矮秆基因Rht-D1在长江中下游麦区的育种利用探索

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51010

Abstract

Abstract:

Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 are the most widely utilized dwarfing genes in wheat breeding worldwide. In the long-term breeding practices of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, there has been a clear preference for dwarfing genes, with Rht-B1b being the predominant allele. To diversify dwarfing gene types and broaden the genetic base of local wheat varieties, this study aimed to introduce the major dwarfing allele Rht-D1b—commonly used in the Huang-huai wheat region—into the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Parental lines from both regions were used for hybridization, and progeny carrying different dwarfing genes were selected. Field-based phenotypic evaluations were then conducted to provide theoretical and germplasm support for future breeding efforts. The results showed no significant differences between Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b lines in traits such as spike number per unit area, plant height, spike length, flag leaf length and width, or angles between leaf and stem. However, the lines carrying Rht-D1b exhibited a significantly higher number of spikelets, a favorable trait with potential to enhance yield. On the other hand, Rht-D1b lines showed a markedly higher incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection compared to Rht-B1b lines. Importantly, the incorporation of FHB resistance genes substantially improved FHB resistance in lines with both dwarfing gene types. This study demonstrates that the introduction of Rht-D1b into wheat breeding programs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can effectively increase spikelet number and yield potential. Furthermore, the integration of FHB resistance genes can mitigate associated disease susceptibility. These newly developed lines also have potential as resistant parental materials for use in the Huang-Huai wheat breeding programs.

Key words: wheat, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, dwarfing genes, winter-spring hybridization, Fusarium head blight

JIANG Peng, WU Lei, HUANG Qian-Nan, LI Chang, WANG Hua-Dun, HE Yi, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Xu. Exploring the breeding utilization of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1 in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2077-2086.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Table S1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table S2

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Table S3

Agronomic characteristics and resistance to Fusarium head blight for some elite lines"

材料编号 No.	组合 Combinations	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area (×10⁶ hm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike (cm)		小穗数 Number of spikelets		穗长Spike length (cm)		旗叶长度Flag leaf length (cm)
Line 1	益科麦5号/扬14-122 Yikemai 5/Yang 14-122	Rht-B1b	6.52	81.75	28.35		18.42		8.21		18.40
Line 2	明麦16/扬辐麦4号 Mingmai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-B1b	6.55	82.50	28.63		17.46		8.50		20.17
Line 3	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	5.58	84.75	30.08		21.63		9.56		21.59
Line 4	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	6.57	87.75	32.19		21.92		9.53		23.07
Line 5	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	7.88	80.00	26.04		17.42		8.13		20.17
Line 6	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	6.14	78.50	26.56		17.67		8.47		21.44
Line 7	BHY12/扬14-163 BHY12/Yang 14-163	Rht-B1b	5.18	86.50	27.69		19.71		9.15		19.91
Line 8	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	6.62	81.75	27.25		16.75		8.06		20.24
Line 9	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	6.05	82.25		28.00		18.46		8.98	21.13
Line 10	周麦35/NY51 Zhoumai 35/NY51	Rht-B1b	6.76	84.25		28.90		17.08		8.69	22.54
材料编号No.	组合 Combination	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm)	茎叶夹角Angles between leaf and stem (°)		Fhb1		QFhb-5A		赤霉病病小穗率Percentage of scabbed spikelets (%)
Line 1	益科麦5号/扬14-122 Yikemai 5/Yang 14-122	Rht-B1b	2.21	36.83		+		+		5.00
Line 2	明麦16/扬辐麦4号 Mingmai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-B1b	2.25	37.13		+		+		22.00
Line 3	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	2.09	27.63		+		+		14.00
Line 4	周麦16/扬辐麦4号 Zhoumai 16/Yangfumai 4	Rht-D1b	2.16	54.83		+		+		15.00
Line 5	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	2.28	28.46		+		+		23.50
Line 6	BHY12/宁麦26 BHY12/Ningmai 26	Rht-B1b	2.28	40.54		+		+		17.50
Line 7	BHY12/扬14-163 BHY12/Yang 14-163	Rht-B1b	2.22	34.42		+		+		6.50
Line 8	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	2.32	36.46		+		+		22.50
Line 9	农麦152/宁麦13 Nongmai 152/Ningmai 13	Rht-B1b	2.31	58.33		+		+		13.00
Line 10	周麦35/NY51 Zhoumai 35/NY51	Rht-B1b	2.14	26.58		+		+		19.00

Table S3

References 23

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性状 Trait	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	株高 Plant height	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	小穗数 Number of spikelets	穗长 Spike length	旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem
单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	0.16^*	0.09	0.20^*	-0.39^**	-0.06	0.07	0.14	0.13
株高 Plant height	-0.01	0.59^**	0.51^**	-0.04	-0.02	0.09	-0.12	0.34^**
穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	-0.15	0.41^**	0.67^**	-0.33^**	0.04	0.38^**	0.06	0.38^**
小穗数 Number of spikelets	-0.18^*	0.24^**	-0.12	0.62^**	0.42^**	0.10	-0.06	0.04
穗长 Spike length	-0.24^**	-0.04	0.13	0.21^**	0.51^**	0.10	0.05	0.26^**
旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	-0.18^*	-0.21^**	0.34^**	-0.34^**	0.10	0.46^**	0.31^**	0.26^**
旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	-0.05	-0.27^**	0.11	-0.21^**	0.01	0.53^**	0.61^**	0.09
茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem	-0.18^*	0.14	0.36^**	0.11	0.23^**	0.36^**	0.20^*	0.26^**

项目 Item	单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area	株高 Plant height	穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike	小穗数 Number of spikelets	穗长 Spike length	旗叶长度 Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width	茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem
杂交组合 Combinations	5.87^**	8.62^**	11.77^**	19.21^**	6.89^**	15.09^**	14.29^**	9.52^**
矮秆基因 Dwarfing genes	8.54^**	0.24	0	55.51^**	1.77	2.53	0.01	0.17
生长季 Growing season	25.66^**	1.00	15.00^**	34.98^**	176.75^**	30.66^**	95.32^**	107.21^**
杂交组合×生长季 Combinations × growing season	2.91^**	3.04^**	1.29	3.11^**	1.11	5.31^**	2.03^*	8.04^**
矮秆基因×生长季 Dwarfing genes × growing season	0.80	0.05	1.05	10.77^**	0.81	6.81^**	5.93^*	2.40
杂交组合×矮秆基因 Combinations × dwarfing genes	2.35^**	11.91^**	6.56^**	10.00^**	4.29^**	8.09^**	6.30^**	8.26^**

性状 Trait	生长季 Growing season	矮秆基因Dwarfing genes	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)
单位面积穗数 Spike number per unit area (×10⁶ hm^-2)	2023	Rht-B1b	3.70-9.98	6.09	0.92	15.05
	2023	Rht-D1b	3.98-7.40	5.90	0.77	13.05
	2024	Rht-B1b	3.28-9.82	5.67	1.03	18.20
	2024	Rht-D1b	3.45-7.80	5.29	0.96	18.21
株高 Plant height (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	56.00-100.50	83.54	6.71	8.03
	2023	Rht-D1b	72.00-101.50	83.18	6.38	7.67
	2024	Rht-B1b	55.50-98.50	83.83	5.82	6.94
	2024	Rht-D1b	72.50-98.00	83.26	5.64	6.78
穗下节间长度 Length of internode below the spike (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	17.67-35.92	27.50	2.83	10.28
	2023	Rht-D1b	21.42-38.67	27.66	3.71	13.40
	2024	Rht-B1b	21.83-32.63	28.69	2.12	7.37
	2024	Rht-D1b	20.63-37.04	28.46	3.59	12.63
小穗数 Number of spikelets	2023	Rht-B1b	16.17-23.58	18.95	1.98	10.43
	2023	Rht-D1b	16.67-25.00	20.91	1.99	9.50
	2024	Rht-B1b	15.33-23.83	18.49	1.98	10.73
	2024	Rht-D1b	17.08-23.92	19.80	1.52	7.67
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	7.50-11.84	9.48	0.84	8.82
	2023	Rht-D1b	7.17-11.63	9.55	0.80	8.41
	2024	Rht-B1b	7.08-10.03	8.49	0.60	7.06
	2024	Rht-D1b	7.30-10.12	8.66	0.59	6.84
旗叶长度 Flag leaf length (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	14.00-29.33	22.02	2.58	11.72
	2023	Rht-D1b	13.25-29.88	21.73	3.77	17.34
	2024	Rht-B1b	14.61-24.96	20.22	2.06	10.21
	2024	Rht-D1b	15.55-27.18	21.10	2.78	13.18
旗叶宽度 Flag leaf width (cm)	2023	Rht-B1b	1.73-2.57	2.26	0.17	7.68
	2023	Rht-D1b	1.84-2.67	2.22	0.18	7.97
	2024	Rht-B1b	1.65-2.55	2.10	0.14	6.68
	2024	Rht-D1b	1.79-2.53	2.12	0.16	7.34
茎叶夹角 Angles between leaf and stem (°)	2023	Rht-B1b	17.50-49.58	32.94	6.47	19.65
	2023	Rht-D1b	20.00-53.33	33.26	7.84	23.58
	2024	Rht-B1b	21.58-90.00	41.88	17.42	41.59
	2024	Rht-D1b	20.42-90.00	39.97	17.27	43.20

Exploring the breeding utilization of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1 in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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