近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41093

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examines changes in the yield and quality of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China’s Northern and Southern winter wheat production areas over the past two decades, as well as the correlations between these traits. The objective is to clarify trends in yield and quality during variety replacement, providing a valuable reference for future wheat breeding and high-quality cultivation innovations. A total of 1,187 nationally approved winter wheat varieties from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed and classified into four quality types: strong gluten wheat (SGW), medium strong gluten wheat (MSGW), middle gluten wheat (MGW), and weak gluten wheat (WGW). Their yield potential, yield components, and quality characteristics were evaluated. Since 2017, the number of approved winter wheat varieties has increased significantly in both production areas, with MGW being the dominant type. In the Northern winter wheat area, MGW varieties exhibited the highest yield, while in the Southern winter wheat area, MGW varieties outperformed WGW in yield. In the Northern region, as the approval year increased, growth duration significantly shortened, and yield improved over time, with MSGW varieties showing the largest yield increase (0.14 t hm^-² per year). However, protein and wet gluten content in MSGW varieties declined annually by 0.07% and 0.15%, respectively, while the stability time of SGW and MSGW varieties increased by 0.27 and 0.25 minutes per year, respectively. In the Southern region, MSGW and MGW varieties exhibited significant yield increases, with MGW varieties showing annual increases of 0.22% in wet gluten content and 0.07 minutes in stability time. Correlation analysis revealed that in the Northern region, the number of grains per spike had the highest correlation with yield in SGW and MGW varieties, while grain weight showed the strongest correlation with yield in MGW varieties. Additionally, protein content in SGW and MGW varieties was positively correlated with wet gluten content, stability time, and stretch area. In the Southern region, spike number was significantly positively correlated with yield in MSGW and MGW varieties, while in WGW varieties, the number of grains per spike was positively correlated with yield. In the Northern region, a balanced increase in yield components further enhanced both yield and quality, whereas in the Southern region, MSGW and MGW varieties improved yield through increased spike number, while WGW varieties maintained lower protein content by increasing grains per spike and optimizing cultivation management, thereby enhancing yield while ensuring processing adaptability. Looking ahead, under the challenges of climate change, achieving a coordinated improvement in both yield and quality remains a critical scientific issue that must be urgently addressed in China’s wheat breeding and high-quality cultivation innovations.

Key words: winter wheat, national approval, variety, yield, quality

WU Liu-Ge, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Xin, DENG Ai-Xing, SONG Zhen-Wei, ZHENG Cheng-Yan, ZHANG Wei-Jian. Changes in yield and quality traits of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China over last twenty years[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.

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Changes in yield and quality traits of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China over last twenty years

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