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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 752-760.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04129

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of exogenous plant growth regulators on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and flower-pod abscission of relay strip intercropping soybean

LUO Kai1(), XIE Chen1, WANG Jin1, WANG Tian1, HE Shun2, YONG Tai-Wen1,*(), YANG Wen-Yu1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agriculture University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Chengdu Seed Management Station / Chengdu Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center, Qingyang 610072, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-06-16 Accepted:2020-10-14 Online:2021-04-12 Published:2020-11-06
  • Contact: YONG Tai-Wen E-mail:592234005@qq.com;scndytw@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201006);China Agriculture Research System (Soybean)(CARS-04-03A)

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Abstract:

Maize shading inhibited the growth of soybean at the seedling stage, reduced the number of soybean flowers and pods, and decreased the yield of soybean under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. To explore the effect of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) on flowering, pod setting, and yield of soybean is important for relay strip intercropping soybean production. Field experiments were used one-factor randomized block design to investigate the effect of foliage spraying 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) and uniconazole (S3307) at the beginning of flowering stage on abscission of flowers and pods, leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield formation in relay strip intercropping soybean. The results demonstrated that spraying PRGs improved the sucrose synthetase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and invertase (Inv) activities in soybean leaves. Exogenous PGRs increased soluble sugar content in stems, leaves, and pods of soybean at the beginning of grain-filling stage, promoted soluble sugar transport from stem and leaves to pods. Exogenous PGRs increased carbon and nitrogen content and decreased the C:N ratio in soybean leaves at the beginning of podding stage. PGRs increased the carbon content, decreased nitrogen content, and increased the C:N ratio in soybean leaves at beginning of grain-filling stage. Foliar spraying PGRs increased the number of flowers and pods, reduced the abscission pod number, and decreased the ratio of pods abscission and flowers-pods abscission, the effect of DTA-6 treatments was better than others. The pods per plant and yield of soybean in 2018 and 2019 under DTA-6 treatment were increased by 25.4%, 41.3% and 32.9%, 37.6% as compared with CK, respectively. Foliar spraying PGRs increased the activities of SPS, SS, and Inv enzymes in soybean leaves, coordinated the carbon-nitrogen metabolism in soybean organs, promoted the soybean flowering and pod-setting, decreased the abscission of pods, increased the pods per plant and yield of relay strip intercropping soybean, the production increasing effect of DTA-6 were better than others.

Key words: maize-soybean relay strip intercropping, flowers and pods abscission, plant growth regulators, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield

Table 1

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on soluble sugar content in relay intercropping soybean leaves (g kg-1)"

处理
Treatment		 R1 R5 R8
茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 荚果Pod 茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 荚果Pod
CK 12.72±1.17 a 11.32±1.23 a 13.23±0.13 b 11.56±0.74 b 8.56±0.92 a 8.33±0.92 a 9.82±0.67 a 20.76±1.84 b
6-BA 12.73±1.15 a 12.03±0.98 a 17.04±0.21 a 13.56±0.69 a 8.84±1.09 a 6.14±0.73 b 7.84±0.33 b 24.23±1.68 a
S3307 12.84±1.42 a 12.04±1.77 a 16.03±0.10 a 13.78±1.48 a 9.56±1.47 a 6.32±1.44 b 8.13±0.51 b 24.79±1.72 a
DTA-6 11.93±1.34 a 11.34±1.03 a 16.64±0.11 a 13.33±0.22 a 9.53±1.73 a 5.89±1.09 b 8.22±0.29 b 24.86±1.23 a

Fig. 1

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on the activities of SS, SPS, and Inv in relay intercropping soybean leaves Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different regulator treatments at the 0.05 probability level. R2: blooming flower stage; R4: blooming pod stage; R6: full seed stage. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 2

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on C content of stem, leaf, pod husks, and grains in relay intercropping soybean (g kg-1)"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 422.22±2.67 b 442.86±6.73 a 416.86±6.91 b 457.93±3.11 a 458.71±1.33 b 440.56±6.93 a 506.22±1.44 b
6-BA 427.67±4.78 b 444.24±5.59 a 417.56±5.12 b 446.59±8.03 a 461.89±6.04 a 441.22±1.12 a 507.74±0.53 b
S3307 437.87±2.33 a 448.18±6.72 a 431.33±4.28 a 453.73±6.36 a 463.03±2.44 a 442.71±2.37 a 510.90±2.64 a
DTA-6 428.94±6.64 b 445.80±2.44 a 421.04±4.13 ab 451.74±8.86 a 464.53±3.24 a 443.42±1.76 a 509.71±4.62 ab

Table 3

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on N content of stem, leaf, pod husks, and grains in relay intercropping soybean (g kg-1)"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 20.69±0.23 a 49.87±2.03 b 45.71±0.12 a 13.38±0.02 b 42.16±2.03 a 25.83±1.68 b 77.05±2.11 b
6-BA 20.60±1.04 a 53.78±1.19 a 44.22±0.88 a 18.04±0.16 a 37.37±6.84 ab 32.66±3.03 a 77.64±2.13 ab
S3307 19.79±1.22 a 52.54±2.36 ab 44.51±1.57 a 13.73±0.15 b 32.38±3.03 b 33.06±3.43 a 79.58±4.76 ab
DTA-6 19.89±2.23 a 53.84±0.67 a 43.94±1.83 a 16.70±0.19 a 40.36±5.44 ab 31.72±1.58 a 81.68±1.26 a

Table 4

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on C/N ratio of stem, leaf, pod husks, and grains in relay intercropping soybean"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 20.40±0.11 b 8.88±0.38 a 9.12±0.15 a 34.23±0.22 a 10.88±0.48 b 17.06±0.84 a 6.57±0.17 a
6-BA 20.76±0.86 b 8.26±0.23 b 9.44±0.11 a 24.76±2.08 b 12.36±2.36 ab 13.51±1.28 b 6.54±0.18 a
S3307 22.12±0.47 a 8.53±0.11 ab 9.69±0.28 a 33.05±3.99 a 14.30±1.39 a 13.39±1.45 b 6.42±0.35 a
DTA-6 21.57±0.43 a b 8.28±0.38 b 9.58±0.19 a 27.05±3.08 b 11.51±1.57 ab 13.98±0.77 b 6.24±0.21 a

Table 5

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on flowers and pods abscission number and abscission rate in relay intercropping soybean"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花数
Number of
flowers		 结荚数
Number of pods		 落花数
Number of abscission flowers		 落荚数
Number of
abscission pods		 落花率
Flower
abscission rate (%)		 落荚率
Pod abscission rate (%)		 花荚脱落率
Flower and pod abscission rate (%)
2018 CK 137.93±5.020 b 75.60±5.03 b 62.33±4.74 a 30.33±4.16 a 45.19±1.79 a 40.12±3.68 a 67.18±2.73 a
6-BA 147.82±5.00 ab 83.82±6.00 ab 64.00±3.00 a 33.00±6.00 a 43.29±1.69 a 39.37±1.48 a 65.62±1.37 ab
S3307 149.97±6.69 a 82.64±6.07 ab 67.33±3.79 a 28.33±4.51 a 44.90±2.63 a 34.28±1.99 b 63.79±1.72 b
DTA-6 152.28±5.79 a 86.95±7.77 a 65.33±1.81 a 29.67±2.08 a 42.90±1.27 a 34.12±1.83 b 62.39±1.90 b
2019 CK 161.36±3.85 b 83.40±2.61 b 77.96±0.64 a 36.55±3.48 a 48.31±1.88 a 43.82±2.58 a 70.97±1.88 a
6-BA 166.00±5.42 ab 89.85±3.27 a 76.15±2.21 a 36.64±1.31 a 45.87±2.22 a 40.77±0.59 a 67.95±1.62 ab
S3307 162.76±4.45 ab 85.32±4.24 ab 77.44±0.39 a 29.02±4.06 b 47.58±1.96 a 34.01±2.85 b 65.41±1.76 bc
DTA-6 169.69±2.85 a 90.17±3.39 a 79.52±2.95 a 27.91±4.56 b 46.86±1.59 a 30.95±2.75 b 63.31±1.45 c
F值 F-value
年份 Years (Y) 125.07** 8.85* 50.96* 1.26 8.72* 0.01 3.40
调节剂Regulators (R) 10.48* 4.91 0.22 2.11 1.16 1.81 4.53
年份×调节剂 Y×R 1.38 0.32 0.37 0.51 0.78 0.11 0.41

Table 6

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in relay intercropping soybean"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株有效荚数
Pods number per plant		 单株粒数
Grains number per plant		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2018 CK 45.27±1.98 c 76.25±3.76 c 24.78±0.19 b 1752.25±86.36 c
6-BA 50.82±2.31 b 87.52±2.41 b 25.42±0.16 a 2117.40±99.12 b
S3307 54.31±2.19 ab 89.13±3.32 b 25.66±0.11 a 2093.64±68.45 b
DTA-6 56.77±2.31 a 103.37±4.45 a 25.54±0.23 a 2475.65±89.56 a
2019 CK 46.85±2.62 c 78.89±4.50 c 25.25±0.10 b 1886.82±108.03 c
6-BA 53.21±3.07 b 90.72±5.69 b 25.52±0.11 a 2231.02±99.53 b
S3307 56.30±2.99 ab 93.48±4.36 b 25.78±0.12 a 2281.38±93.31 b
DTA-6 62.26±3.12 a 105.05±7.14 a 25.56±0.12 a 2597.13±106.94 a
F值 F-value
年份 Years (Y) 16.33** 3.95 1.64 13.38*
调节剂 Regulators (R) 39.73** 71.12** 7.24* 61.45**
年份×调节剂 Y×R 2.53 0.12 0.52 0.18
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