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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2307-2317.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and analysis of related physiological responses

ZHU Jin-Cheng1(), YANG Qiu-Hua1, CHENG Li-Xiang1, LI Wen-Li2, SHI Ming-Ming3, LI Hui-Xia3,*(), ZHANG Feng1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-12-31 Accepted:2025-06-01 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-06-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhangf@gsau.edu.cn; E-mail: lihx@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Program(2023CYZC-44);Gansu Province University Science and Research Innovation Platform(2024CXPT-01)

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Abstract:

This study aimed to identify potato germplasm with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and to analyze their physiological defense responses, thereby providing a theoretical basis for breeding nematode-resistant potato varieties and enriching pest-resistant germplasm resources. Molecular identification of nematodes was performed using the universal primer pair D2A/D3B and the M. incognita-specific primer pair Inc-K14-F/Inc-K14-R. A total of 54 wild potato introgression lines and 31 cultivated varieties were inoculated with M. incognita, and the numbers of egg masses and root galls were recorded 35 days after inoculation. The egg index (EI), gall index (GI), and disease index (DI) were calculated to evaluate resistance. Following preliminary screening, non-inoculated resistant and susceptible materials were used as controls, and the contents of lignin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in roots were measured at 3, 7, and 35 days post-inoculation to analyze the physiological responses of resistant potato root systems to M. incognita. The results revealed significant variation in egg mass and root gall numbers, EI, and GI among the 85 potato genotypes. Based on DI values, materials were categorized into four resistance levels: highly resistant (1 < DI ≤ 2), moderately susceptible (4 < DI ≤ 5), susceptible (5 < DI ≤ 6), and highly susceptible (DI > 6). The wild introgression line 232-8 was identified as highly resistant (DI = 1.01); lines 232-9 (DI = 4.02), 315-53 (DI = 4.09), and 390-10 (DI = 4.33) were moderately susceptible; while lines 364-3 (DI = 5.17), 19-2 (DI = 5.28), 53-1 (DI = 5.88), and 317-8 (DI = 5.88) were susceptible. The remaining 77 genotypes were highly susceptible, with DI values ranging from 6.13 to 74.26; Tianshu 12 showed the highest DI (74.26). Following M. incognita inoculation, line 232-8 exhibited significantly higher root contents of lignin, JA, and SA compared with Tianshu 12. Lignin content peaked at 35 days post-inoculation (476.18 mg g-1), while JA and SA contents peaked at 7 days (10.80 ng g-1 and 1623.15 ng g-1, respectively). These results suggest that wild potato introgression line 232-8 is resistant to M. incognita, and the significant induction of lignin, JA, and SA following nematode invasion may contribute to its physiological resistance mechanisms.

Key words: potato, Meloidogyne incognita, introgression lines, resistance screening, physiological resistance

Table 1

Materials used in the study"

序号
Code		 材料编号
Material		 亲本组合
Parent combination		 序号
Code		 材料编号
Material		 亲本组合
Parent combination
1 140-5 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7 5 179-3 82-4×POROIPG22-1
2 364-7 82-4×PM×03LB16-16 6 315-53 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
3 232-9 PA99N82-4×Artic sd1g 7 232-11 PA99N82-4×Artic sd1g
4 271-6 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 8 315-56 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
9 232-1 PA99N82-4×Artic sd1g 44 232-8 PA99N82-4×Artic sd1g
10 271-14 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 45 53-1 PA99N82-4×PA99N12-1
11 271-12 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 46 390-58 PA99N82-4×Gem russet
12 315-25 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 47 140-3 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7
13 271-7 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 48 315-28 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
14 315-12 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 49 374-3 82-4×ABA07H
15 374-2 82-4×ABA07H 50 315-6 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
16 140-7 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7 51 179-2 82-4×POROIPG22-1
17 332-18 PA92N5-2×Dto33 52 140-8 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7
18 315-32 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 53 315-44 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
19 271-15 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 54 315-49 82-4×PORO6PG48-1
20 19-2 PA98N5-2×ABA039 55 1428-1-31 Ranger burbank×0730-180
21 374-3 82-4×ABA07H 56 1428-1-35 Ranger burbank×0730-180
22 19-15 PA98N5-2×ABA039 57 1416-5 大西洋×0730-185 Atlantic×0730-185
23 315-15 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 58 1423-1-8 Burbank×0730-185
24 19-28 PA98N5-2×ABA039 59 1402-1 大西洋×0730-185
Atlantic×0730-185
25 271-8 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 60 1423-1-20 Burbank×0730-185
26 364-6 82-4×PM×03LB16-16 61 1423-1-9 Burbank×0730-185
27 390-10 PA99N82-4×Gem Russet 62 14231-22 Burbank×0730-185
28 315-51 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 63 1412-1 大西洋×0730-185 Atlantic×0730-185
29 19-20 PA98N5-2×ABA039 64 1428-1-26 Ranger burbank×陇薯7号
Ranger burbank×Longshu 7
30 140-2 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7 65 1425-1-13 Ivory Burbank×陇薯7号
Ivory Burbank×Longshu 7
31 374-8 82-4×ABA07H 66 1422-1-22 Ranger burbank×0730-185
32 364-3 82-4×PM×03LB16-16 67 青薯9号 Qingshu 9 3875213×APHRODITE
33 140-6 POR00HG5-1×A9085-7 68 陇薯15号 Longshu 15 青薯9号×L0202-2
Qingshu 9×L0202-2
34 19-37 PA98N5-2×ABA039 69 天薯10号 Tianshu 10 庄薯3号×郑薯1号
Zhuangshu 3×Zhengshu 1
35 271-13 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 70 布尔班克 Burbank —
36 315-20 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 71 天薯14号 Tianshu 14 陇薯7号×青薯9号
Longshu 7×Qingshu 9
37 313-1 PA99N82-4×Norkotah 72 陇薯10号 Longshu 10 83-33-1×119-8
38 232-2 PA99N82-4×Artic sd1g 73 天薯12号 Tianshu 12 97-8-98×90-10-58-1
39 364-1 82-4×PM×03LB16-16 74 甘农薯9号 Gannongshu 9 大西洋×陇薯7号
Atlantic×Longshu 7
40 315-40 82-4×PORO6PG48-1 75 大西洋 Atlantic B5141-6×Wauseon
41 271-3 POR00HG5-1×A9045-7 76 陇薯14号 Longshu 14 L9712-2×L0202-2
42 374-1 82-4×ABA07H 77 天薯11号 Tianshu 11 天薯7号×庄薯3号
Tianshu 7×Zhuangshu 3
43 317-8 82-4×MY121 78 甘农薯7号Gannongshu 7 大西洋×陇薯7号
Atlantic×Longshu 7
79 定薯4号 Dingshu 4 定薯1号×陇薯5号
Dingshu 1×Longshu 5		 83 庄薯3号 Zhuangshu 3 87-46-1×青85-5-1
87-46-1×Qing 85-5-5
80 新大坪
Xindaping		 — 84 定薯6号 Dingshu 6 定薯1号×大西洋
Dingshu 1×Atlantic
81 陇红1号 Longhong 1 991719×991478 85 甘农薯18号
Gannongshu 18		 Carminelle×H0940
82 庄薯5号 Zhuangshu 5 庄薯3号×新大坪
Zhuangshu 3×Xindaping

Fig. 1

Molecular identification of M. incognita M: DL2000 Marker; the lanes 1 to 6 were amplified with the M. incognita specific primer Inc-K14-F/Inc-K14-R, and the lanes 8 to 13 were amplified with the nematode general primer D2A/D3B."

Fig. 2

Phenotypic responses of potato germplasm to M. incognita infection The red color is the M. incognita egg mass stained with sodium hypochlorite-acid fuchsia. A: Tianshu 12; B: 364-3; C: 232-9; D: 232-8."

Table 2

Root responses of 85 potato germplasms after inoculation with M. incognita"

材料名称
Material name		 卵块数量
Number of egg masses		 根结数量
Number of root knots		 卵粒指数
Egg index		 根结指数
Gall index		 根鲜重
Fresh root weight
140-5 306.67±15.57 de 72.33±4.04 de 42.06±7.82 de 9.92±1.19 de 7.29±0.10 cd
364-7 225.33±28.57 fg 48.67±13.20 ef 30.45±4.64 ef 6.58±2.44 ef 7.40±0.30 cd
232-9 26.33±12.42 ig 17.33±5.51 f 3.35±1.06 i 2.21±2.49 f 7.85±0.18 bc
271-6 195.67±35.13 fg 48.33±5.03 ef 25.71±3.29 fg 6.35±1.54 ef 7.61±0.26 bc
179-3 272.33±6.66 ef 69.00±2.64 de 36.80±7.42 def 9.32±1.76 de 7.40±0.10 cd
315-53 24.00±2.16 hi 19.66±4.04 f 3.17±1.68 hi 2.59±0.35 f 7.58±0.19 bc
232-11 217.33±17.21 fg 33.67±3.21 f 28.94±3.67 f 4.50±0.23 f 7.51±0.01 cd
315-56 239.00±15.10 f 95.33±3.06 cd 32.34±4.33 ef 12.90±2.42 cd 7.39±0.22 cd
232-1 218.33±18.45 fg 63.67±3.21 f 29.38±6.71 f 8.98±0.69 e 7.43±0.42 cd
271-14 180.33±10.60 g 53.33±7.64 ef 23.54±4.43 fg 6.96±0.81 ef 7.66±0.29 bc
271-12 216.33±9.50 fg 56.33±6.51 ef 27.52±3.42 fg 6.12±2.39 ef 7.86±0.41 bc
315-25 282.33±27.61 ef 77.33±8.50 de 38.78±4.16 de 9.78±0.40 de 7.28±0.09 bc
271-7 268.33±14.84 ef 82.33±10.02 de 35.35±7.33 ef 12.51±1.68 de 7.59±0.09 bc
315-12 145.00±17.78 gh 44.33±2.89 ef 18.78±2.81 gh 6.69±1.04 ef 7.72±0.28 bc
374-2 41.00±8.36 hi 29.00±1.73 f 5.33±1.22 hi 3.77±0.64 f 7.69±0.25 bc
140-7 239.00±27.78 f 52.33±14.50 ef 32.78±5.01 ef 6.79±1.17 ef 7.29±0.20 cd
332-18 189.00±5.29 fg 70.00±3.00 de 24.20±6.59 fg 8.66±1.09 de 7.81±0.10 bc
315-32 287.67±54.65 ef 53.33±4.16 ef 38.15±7.55 de 6.65±1.49 ef 7.54±0.41 bc
271-15 262.67±13.32 ef 75.00±20.07 de 35.59±7.71 ef 10.53±2.08 de 7.38±0.23 cd
19-2 37.67±9.02 h 10.67±6.11 f 5.08±1.07 gh 1.44±0.30 f 7.41±0.35 cd
374-5 186.33±10.41 fg 43.67±10.97 ef 25.35±4.47 fg 5.81±1.30 ef 7.35±0.28 cd
19-15 203.33±11.93 fg 74.00±4.58 de 27.37±4.72 fg 9.77±2.91 de 7.43±0.23 cd
315-15 286.00±29.51 ef 81.33±2.08 de 38.86±3.72 de 8.17±2.36 de 7.36±0.16 cd
19-28 223.00±29.61 fg 57.67±8.62 ef 29.69±4.64 f 7.46±1.13 ef 7.51±0.11 cd
271-8 170.67±16.04 gh 45.00±4.00 ef 23.25±2.63 fg 5.05±0.86 ef 7.34±0.28 cd
364-6 146.33±24.66 gh 42.67±11.02 ef 19.41±3.25 gh 4.22±1.33 ef 7.54±0.07 bc
390-10 30.67±7.90 hi 15.33±6.51 ef 3.87±5.76 hi 1.94±0.22 f 7.92±0.10 b
315-51 274.00±38.70 ef 89.33±0.58 de 36.39±6.66 ef 12.69±2.24 de 7.53±0.23 bcd
19-20 312.67±66.01 de 114.67±26.76 cd 42.31±6.16 de 13.14±2.94 cd 7.39±0.10 cd
140-2 274.00±26.00 ef 74.00±12.77 de 35.31±4.45 ef 9.04±1.65 de 7.76±0.14 bc
374-8 268.00±9.54 ef 151.00±34.04 b 37.07±5.73 def 15.19±1.56 ab 7.23±0.15 cd
364-3 34.00±6.68 hi 19.67±2.39 ef 4.47±1.73 gh 2.59±0.17 ef 7.60±0.10 bc
140-6 101.33±18.15 hi 26.67±4.16 f 12.99±2.01 h 6.53±0.87 f 7.80±0.10 bc
19-37 156.33±17.10 gh 63.00±29.82 e 21.21±3.80 g 9.10±1.56 e 7.37±0.21 cd
271-13 176.67±29.53 g 37.67±5.13 ef 24.78±4.85 fg 6.48±0.37 ef 7.13±0.06 d
315-20 380.67±57.62 cd 135.67±18.72 bc 49.96±7.35 cd 20.06±0.83 bc 7.62±0.31 bc
313-1 390.00±41.73 cd 94.33±39.83 cd 50.39±7.68 cd 9.56±1.60 de 7.74±0.14 bc
232-2 289.67±26.01 ef 72.00±23.52 de 36.99±6.61 def 12.66±2.07 de 7.83±0.06 bc
364-1 253.00±29.05 ef 55.00±12.12 ef 34.80±6.31 ef 7.51±0.67 ef 7.27±0.16 cd
315-40 204.67±14.01 fg 73.33±7.37 de 27.00±5.92 fg 9.69±1.18 de 7.58±0.26 bc
271-3 196.00±42.93 fg 55.00±12.12 ef 26.67±5.94 fg 6.46±1.67 ef 7.35±0.25 cd
374-1 219.67±57.07 fg 66.33±20.60 de 29.57±6.42 f 8.32±3.60 de 7.43±0.23 cd
317-8 36.67±5.13 h 19.00±2.21 f 5.22±4.79 gh 2.71±0.48 f 7.02±0.08 d
232-8 1.00±0.00 j 7.33±1.53 f 0.14±0.00 i 1.16±0.19 f 7.35±0.14 cd
53-1 32.00±2.65 i 25.00±7.00 f 4.27±1.67 hi 3.33±0.33 f 7.50±0.10 cd
390-58 194.33±20.03 fg 22.67±2.08 f 26.15±3.48 fg 3.62±0.89 f 7.43±0.21 cd
140-3 187.67±8.08 fg 51.00±14.18 ef 25.43±3.58 fg 8.60±0.91 ef 7.38±0.07 cd
315-28 349.33±26.10 d 69.00±2.65 de 47.40±7.59 cd 6.88±0.50 de 7.37±0.23 cd
374-3 180.00±28.02 g 40.00±5.00 ef 23.56±3.51 fg 6.75±0.58 ef 7.64±0.25 bc
315-6 213.33±12.01 fg 56.33±6.81 ef 25.64±3.53 fg 7.57±1.49 ef 8.32±0.21 ab
179-2 42.67±22.03 hi 17.33±15.04 ef 5.68±1.43 h 2.31±0.44 ef 7.51±0.53 cd
140-8 302.33±20.50 de 92.00±2.00 d 41.36±5.04 d 11.95±2.85 cd 7.31±0.53 cd
315-44 232.33±51.54 fg 125.67±29.96 bc 33.19±5.09 ef 33.93±2.85 bc 7.00±0.89 d
315-49 187.33±38.28 fg 132.00±20.07 bc 24.78±3.82 fg 16.02±2.50 bc 7.56±0.65 bc
1428-1-31 400.33±31.92 cd 86.67±13.65 de 55.22±6.72 c 9.58±2.40 de 7.25±0.15 cd
1416-5 294.00±17.09 e 104.33±18.93 cd 38.68±6.42 de 13.97±5.93 cd 7.60±0.17 bc
1428-1-35 477.00±19.08 b 109.67±27.06 cd 64.46±8.14 b 14.2±5.85 cd 7.40±0.36 cd
1423-1-8 358.67±29.40 cd 90.67±27.32 de 48.47±5.85 c 10.57±4.24 d 7.40±0.26 cd
1402-1 198.00±38.35 fg 66.33±19.69 de 26.76±5.41 fg 8.06±4.78 de 7.40±0.17 cd
1423-1-20 88.00±23.90 hi 42.00±16.09 ef 11.34±1.79 h 3.96±1.98 ef 7.76±0.20 bc
1423-1-9 410.67±23.86 c 111.00±28.48 cd 53.75±7.20 c 13.95±3.65 cd 7.64±0.14 bc
1422-1-22 333.33±40.87 ef 82.33±24.09 de 45.17±7.56 e 10.19±4.34 de 7.38±0.04 c
1412-1 270.33±29.67 ef 75.33±14.21 de 35.15±5.15 ef 8.91±3.94 de 7.69±0.11 bc
1428-1-26 319.33±22.19de 98.33±17.01cd 42.13±5.69de 13.47±4.73cd 7.58±0.10bc
1425-1-13 260.33±24.58 ef 79.67±15.63 de 33.99±5.64 ef 9.33±1.73 de 7.66±0.15 bc
1422-1-22 213.67±28.43 ef 71.00±11.00 de 27.82±4.40 e 8.54±3.90 de 7.68±0.25 c
甘农薯18号Gannongshu 18 188.67±15.02 fg 74.00±23.58 de 24.40±3.60 fg 10.05±2.26 de 7.73±0.16 bc
布尔班克Burbank 226.00±11.53 fg 73.67±7.37 de 29.35±3.41 fg 8.84±0.66 de 7.70±0.25 bc
天薯14号Tianshu 14 496.33±25.01 ab 141.00±43.09 bc 63.71±8.58 ab 15.50±1.14 bc 7.79±0.25 bc
陇薯10号Longshu 10 516.00±42.04 ab 181.33±22.68 a 68.89±9.94 a 23.54±2.34 a 7.49±0.26 cd
天薯12号Tianshu 12 540.00±34.39 a 171.67±14.01 b 70.77±10.46 a 20.90±2.93 b 7.63±0.19 bc
甘农薯9号Gannongshu 9 507.33±19.60 ab 165.67±22.12 ab 65.89±8.15 ab 20.74±3.67 ab 7.70±0.18 bc
大西洋Atlantic 287.00±28.05 ef 75.67±9.29 de 38.06±7.50 de 9.52±1.32 de 7.54±0.04 bc
陇薯14号Longshu 14 387.67±24.82 cd 102.67±13.61 cd 52.53±9.94 cd 13.74±2.75 cd 7.38±0.10 cd
天薯11号Tianshu 11 451.00±16.52 bc 164.00±17.78 ab 58.65±9.56 bc 20.26±1.06 ab 7.69±0.18 bc
甘农薯7号Gannongshu 7 272.33±40.67 ef 85.00±18.00 de 37.10±7.24 ef 11.05±1.83 de 7.34±0.15 cd
定薯4号Dingshu 4 359.33±36.07 cd 114.00±16.64 cd 20.34±4.38 cd 14.46±1.42 cd 7.82±0.13 bc
新大坪Xindaping 323.67±28.73 de 121.33±17.56 c 38.53±5.45 de 16.26±1.02 c 7.46±0.29 cd
陇红1号Longhong 1 385.00±32.51 cd 104.00±14.93 cd 43.70±5.27 c 12.16±5.19 cd 8.55±0.22 a
庄薯5号Zhuangshu 5 319.33±32.87 de 101.00±25.87 cd 37.13±4.20 de 12.64±6.34 cd 8.60±0.36 a
青薯9号Qingshu 9 156.00±50.00 gh 77.67±19.66 de 20.34±4.22 g 12.12±5.67 de 7.67±0.15 bc
庄薯3号Zhuangshu 3 296.67±35.50 de 96.00±19.00 cd 38.53±5.14 ef 12.47±1.17 de 7.70±0.10 bc
陇薯15号Longshu 15 326.00±40.73 de 114.33±20.26 cd 43.70±6.85 de 15.32±1.67 cd 7.46±0.29 cd
定薯6号Dingshu 6 294.00±38.16 e 85.33±9.09 de 39.25±6.74 de 11.39±2.04 de 7.49±0.16 cd
天薯10号Tianshu 10 376.67±38.53 cd 118.67±14.84 cd 49.50±6.90 cd 15.58±2.70 cd 7.61±0.30 bc

Fig. 3

Disease index of potato materials against M. incognita"

Fig. 4

Lignin and hormone contents of potato roots S: Tianshu 12; R: 232-8. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in root lignin and hormone contents between the two materials and across different time points after M. incognita inoculation."

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