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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1398-1407.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01012

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of micro ridge-furrow with plastic mulching on soil hydrothermal environment and photosynthesis at seedling stage of spring wheat on cold rain-fed area

HOU Hui-Zhi(), ZHANG Xu-Cheng*(), FANG Yan-Jie, YU Xian-Feng, WANG Hong-Li, MA Yi-Fan, ZHANG Guo-Ping, LEI Kang-Ning   

  1. Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-02-18 Accepted:2020-04-15 Online:2020-09-12 Published:2020-04-26
  • Contact: Xu-Cheng ZHANG E-mail:houhuizhi666@163.com;gszhangxuch@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200403);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560355);Science and Technology Innovation Projects of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2020GAAS32)

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Abstract:

The solution against drought and cold in spring was one of the most important factors which increased the yield of spring wheat in northwest of Loess Plateau (104°36′E, 35°35′N). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of micro ridge-furrow with plastic mulching (PRF) on soil temperature and moisture at the seedlings stage and the regulative mechanism of PRF on soil thermal-moisture and photosynthesis of spring wheat. The field experiments had been conducted using Longchun 35 from 2016 to 2018 in cold rain-fed area of northwest Loess Plateau. The three treatments were: 1) micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic mulching (PRF), 2) whole field soil-plastic mulching (PMS), and 3) without mulching (CK). The parameters including soil temperature, soil water content, above-ground biomass, leaf SPAD, photosynthetic and transpiration rate, the soil water storage (SWS), periodical evaportranspiration (ET), growth rate, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured at 18, 25, and 32 days after sowing (DAS), respectively. The results were as follows: the mean soil temperature within 0-25 cm profile treated with PRF and PMS compared with CK, was increased by 3.6°C, 3.0°C, 2.0°C and 2.9°C, 2.5°C, 1.7°C respectively, while those treated PRF compared to PMS increased by 1.3°C, 0.9°C, 0.9°C and 0.8°C, 0.7°C, 0.7°C within 0, 5, and 10 cm profile at 18, 25, and 32 days. The SWS treated with PRF and PMS compared to CK was on the rise by 7.3, 9.7, 12.6 mm and 3.9, 7.6, and 11.0 mm within 0-40 cm profile at 18, 25, and 32 days, respectively. While those treated PRF within 0-40 cm profile with 10 cm intervals compared to PMS risen by 1.1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.6 mm. The parameters treated with PRF and PMS at seeding stage including plant biomass, growth rate, leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were significantly higher than those of CK, while those of PRF higher than PMS. Moreover, the yield and WUE of PRF were increased by 9.1%, 36.5%, and 5.9%, 30.8% than those of PMS and CK, respectively. Therefore, the treatment of PRF and PMS could effectively improve the ability of photosynthesis and plant growth by overcoming the cold and drought situation at the seedling stage, and PRF treatment was more effective than PMS.

Key words: micro ridge-furrow with plastic mulching, spring wheat, soil temperature, soil water storage, photosynthesis.

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of micro ridge-furrow with plastic mulching of spring wheat"

Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on soil average temperature within 0-25 cm profile at seedling stage of spring wheat PRF: micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic mulching and bunching seeding; PMS: whole field soil plastic mulching and bunching seeding; CK: bunching seeding without mulching. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on soil temperature within 0-25 cm profile in the horizontal direction at seedlings stage of spring wheat A: 18 days after sowing; B: 25 days after sowing; C: 32 days after sowing. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on soil water storage within 0-40 cm profile at seedling stage of spring wheat A: 18 days after sowing; B: 25 days after sowing; C: 32 days after sowing. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on seasonal evaportran- spiration within 0-40 cm profile at seedling stage of spring wheat Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on SPAD values, photosynthetic and transpiration rate of spring wheat leaf at seedling stage"

处理
Treatment		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 光合速率
Photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1)		 蒸腾速率
Transpiration rate (mmol H2O m-2 s-1)
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
PRF 51.3 a 53.2 a 41.3 a 23.0 a 22.1 a 20.5 a 4.7 a 4.5 a 4.7 a
PMS 49.1 b 47.8 b 38.6 b 21.3 b 21.8 a 18.3 b 4.6 a 4.2 b 4.4 b
CK 46.9 c 43.5 c 37.1 c 19.1 c 18.5 b 15.0 c 4.0 b 3.7 c 4.2 c

Fig. 6

Effects of different treatments on plant biomass at seedlings stage of spring wheat Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 7

Effects of different treatments on plant growth rate at seedling stage of spring wheat Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on factors of yield of spring wheat"

处理
Treatment		 公顷穗数
Spikes per hectare (10 thousand plant)		 穗粒数
Number of spikes		 千粒重
Thousand-grain weight (g)
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
PRF 195.0 a 198.0 a 259.5 a 43 a 44 a 48 a 35.4 a 35.6 a 38.3 a
PMS 183.0 b 187.5 b 256.5 a 41 a 43 a 47 a 34.6 a 35.1 a 37.8 a
CK 166.5 c 178.5 c 243.0 b 37 b 38 b 40 b 32.9 b 33.9 a 36.8 a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on yield level and WUE of spring wheat"

处理
Treatment		 产量Yield (kg hm?2) 水分利用效率WUE (kg hm?2 mm?1)
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
PRF 2837.2 a 2932.2 a 4452.3 a 11.7 a 14.3 a 12.0 a
PMS 2559.8 b 2621.3 b 4250.5 a 11.1 b 13.2 b 11.6 a
CK 1972.7 c 2133.8 c 3467.8 b 8.7 c 10.9 c 9.5 b
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