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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2806-2819.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24209

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of tillage with mulching on soil water and temperature and potato yield on the dry farmland of Southern Ningxia under different climate year types

ZHAO Fu-Gui(), ZHANG Long, LI Dan, HAN Gu, WANG Nan, HOU Xian-Qing()   

  1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2022-09-13 Accepted:2023-02-10 Online:2023-10-12 Published:2023-02-28
  • Contact: E-mail: houxianqing1981@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860362);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160515);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2020AAC03098);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2021AAC03003);Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2022AAC03061)

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Abstract:

To clarify the effect of tillage with mulching on soil water and heat, and potato yield formation in dryland farmland under different climate years in southern of Ningxia, a two-factor split plot location experiment with different tillage methods (no-tillage, subsoiling, ploughing) and mulching material (no mulching, corn straw mulching, plastic mulching) was conducted during 2014-2016 period. The results showed that plastic film mulching had a warming effect and straw mulching had a cooling effect in 0-25 cm soil layer. In 2014 (normal temperature year), no-tillage with straw mulching had the best effect on reducing soil temperature from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage. No-tillage with straw mulching significantly reduced soil temperature by 3.5℃ compared with ploughing without mulching. Among the tillage systems, the highest soil water storage was straw mulching plots in 0-200 cm soil layer. Irrespective of the mulching materials, the water storage of subsoiling plots and no-tillage plots was higher than ploughing plots. Subsoiling with straw mulching had the best effect on increasing soil water storage during seedling stage and tuber expansion stage. The subsoiling with straw mulching increased soil water storage by 15.80% and 20.77% in normal temperature year and high temperature year, respectively. In normal temperature year, the seedling emergence rate was the highest under no-tillage with plastic film cover, which was significantly increased by 24.12% compared with ploughing without mulching. In high temperature years, the seedling emergence rate of no-tillage with straw mulching was the highest, which was significantly increased by 19.32% compared with ploughing without mulching. After Logistic growth simulation of potato aboveground biomass, it was found that the rapid growth duration and maximum dry matter accumulation parameters of no-tillage with straw mulching were the highest, and no-tillage with straw mulching significantly increased the maximum dry matter accumulation rate by 15.80% compared with ploughing without mulching in normal temperature years. The rapid growth duration and maximum dry matter accumulation parameters of subsoiling with straw mulching were the highest, and subsoiling with straw mulching significantly increased the maximum dry matter accumulation rate by 24.28% compared with ploughing without mulching in high temperature years. In all the treatments, the yield of no-tillage with straw mulching was the highest in normal temperature year and the yield of subsoiling with straw mulching was the highest in high temperature years, which significantly increased by 51.82% and 62.08% than ploughing without mulching, respectively. In normal temperature year, soil water, and temperature at tuber formation stage had the highest influence on potato yield formation. In high temperature years, soil water and temperature at budding stage had the highest influence on potato yield formation. In conclusion, the treatments of subsoiling or no-tillage with straw mulching could effectively improve the soil moisture and heat condition promote potato growth and achieve significant crop increase.

Key words: tillage with mulching, soil water, soil temperature, growth index, potato yield

Fig. 1

Monthly temperature, rainfall, and 40-year average precipitation from 2013 to 2016"

Table 1

Experimental design of tillage with mulching"

裂区试验设计
Split zone test design		 覆盖措施 Mulching measures
不覆盖No mulching (NM) 玉米秸秆Corn straw mulching (SM) 塑料地膜Plastic film mulching (FM)
免耕No-tillage (NT) NT×NM NT×SM NT×FM
深松Subsoiling (ST) ST×NM ST×SM ST×FM
翻耕Ploughing (PT) PT×NM PT×SM PT×FM

Fig. 2

Average soil temperature (0-25 cm) under different tillage with mulching during growth period in potato Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference under different treatments at P < 0.05. * means significant difference at P < 0.05; ** means extremely significant difference at P < 0.01. T: tillage method; M: mulching measure."

Table 2

Soil water storage (0-200 cm) under different tillage with mulching during growth period in potato"

年份
Year		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 覆盖措施
Mulching measures		 苗期
Seedling stage		 现蕾期
Budding stage		 块茎形成期
Tuber forming stage		 块茎膨大期
Tuber expansion stage		 收获期
Harvest stage
2014 NT SM 440.15 a 380.64 a 363.26 a 344.31 a 485.98 a
FM 424.26 b 372.48 b 333.12 b 323.25 b 465.20 b
NM 387.57 c 345.58 c 303.26 c 300.79 c 471.48 ab
ST SM 450.98 a 431.78 a 382.92 a 360.90 a 485.24 a
FM 435.20 b 404.92 b 353.21 b 332.08 b 467.92 b
NM 401.26 b 368.24 c 325.80 c 302.28 c 469.14 b
PT SM 441.16 a 426.40 a 363.40 a 330.24 a 481.48 a
FM 437.92 a 406.60 b 329.48 b 318.92 b 464.68 b
NM 399.14 b 363.98 c 299.78 c 302.78 c 457.96 b
F值
F-value		 耕作Tillage 11.3* 9.2* 14.4* 10.2* 1.5
覆盖Mulch 533.4** 254.7** 219.4** 173.3** 134.6**
Tillage×Mulch 4.2* 23.4** 4.5** 7.6** 4.8*
2015 NT SM 505.94 a 469.37 a 381.44 a 357.70 a 374.83 a
FM 510.07 a 441.31 b 366.32 b 340.19 b 367.92 a
NM 465.97 b 413.86 c 326.82 c 311.05 c 341.90 b
ST SM 512.48 a 466.99 a 369.93 a 344.89 a 356.02 b
FM 506.52 a 451.30 b 352.54 b 336.49 b 385.02 a
NM 472.14 b 430.11 c 328.34 c 312.22 c 339.76 c
PT SM 498.95 a 445.01 a 370.29 a 338.02 a 379.45 a
FM 500.57 a 439.34 b 361.37 b 329.43 b 364.27 b
NM 452.38 c 398.87 c 325.59 c 307.07 c 333.40 c
F值
F-value		 耕作 Tillage 7.48* 13.3* 11.7* 9.2* 0.9
覆盖 Mulch 446.3** 138.6** 568.1** 484.0** 111.0**
Tillage×Mulch 3.8* 6.0** 7.0** 8.6** 4.4*
2016 NT SM 474.24 a 441.51 a 412.40 a 375.53 a 384.27 a
FM 467.24 a 425.04 b 408.90 a 356.10 b 370.06 b
NM 400.31 b 354.20 c 330.64 b 319.60 c 364.30 b
ST SM 486.12 a 425.04 a 437.26 a 395.96 a 378.50 a
FM 460.79 b 409.31 b 409.93 b 365.42 b 366.87 b
NM 395.51 c 361.34 c 334.14 c 320.01 c 354.53 c
PT SM 454.82 a 417.88 a 406.85 a 389.76 a 390.47 a
FM 444.85 a 408.61 b 395.03 b 371.87 b 382.67 b
NM 385.14 b 349.30 c 330.21 c 318.93 c 361.67 c
F值
F-value		 耕作Tillage 10.6* 9.2* 13.5* 11.5* 7.0
覆盖Mulch 1137.7** 379.9** 514.0** 595.7** 135.6**
Tillage×Mulch 8.5** 6.8** 5.9** 6.2** 3.6*

Fig. 3

Potato emergence rate under different tillage with mulching Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference under different treatments at P < 0.05. * means significant difference at P < 0.05; ** means extremely significant difference at P < 0.01. T: tillage method; M: mulching measure."

Table 3

Characteristic parameters of potato dry matter accumulation under different tillage with mulching"

年份
Year		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 覆盖措施
Mulching
measures		 方程参数
Equation parameters		 快速生长期特征值
Characteristic value of rapid
growth period		 干物质积累参数
Dry matter accumulation parameters
Km (t hm-2) a b R2 T1 T2 T0 Δt Wmax Gmax
2014 NT SM 264.77 72.54 0.040 0.986** 74.19 139.84 65.65 107.02 36.27 0.73
FM 221.02 55.92 0.041 0.984** 66.04 130.08 64.04 98.06 27.96 0.57
NM 204.71 68.80 0.040 0.986** 72.87 138.51 65.64 105.69 34.40 0.69
ST SM 250.21 71.01 0.040 0.986** 73.66 139.30 65.64 106.48 35.51 0.71
FM 237.95 44.86 0.043 0.971** 57.84 118.90 61.06 88.37 22.43 0.48
NM 164.47 65.38 0.040 0.986** 71.60 137.24 65.64 104.42 32.69 0.65
PT SM 222.11 70.28 0.040 0.986** 73.40 139.05 65.65 106.22 35.14 0.70
FM 226.79 51.27 0.038 0.976** 68.97 138.06 69.09 103.51 25.64 0.49
NM 174.56 62.63 0.042 0.983** 67.16 129.68 62.52 98.42 31.32 0.66
2015 NT SM 142.80 80.49 0.048 0.990** 63.99 118.70 54.71 91.35 40.25 0.97
FM 148.14 72.78 0.047 0.989** 63.21 119.08 55.87 91.15 36.39 0.86
NM 124.93 73.60 0.049 0.989** 60.86 114.45 53.59 87.66 36.80 0.90
ST SM 163.34 83.03 0.047 0.991** 66.02 121.88 55.86 93.95 41.52 0.98
FM 148.35 77.28 0.049 0.990** 61.86 115.44 53.58 88.65 38.64 0.95
NM 113.49 79.79 0.048 0.988** 63.81 118.52 54.71 91.16 39.90 0.96
PT SM 134.39 65.73 0.050 0.991** 57.38 109.90 52.52 83.64 32.87 0.82
FM 143.57 60.53 0.047 0.987** 59.29 115.16 55.87 87.23 30.27 0.71
NM 127.81 63.79 0.048 0.985** 59.15 113.85 54.70 86.50 31.90 0.77
2016 NT SM 147.69 80.04 0.050 0.991** 61.32 113.84 52.52 87.58 40.02 1.00
FM 149.30 67.94 0.051 0.988** 56.91 108.39 51.48 105.38 33.97 0.87
NM 102.51 74.04 0.050 0.990** 59.76 112.28 52.52 107.53 37.02 0.93
ST SM 156.27 82.16 0.050 0.991** 61.85 114.36 52.51 88.10 41.08 1.03
FM 134.10 63.87 0.048 0.989** 59.18 113.88 54.70 103.83 31.94 0.77
NM 120.39 71.08 0.049 0.988** 60.15 113.74 53.59 106.51 35.54 0.87
PT SM 121.65 75.01 0.053 0.991** 56.63 106.17 49.54 86.28 37.51 0.99
FM 129.95 66.47 0.049 0.976** 58.78 112.37 53.59 104.83 33.24 0.81
NM 119.78 69.40 0.052 0.987** 56.22 106.72 50.50 105.91 34.70 0.90

Fig. 4

Total potato yield under different tillage with mulching Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference under different treatments at P < 0.05. * means significant difference at P < 0.05; ** means extremely significant difference at P < 0.01. T: tillage method; M: mulching measure."

Table 4

Correlation of potato yield with soil water temperature and growth index"

年份
Year		 生育时期
Growth period		 土壤温度
Soil temperature		 土壤贮水量
Soil water storage		 出苗率
Emergence rate		 地上部生物量
Aboveground biomass		 地下部生物量
Underground biomass
2014 苗期 Seedling -0.628* 0.837** 0.935** 0.542** 0.461*
现蕾期 Budding -0.764* 0.670** — 0.532** 0.537**
块茎形成期 Tuber forming -0.539* 0.915** 0.844** 0.792**
块茎膨大期 Tuber expansion -0.546* 0.914** 0.734** 0.825**
收获期 Harvest -0.615* 0.860** 0.583** 0.813**
2015 苗期 Seedling -0.236 0.670** 0.822** 0.320 0.411
现蕾 Budding 0.162 0.679** — 0.871** 0.798**
块茎形成 Tuber forming -0.068 0.513** 0.646** 0.914**
块茎膨大 Tuber expansion -0.135 0.515** 0.866** 0.875**
收获期 Harvest -0.135 0.392* 0.788** 0.693**
2016 苗期 Seedling -0.180 0.822** 0.889** 0.565** 0.498*
现蕾 Budding 0.102 0.836** — 0.973** 0.769**
块茎形成 Tuber forming -0.077 0.760** 0.899** 0.895**
块茎膨大期 Tuber expansion -0.256 0.651** 0.924** 0.803**
收获期 Harvest -0.052 0.253 0.883** 0.875**
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