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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 383-393.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34063

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Transcriptome and metabolomic analysis of foliar spraying of Salvia miltiorrhiza carbon dots to alleviate low phosphorus stress in sweetpotato

ZHU Xiao-Ya(), ZHANG Qiang-Qiang, ZHAO Peng, LIU Ming, WANG Jing, JIN Rong, YU Yong-Chao, TANG Zhong-Hou*()   

  1. Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province / National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-03-23 Accepted:2023-09-13 Online:2024-02-12 Published:2023-10-09
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhonghoutang@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Sweetpotato, CARS-10);Xuzhou Municipal Plan Project(KC22035)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of foliar sprayed carbon dots (CDs) on the growth and development of sweetpotato seedlings under low phosphorus (P) stress, discovery the key genes that regulate the response of sweetpotato roots to low P stress, analyze the synergistic changes between root metabolites and key genes, and explore the mechanism of CDs alleviating low P stress in sweetpotato. In this study, Shangshu 19 and Xushu 32 were selected as the experimental materials. Three treatments, namely, foliar sprayed with ultra-purewater (CK1 treatment), Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs (CDs treatment) at low P levels (0.01 mmol L-1 KH2PO4), foliar sprayed with ultra-pure water at normal P levels (1 mmol L-1 KH2PO4) (CK2 treatment), were set up to conduct metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of sweetpotato roots in different treatments, and analysis the changes in biomass and P content in leaves, stems and roots. Results showed that foliar sprayed Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs significantly increased the biomass of leaves, stems, and roots of sweetpotato seedlings under low P stress, increased the P content of roots, and enhanced the low P tolerance of sweetpotato seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that phosphate uptake and transport genes (PHO1, PHT1-4), root configuration regulation genes (ZAT6, ZFP5, PLT5), and inositol phosphate biosynthesis genes (VIP2) play key roles in alleviating low P stress in sweetpotato seedlings. The metabolomic analysis indicated that the relative expression level of inositol phosphate in sweetpotato roots treated with CDs was significantly lower than that in CK1 treatment. These results suggested that foliar spraying CDs can improve the ability of sweetpotato to absorb P by inducing the high affinity P uptake and transport system of sweetpotato and optimizing root configuration, while maintaining P homeostasis by adjusting the P metabolism process in the plant. However, there were differences in the response of different sweetpotato varieties to low P stress mediated by CDs. Compared with CK1 treatment, it was also observed that the expression levels of phosphate esters such as phosphoethanolamine and D-Myo-inositol 4-phosphate in the roots of Shangshu 19 were significantly reduced in CDs treatment, and the expression of citric acid and oxalic acid secreted by the roots of Xushu 32 significantly increased, which can activate insoluble P in the soil and promote P absorption by plants. This may be related to differences in low P tolerance among different sweetpotato varieties. In conclusion, these results can provide scientific support and theoretical basis for establishing efficient regulation theories and new pathways for P nutrition in sweetpotato, and also provide candidate molecular resources for subsequent research on nano CDs to alleviate low P stress in sweetpotato.

Key words: sweetpotato, low P stress, carbon dots, transcriptome, metabolome

Fig. 1

Effects of foliar spraying of Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs on the phenotypes of sweetpotato seedlings under low P stress CK1: foliar spraying of ultra-pure water under low P level; CDs: foliar treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza carbon dots solution under low P level; CK2: foliar spraying of ultra-pure water under normal P level."

Fig. 2

Effects of foliar spraying of Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs on the biomass of various organs of sweetpotato seedlings under low P stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate that the biomass of each sweetpotato organs in CDs and CK2 treatment is significantly different from that in CK1 treatment at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Effects of foliar spraying of Salvia miltiorrhiza CDs on the P content of various organs of sweetpotato seedlings under low P stress Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate that the P content of each sweetpotato organs in CDs and CK2 treatment is significantly different from that in CK1 treatment at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

PCA analysis of root gene expression in sweetpotato under different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 1

Summary of the number of differentially expressed genes"

品种
Variety		 分组
Grouping		 总基因数目
Total number of genes		 上调基因数目
No. of up-regulated genes		 下调基因数目
No. of down-regulated genes
商薯19
Shangshu 19		 CK1 vs CDs 3554 1265 2289
CK1 vs CK2 8419 3093 5326
徐薯32
Xushu 32		 CK1 vs CDs 2160 793 1367
CK1 vs CK2 7407 2854 4553

Fig. 5

Venn diagram of differential expression genes in sweetpotato roots in different groups Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 6

Relative expression pattern of genes related to phosphate absorption and transportation and root growth and development in the differentially expressed genes Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 2

Summary of the number of differentially expressed metabolites"

品种
Variety		 分组
Grouping		 总代谢物数目
Total number of metabolites		 上调代谢物数目
No. of up-regulated metabolites		 下调代谢物数目
No. of down-regulated metabolites
商薯19 Shangshu 19 CK1 vs CDs 62 19 43
CK1 vs CK2 72 30 42
徐薯32 Xushu 32 CK1 vs CDs 56 22 34
CK1 vs CK2 36 22 14

Fig. 7

Categories of DEMs in sweetpotato roots in different after foliar spraying carbon dots under low P stress (A) and Venn diagram of DEMs in sweetpotato roots in different groups (B) Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 3

Common differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in root metabolome of Shangshu 19 and Xushu 32"

差异代谢物
DEMs		 log2 (Fold Change) 分类
Classify
商薯19
Shangshu 19		 徐薯32
Xushu 32
尿囊素酸 Allantoic acid -2.55 -4.30 有机酸及其衍生物 Organic acids and derivatives
L-天门冬酰胺 L-asparagine -2.27 -5.16 有机酸及其衍生物 Organic acids and derivatives
瓜氨酸 Citrulline -2.00 -5.35 有机酸及其衍生物 Organic acids and derivatives
2-羟基十一酸 2-Hydroxyundecanoic acid -1.93 -3.53 脂质和类脂分子 Lipids and lipid-like molecules
氰基-L-丙氨酸 Cyano-L-alanine -1.12 -3.53 未分类 Unclassified
甲胺 Methylamine -1.26 -2.89 有机氮化合物 Organic nitrogen compounds
反-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸 Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline -1.48 -2.30 有机酸及其衍生物 Organic acids and derivatives
2,5-二羟基吡嗪 2,5-dihydroxy-pyrazine -1.29 -1.94 未分类 Unclassified
N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1.13 0.76 有机氧化合物 Organic oxygen compounds
N-甲基丙氨酸 N-methylalanine -0.92 -1.17 有机酸及其衍生物 Organic acids and derivatives
磷酸肌醇 Myo-inositol phosphate -0.69 -1.24 未分类 Unclassified

Fig. 8

Expression of phosphoethanolamine and D-Myo-Inositol 4-Phosphate of Shangshu 19 root (A) and citric acid and oxalic acid in of Xushu 32 root (B) in CK1 and CDs treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

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