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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 239-248.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24009

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of calcium application on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in plant-soil system at different peanut pod development stages

ZOU Xiao-Xia1,*(), LIN Yi-Min1, ZHAO Ya-Fei1, LIU Yan1, LIU Juan2, WANG Yue-Fu1, WANG Wei- Hua1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
    2Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Accepted:2022-06-07 Online:2023-01-12 Published:2022-07-08
  • Contact: ZOU Xiao-Xia,WANG Wei- Hua E-mail:xxzou@qau.edu.cn;whwang2000@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000905);Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019QC016)

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Abstract:

Investigating the effects of calcium application on the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in the plant-soil system at different stages of the development of peanut pods will help improve the management of calcium fertilizer, and increase the yield of peanut, and the concentration of soil organic carbon. In this study, the common large peanut variety ‘Huayu 22’ was selected, and four gradients of calcium were applied. They included CaO 0 kg hm-2, 75 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, and 300 kg hm-2, and were designated T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. These treatments were established to explore the effects of calcium application on peanut yield and the distribution of photosynthetic carbon in the plant-soil system at different stages of peanut pod development. The results showed that the total dry matter accumulation of peanut plants was not affected by the application of different amounts of calcium. The application of a suitable amount of calcium significantly reduced the number of peanut fruit and kernel per kilogram, increased the kernel percent, full pod percent and pod yield, and in 2018 and 2019, the T2 treatment increased the pod yield by 17.5% and 25.1% compared with T0, respectively. A fitting analysis of the calcium applied with the peanut pod and kernel yield revealed that the highest peanut pod and kernel yield could be obtained when the calcium applications were 165 kg hm-2 and 173 kg hm-2, respectively. The application of a suitable amount of calcium significantly increased the photosynthetic 13C accumu-lation in peanut plants at the young fruit and pod bulking stages, increased the proportion of 13C in peanut kernels at different pod development and the pod setting and kernel filling stages. The proportion of 13C in the peanut kernels under the T2 and T3 treatments was 33.4%-37.2% and 38.7%-40.0%, respectively. The proportion of 13C in the soil also increased when a suitable amount of calcium was applied. The increase was as high as 52.6% (T2), but with the development in peanut pods, the proportion of 13C in soil decreased gradually. In conclusion, the application of an appropriate amount of calcium can regulate the distribution of photosynthetic 13C in the plant-soil system at different pod development stages of peanut and significantly improved the peanut yield and proportion of photosynthetic 13C in peanut kernel and soil. Under the conditions of this study, the recommended amount of calcium to apply was 173 kg hm-2.

Key words: 13C pulse labeling, photosynthetic carbon, dry matter accumulation, peanut kernel development, soil carbon accumulation

Table 1

Period for 13C pulse labeling"

下针后天数
Days after pegging (d)		 荚果发育时期
Pod development period
6 鸡咀幼果期Young fruit stage
18 荚果膨大期Pod bulking stage
30 荚果定型期Pod setting stage
48 籽仁充实期Kernel filling stage

Table 2

Effect of different calcium application on dry matter accumulation of different peanut organs (g plant-1)"

年份
Year		 花生植株器官
Peanut organ		 处理Treatment
T0 T1 T2 T3
2018 茎Stem 15.90±0.83 a 14.11±0.44 b 13.92±0.27 b 14.32±0.12 b
叶Leaf 9.29±1.30 a 9.32±0.59 a 9.34±1.17 a 9.89±1.65 a
荚果Pod 29.93±1.53 d 32.84±1.11 c 40.5±1.89 a 36.67±1.42 b
根Root 3.92±0.54 a 3.58±0.30 a 3.08±0.35 a 2.95±0.32 a
果针Peg 3.10±0.32 a 3.19±0.23 a 2.66±0.28 a 2.53±0.71 a
总干重Total dry matter 62.14±4.22 a 63.04±3.17 a 69.50±4.86 a 66.36±4.12 a
2019 茎Stem 11.74±0.14 a 11.06±1.41 ab 10.79±0.32 b 10.49±0.12 b
叶Leaf 8.74±2.39 a 9.02±2.08 a 10.60±0.94 a 9.76±2.29 a
荚果Pod 26.13±1.96 b 28.33±1.65 b 31.83±1.65 a 29.26±1.9 ab
根Root 3.17±0.40 a 3.11±0.29 a 3.09±0.22 a 2.69±0.16 a
果针Peg 2.38±0.36 a 2.22±0.72 a 2.88±0.45 a 2.34±0.20 a
总干重Total dry matter 52.18±5.28 a 53.74±6.17 a 59.19±3.60 a 54.56±4.69 a

Fig. 1

Effect of calcium application on 13C accumulation in organs of peanut plants at different pod development stages Different lowercase letters indicate the total 13C accumulation in peanut plants during the same labeled period is significantly different among different calcium application treatments at P < 0.05. YFS: young fruit stage; PBS: pod bulking stage; PSS: pod setting stage; KFS: kernel filling stage. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 2

Effect of calcium application on 13C distribution in organs of peanut plants at different pod development stage Different lowercase letters indicate the 13C distribution percent in organs of peanut in the same labeled period is significantly different among different calcium application treatments at P < 0.05. YFS: young fruit stage; PBS: pod bulking stage; PSS: pod setting stage; KFS: kernel filling stage. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 3

Effect of calcium application on 13C accumulation in the 0-20 cm soil layer at different pod development stage Different lowercase letters indicate that 13C accumulation in the same labeled period is significantly different among different calcium application treatments at P < 0.05. YFS: young fruit stage; PBS: pod bulking stage; PSS: pod setting stage; KFS: kernel filling stage. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 4

Effect of calcium application on 13C distribution in peanut-soil system at different pod development stage Different lowercase letters indicate that the distribution ratio of 13C in plants or soil in the same labeled period is significantly different among different calcium application treatments at P < 0.05. YFS: young fruit stage; PBS: pod bulking stage; PSS: pod setting stage; KFS: kernel filling stage. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 5

Principal component analysis of calcium application on 13C accumulation in peanut-soil system Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 3

Effect of different calcium application on peanut yield and its characteristics"

年份
Year		 产量及产量性状
Yield and its characteristics		 处理Treatment
T0 T1 T2 T3
2018 荚果产量Yield (kg 667 m-2) 335.01±17.28 b 351.75±20.11 b 393.75±18.88 a 367.87±13.49 ab
千克果数Pod number per kg 684±45 a 663±33 a 597±35 b 650±6 a
千克仁数Kernel number per kg 1234±48 a 1204±39 ab 1137±36 b 1167±41 ab
出仁率Kernel percent (%) 66.1±1.1 b 67.0±4.2 ab 71.2±2.4 a 68.9±2.9 a
双仁果率Double-seed pod percent (%) 56.0±1.0 a 57.0±2.2 a 59.1±3.9 a 58.5±3.8 a
饱果率Full pod percent (%) 46.2±5.4 b 50.1±4.3 b 58.8±4.1 a 56.3±1.3 ab
2019 荚果产量Yield (kg 667 m-2) 296.96±21.54 b 311.67±22.56 b 371.36±25.47 a 335.3±23.97 ab
千克果数Pod number per kg 721±42 a 695±41 ab 618±37 c 650±38 bc
千克仁数Kernel number per kg 1338±62 a 1272±56 ab 1179±48 b 1258±43 ab
出仁率Kernel percent (%) 62.4±2.2 b 65.9±2.5 b 71.9±3.0 a 67.6±2.8 ab
双仁果率Double-seed pod percent (%) 61.1±2.4 a 60.3±2.4 a 63.7±2.6 a 62.7±2.5 a
饱果率Full pod percent (%) 52.0±2.0 b 53.3±2.9 b 64.3±4.0 a 53.2±3.4 b

Fig. 6

Polynomial fitting of calcium application amount with pod yield and kernel yield in peanut"

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