秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤性质及玉米水氮利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23065

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of straw returning with different nitrogen application rates on soil physicochemical properties, maize yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia. A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years, and three pure nitrogen application levels under the return of total maize straw [150 kg hm^-2(N1), 300 kg hm^-2 (N2), and 450 kg hm^-2 (N3)] were set up in a three-year filed experiment with no nitrogen application as control (CK). The effects of straw returning with nitrogen application on soil bulk density, water, nutrients of sierozem, maize yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results showed that the straw returning with N application could improve soil bulk density and the total porosity in tilth (0-40 cm). N2 and N3 treatments had the best effect. Compared with CK, the mean soil bulk densities with N2 and N3 were significantly decreased by 5.1% and 7.3%, and the mean soil total porosities with N2 and N3 were significantly increased by 7.0% and 10.0%, respectively. Straw returning with nitrogen application could increase soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in tilth, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate under the straw returning, and the N2 and N3 treatments were the better. Compared with CK, the enhancement of soil available nutrients under N2 was the highest, and the contents of soil alkeline-N, available P, and available K with N2 were significantly increased by 18.8%, 19.0%, and 17.2%, respectively. Nitrogen application under straw returning could improve maize yield components and significantly increase grain yield, biomass yield, and harvest index. N2 treatment had the best effect with an average increase of 38.0% compared with CK. By function fitting with the three-year maize grain yields and nitrogen application rates, the highest grain maize yield was achieved under nitrogen application rate of 285.2 kg hm^-2. Compared with CK, N2 treatment had the best effect on maize water use efficiency (38.1%). The improvement of nitrogen agronomic efficiency (12.2-12.4 kg kg^-1) and nitrogen use efficiency (34.5%-39.2%) of N1 and N2 treatments were higher among all the treatments. Therefore, considering the viewpoint of nitrogen fertilizer rate reduction, yield increasing of maize, and efficient utilization of water and nitrogen, the pure nitrogen application rate at 250-300 kg hm^-2 can effectively improve soil physicochemical properties of sierozem in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia, increased soil water conservation ability, thus significantly increasing maize yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, it was recommended to apply it in maize straw returning process.

Key words: nitrogen application, straw returning, soil physicochemical properties, water and nitrogen use efficiency, maize yield

LI Rong, MIAN You-Ming, HOU Xian-Qing, LI Pei-Fu, WANG Xi-Na. Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application on soil properties, water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(10): 2820-2832.

Figures/Tables 8

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[40]	赵亚丽, 于淑婷, 穆心愿, 冀保毅, 郭海斌, 薛志伟, 李潮海. 深耕加秸秆还田下施氮量对土壤碳氮比、玉米产量及氮效率的影响. 河南农业科学, 2016, 45(10): 50-54.
	Zhao Y L, Yu S T, Mu X Y, Ji B Y, Guo H B, Xue Z W, Li C H. Effects of nitrogen application rate on soil C/N, maize yield and nitrogen efficiency under condition of deep tillage and straw returning. J Henan Agric Sci, 2016, 45(10): 50-54. (in Chinese with English abstract)

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生育时期 Growth stage		2016			2017			2018
生育时期 Growth stage		灌水量 Irrigation (m³ hm^-2)	降水量 R (mm)	追氮量 TD (kg hm^-2)	灌水量 Irrigation (m³ hm^-2)	降水量 R (mm)	追氮量 TD (kg hm^-2)	灌水量 Irrigation (m³ hm^-2)	降水量 R (mm)	追氮量 TD (kg hm^-2)
前期 Early stage	播种 Sowing	400	4.3	0	500	5.6	0	400	18.5	0
	苗期 Seedling	400	46.8	0	500	31.8	0	400	35.6	0
	拔节 Jointing	400	15.3	30	500	42.8	30	400	34.9	30
中期 Middle stage	小喇叭口 Small bell	600	5.3	30	600	33.5	30	600	27.7	30
	大喇叭口 Large bell	600	15.4	30	600	54.7	30	675	72.6	30
	抽雄 Tasseling	600	13.6	30	600	95.9	30	600	34.8	30
后期 Late stage	吐丝 Spinning	500	20.1	30	300	15.6	30	400	20.7	30
	灌浆 Filling	500	14.9	0	375	10.3	0	400	18.2	0
	乳熟 Milk	500	10.7	0	300	7.0	0	325	11.4	0
合计 Total		4500	146.4	150	4275	297.2	150	4200	274.4	150

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	生物产量 Biomass yield (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2016	CK	582±7 b	35.4±1.1 b	12,546±459 b	24,984±685 b	50.2±3.7 b
	N1	591±11 b	36.3±2.2 a	13,230±570 b	25,404±659 b	52.1±4.2 b
	N2	660±5 a	36.5±1.8 a	16,578±642 a	28,334±801 a	58.5±2.9 a
	N3	631±10 a	36.0±1.9 ab	15,525±587 a	28,203±713 a	55.1±4.8 a
2017	CK	454±35 c	39.4±5.8 a	11,906±477 b	24,764±528 b	48.1±3.6 b
	N1	582±29 b	40.4±3.6 a	13,993±419 ab	28,966±672 a	48.3±4.0 b
	N2	662±44 a	41.4±2.3 a	14,462±441 a	27,270±891 a	53.0±5.2 a
	N3	578±43 b	38.68±4.7 a	13,123±525 ab	25,529±729 b	51.4±3.4 ab
2018	CK	606±32 b	32.7±5.5 c	10,466±206 d	20,242±528 d	51.2±2.9 b
	N1	663±45 a	36.5±4.2 b	15,300±164 b	25,562±610 b	59.9±4.0 a
	N2	657±52 a	40.8±2.2 a	17,133±122 a	28,231±739 a	60.7±5.1 a
	N3	675±30 a	31.1±2.0 c	12,900±225 c	22,097±748 c	58.4±4.8 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	耗水量 Evapotranspiration (mm)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)	氮肥农学效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg kg^-1)	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency (%)
2016	CK	564.7±16.4 b	22.2±1.6 b	—	—
	N1	567.9±14.8 b	23.3±2.2 b	4.6±1.0 b	40.6±5.2 a
	N2	586.7±18.2 a	28.3±3.7 a	13.4±3.3 a	38.4±4.4 a
	N3	583.9±10.6 a	26.6±2.5 a	6.6±0.9 b	30.7±3.9 b
2017	CK	729.0±26.5 a	16.3±3.4 b	—	—
	N1	723.1±36.1 a	19.4±2.0 a	7.0±0.4 a	34.6±6.4 a
	N2	727.3±24.8 a	19.9±1.5 a	8.5±2.6 a	30.4±3.8 a
	N3	721.4±33.6 a	18.2±2.2 ab	2.7±1.5 b	23.0±2.7 b
2018	CK	712.5±23.4 b	14.7±1.9 c	—	—
	N1	753.7±34.1 a	19.0±3.1 b	25.6±0.8 a	42.3±4.3 a
	N2	708.9±29.4 b	24.2±3.2 a	14.8±0.6 b	34.6±6.1 b
	N3	658.2±31.7 c	19.6±2.6 b	5.4±1.6 c	22.2±3.9 c

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application on soil properties, water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize

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