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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 894-903.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02048

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of endogenous brassinosteroids to nitrogen rates and its regulatory effect on spikelet degeneration in rice

YAO Jia-Yu1,2(), YU Ji-Xiang1,2, WANG Zhi-Qin1,2, LIU Li-Jun1,2, ZHOU Juan1,2, ZHANG Wei-Yang1,2,*(), YANG Jian-Chang1,2,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-07-14 Accepted:2020-11-13 Online:2021-05-12 Published:2020-12-23
  • Contact: ZHANG Wei-Yang,YANG Jian-Chang E-mail:yaojiayuyzu@163.com;wyz@yzu.edu.cn;jcyang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of China(31901445);Natural Science Foundation of China(31771710);Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Jiangsu Province(201911117010Z);Development Program of China(2016YFD0300206-4);Development Program of China(2018YFD0300800);Development Program of China(2017YFD0301206);Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640528);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD);Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University(2015-01)

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Abstract:

In order to investigate whether and how brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate the effect of nitrogen (N) rates on spikelet degeneration of rice, rice cultivars Yangdao 6 and Yongyong 2640 were grown in pots subjected to three N rates in the whole growth periods. The contents of N, BRs, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in young rice panicles at meiosis stage and their relationship with spikelet degeneration rate were observed. The results showed that the decreased spikelet degeneration rate was closely associated with enhanced 24-epicastasterone (24-epiCS) and 28-homobrassinolide (28-homBL) contents in young panicles. When N content of rice panicle was 1.25%, the BRs (24-epiCS and 28-homBL) content in young panicle increased significantly, and the spikelet degeneration rate decreased. The variation trend of T-AOC level was very consistent with BRs, and T-AOC was significantly negatively correlated with spikelet degeneration rate, whereas the variation trend of H2O2 content was opposite to that of T-AOC and BRs contents in the young panicles. Application of exogenous BRs (24-epiCS or 28-homBL) to young panicles could significantly increase the T-AOC level and contents of endogenous 24-epiCS and 28-homBL, but significantly reduce the H2O2 content and spikelet degeneration rate, while application of BRs synthesis inhibitor had the opposite effect. In summary, BRs mediated the effects of N application rates on spikelet degeneration, and elevated BRs contents in young panicles could inhibit spikelet degeneration by elevating antioxidant capacity under a proper panicle N content (1.25%) at meiosis stage in rice.

Key words: brassinosteroids, nitrogen, rice (Oryza sativa L.), spikelet degeneration

Table 1

Effects of different nitrogen rates on spikelet development, grain yield and yield components in rice"

年份/品种/处理
Year/cultivar/treatment		 每盆穗数
Number of panicle		 每穗分化颖花数
Differentiated spikelets per panicle		 颖花退化率
Spikelet degeneration rate (%)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Fully-filled grains rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(g pot-1)
2015
扬稻6号YD-6
低氮LN 15.0 ± 0.56 c 188 ± 2.69 c 8.32 ± 0.29 b 170 ± 2.95 b 89.1 ± 0.98 a 28.3 ± 0.48 a 62.9 ± 2.20 c
中氮MN 19.9 ± 0.72 b 201 ± 2.87 a 7.49 ± 0.04 c 181 ± 4.22 a 86.5 ± 1.03 b 27.0 ± 0.53 ab 83.7 ± 2.55 a
高氮HN 22.3 ± 0.91 a 195 ± 2.78 b 9.68 ± 0.12 a 172 ± 2.21 b 80.0 ± 0.71 c 25.9 ± 0.83 b 78.2 ± 2.91 b
甬优2640 YY-2640
低氮LN 14.2 ± 0.57 b 293 ± 5.79 c 14.9 ± 0.16 a 245 ± 5.06 b 84.4 ± 1.80 a 25.4 ± 0.37 a 73.6 ± 3.47 b
中氮MN 17.8 ± 0.23 a 336 ±4.80 b 13.4 ± 0.34 b 276 ± 3.73 a 78.7 ± 2.66 b 24.8 ± 0.38 a 95.3 ± 1.61 a
高氮HN 18.5 ± 0.40 a 347 ± 4.96 a 11.8 ± 0.27 c 282 ± 5.76 a 72.7 ± 2.07 c 24.5 ± 0.27 a 91.6 ± 3.41 a
2016
扬稻6号YD-6
低氮LN 14.4 ± 0.36 c 185 ± 2.45 b 8.52 ± 0.56 ab 172 ± 2.25 b 90.3 ± 1.59 a 28.6 ± 0.70 a 65.5 ± 2.38 c
中氮MN 19.5 ± 0.83 b 198 ± 3.19 a 7.55 ± 0.31 b 179 ± 3.43 a 87.1 ± 0.99 b 27.3 ± 0.75 ab 85.0 ± 2.70 a
高氮HN 22.1 ± 0.76 a 191 ± 3.01 ab 9.36 ± 0.47 a 174 ± 2.06 ab 79.0 ± 1.72 c 26.1 ± 1.14 b 80.2 ± 4.42 b
甬优2640 YY-2640
低氮LN 13.8 ± 0.75 c 292 ± 5.76 b 15.8 ± 0.33 a 241 ± 7.12 b 84.1 ± 2.33 a 25.6 ± 0.52 a 73.1 ± 4.05 b
中氮MN 17.4 ± 0.41 b 330 ± 6.23 a 13.8 ± 0.32 b 272 ± 5.69 a 80.7 ± 1.22 b 25.0 ± 0.60 ab 97.3 ± 3.01 a
高氮HN 18.9 ± 0.61 a 341 ± 4.59 a 12.5 ± 0.29 c 278 ± 8.58 a 74.3 ± 1.53 c 24.1 ± 0.49 b 93.6 ± 4.58 a

Fig. 1

Effects of different nitrogen rates on nitrogen content (A, B) of young panicles in rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Vertical bars represent mean ± SE (n = 5). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level within the same cultivar."

Fig. 2

Effects of different nitrogen rates on the contents of 24-epicastasterone (24-epiCS) (A, B) and 28-homobrassinolide (28-homoBL) (C, D) of young panicles in rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level within the same cultivar."

Fig. 3

Effects of different nitrogen rates on the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level (A, B) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content (C, D) of young panicles in rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Vertical bars represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level within the same cultivar."

Fig. 4

Correlations of panicle nitrogen content with brassinosteroids (BRs) contents (A, B), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level (C), and H2O2 content (D), and spikelet degeneration rate (E) of young panicles in rice * and ** represent significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively (n = 12)."

Fig. 5

Correlations of brassinosteroids (BRs) contents with total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (A, B), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content (C, D), and spikelet degeneration rate (E, F) of young panicles in rice * and ** represent significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively (n = 12)."

Table 2

Effects of chemical applications on the levels of brassinosteroids (BRs), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of young panicles in rice"

品种
Cultivar		 生理指标
Physiological parameter		 化学物质处理 Chemical treatment
CK T1 T2 T3 T4
扬稻6号 24-epiCS (pmol g-1 DW) 37.9 ± 2.28 c 58.6 ± 2.61 a 50.4 ± 1.72 b 14.8 ± 1.01 d 37.2 ± 2.26 c
YD-6 28-homoBL (pmol g-1 DW) 73.7 ± 3.54 c 106 ± 4.99 b 126 ± 3.62 a 35.4 ± 2.07 d 79.3 ± 4.12 c
T-AOC (U g-1 DW) 80.3 ± 2.58 b 114 ± 4.09 a 119 ± 5.08 a 34.6 ± 2.46 c 79.8 ± 2.26 b
H2O2 (μmol g-1 DW) 7.68 ± 0.78 b 4.24 ± 0.26 c 4.17 ± 0.25 c 17.76 ± 0.56 a 7.76 ± 0.68 b
甬优2640 24-epiCS (pmol g-1 DW) 21.5 ± 1.18 c 38.5 ± 1.45 a 31.3 ± 1.21 b 10.8 ± 0.48 d 21.9 ± 0.83 c
YY-2640 28-homoBL (pmol g-1 DW) 32.2 ± 1.35 c 52.6 ± 2.87 b 62.7 ± 2.07 a 15.3 ± 0.71 d 32.1 ± 1.58 c
T-AOC (U g-1 DW) 36.4 ± 1.38 b 50.9 ± 1.74 a 51.7 ± 1.91 a 16.0 ± 0.55 c 35.4 ± 2.23 b
H2O2 (μmol g-1 DW) 14.9 ± 1.22 b 7.81 ± 0.46 c 7.50 ± 0.49 c 33.8 ± 1.63 a 13.7 ± 0.96 b

Table 3

Effects of applied chemical regulators on spikelet differentiation and degeneration, spikelet number per panicle, fully filled grains, and grain weight in rice"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 每穗颖花分化数
Differentiated spikelets per panicle		 颖花退化率
Spikelet
degeneration rate (%)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 饱粒率
Fully-filled grains rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)
扬稻6号 CK 204 ± 2.25 a 7.35 ± 0.19 c 185 ± 3.77 bc 88.2 ± 1.69 b 27.2 ± 0.38 a
YD-6 T1 202 ± 3.18 a 4.12 ± 0.17 e 194 ± 3.50 ab 92.3 ± 1.81 a 26.8 ± 0.40 a
T2 205 ± 2.68 a 4.75 ± 0.09 d 196 ± 3.83 a 92.2 ± 1.80 a 26.6 ± 0.52 a
T3 201 ± 3.11 a 15.3 ± 0.29 a 172 ± 1.84 c 76.5 ± 1.65 c 27.4 ± 0.84 a
T4 207 ± 3.49 a 8.03 ± 0.15 b 187 ± 2.61 d 88.3 ± 1.35 b 27.1 ± 0.41 a
甬优2640 CK 346 ± 5.61 a 14.2 ± 0.37 b 292 ± 3.94 b 81.3 ± 1.02 b 24.9 ± 0.40 ab
YY-2640 T1 348 ± 6.63 a 8.92 ± 0.25 c 313 ± 5.40 a 84.2 ± 1.37 a 24.4 ± 0.29 ab
T2 343 ± 4.95 a 9.07 ± 0.17 c 310 ± 4.56 a 84.4 ± 1.45 a 24.4 ± 0.30 ab
T3 349 ± 4.42 a 28.4 ± 0.87 a 241 ± 2.97 c 65.3 ± 1.04 c 25.3 ± 0.60 a
T4 346 ± 5.03 a 14.6 ± 0.51 b 288 ± 4.41 b 80.6 ± 1.53 b 25.0 ± 0.37 ab
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