAR) of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 绿叶面积持续期 GLAD (m2 m-2 d-1) 净同化速率 NAR (g m-2 d-1)
分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-H		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 57.2 a 204 a 222 a 5.03 b 3.05 a 2.67 de
武运粳24 WYJ-24 55.8 a 205 a 228 a 5.36 a 3.07 a 2.81 c
连粳7号 LJ-7 55.8 a 198 a 219 a 5.24 a 3.11 a 2.94 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 55.8 a 200 a 221 a 4.97 b 3.06 a 2.56 f
淮稻13 HD-13 55.3 a 197 a 217 a 5.42 a 3.18 a 3.11 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 54.6 a 204 a 231 a 5.43 a 3.06 a 2.98 b
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 58.5 a 208 a 226 a 4.94 b 3.01 a 2.73 cde
武运粳24 WYJ-24 54.9 a 202 a 227 a 5.52 a 3.12 a 2.76 cd
连粳7号 LJ-7 55.1 a 200 a 222 a 5.39 a 3.10 a 3.00 b
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 57.5 a 207 a 227 a 4.73 b 3.00 a 2.65 ef
淮稻13 HD-13 56.4 a 201 a 221 a 5.42 a 3.10 a 3.13 a
武运粳30 WYJ-30 56.1 a 204 a 226 a 5.31 a 3.07 a 2.97 b
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) NS NS NS 5.35** NS 6.64**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 6

Remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) sugar-spikelet ratio and harvest index of green super rice"

年/品种
Year/variety		 茎与鞘中NSC
NSC in stems and sheaths (g m-2)		 NSC转运率
NSC remobilization
(%)		 抽穗期糖花比
NSC per spikelet
at heading
(mg spikelet-1)		 收获指数
Harvest
index
(×100)
抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity
2016
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 194 de 138 cd 28.9 b 5.23 b 48.9 cd
武运粳24 WYJ-24 230 bc 143 ab 37.8 a 5.75 a 51.1 a
连粳7号 LJ-7 229 bc 136 cd 40.6 a 5.96 a 51.0 a
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 190 e 133 de 30.0 b 5.21 b 49.4 c
淮稻13 HD-13 225 c 131 e 41.8 a 5.95 a 50.6 ab
武运粳30 WYJ-30 245 a 140 bc 42.9 a 5.83 a 50.2 b
2017
扬粳4038 YJ-4 (CK1) 198 d 140 bc 29.3 b 5.31 b 48.6 d
武运粳24 WYJ-24 234 b 145 a 38.0 a 5.85 a 50.7 ab
连粳7号 LJ-7 233 b 140 bc 39.9 a 6.08 a 50.5 ab
宁粳1号 NJ-1 (CK2) 188 e 129 e 31.4 b 5.11 b 48.5 d
淮稻13 HD-13 223 c 129 e 42.2 a 5.78 a 50.8 ab
武运粳30 WYJ-30 241 a 138 cd 42.7 a 5.81 a 51.2 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年F值 F for year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
品种F值 F for variety (V) 11.5** 5.21** 10.4** 11.2** 12.6**
年×品种F值 F for Y × V NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 1

Root dry weight (A, B) and root-shoot ratio (C, D) at heading time and root oxidation activity during grain filling (E, F) of green super rice Values in the figure are expressed as means ± standard error (n = 3). Different letters on the column indicate statistical significance at P = 0.05 within the same measurement date. NS means not significant at P = 0.05. YJ-4: Yangjing 4038; WYJ-24: Wuyunjing 24; LJ-7: Lianjing 7; NJ-1: Ningjing 1; HD-13: Huaidao 13: WYJ-30: Wuyunjing 30; EGF: early grain filling; MGF: mid grain filling; LGF: late grain filling."

Fig. 2

Relationship of root oxidation activity (ROA) with crop growth rate (A), net assimilate rate (B), and seed-setting rate (C) in rice Values are calculated from the data from Tables 1, 4, and 5 and Figure 1; ** Significant at P = 0.01 (n = 12)."

Table 7

Correlation coefficients (r) of some agronomic and physiological traits with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency (IEN) in rice"

性状
Trait		 r
产量 Grain yield IEN
茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive stems and tillers 0.99** 0.97**
抽穗期糖花比 Sugar-spikelet ratio at heading time 0.89** 0.93**
颖花/叶面积 (粒叶比) Spikelets/leaf area (grain-leaf ratio) 0.90** 0.92**
灌浆期作物生长速率 Crop growth rate during grain filling 0.91** 0.92**
灌浆期净同化速率 Net assimilate rate during grain filling 0.85** 0.88**
灌浆期根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity during grain filling 0.91** 0.90**
茎中同花物转运率 Percentage of assimilate remobilization from stems 0.92** 0.96**
收获指数 Harvest index 0.88** 0.89**
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