近二十年国审冬小麦品种的产量与品质性状变化趋势研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41093

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examines changes in the yield and quality of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China’s Northern and Southern winter wheat production areas over the past two decades, as well as the correlations between these traits. The objective is to clarify trends in yield and quality during variety replacement, providing a valuable reference for future wheat breeding and high-quality cultivation innovations. A total of 1187 nationally approved winter wheat varieties from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed and classified into four quality types: strong gluten wheat (SGW), medium strong gluten wheat (MSGW), middle gluten wheat (MGW), and weak gluten wheat (WGW). Their yield, yield components, and quality characteristics were evaluated. Since 2017, the number of approved winter wheat varieties has increased significantly in both production areas, with MGW being the dominant type. In the Northern winter wheat area, MGW varieties exhibited the highest yield, while in the Southern winter wheat area, MGW varieties outperformed WGW in yield. In the Northern region, as the approval year increased, growth duration significantly shortened, and yield improved over time, with MSGW varieties showing the largest yield increase (0.14 t hm^-2 per year). However, protein and wet gluten content in MSGW varieties declined annually by 0.07% and 0.15%, respectively, while the stability time of SGW and MSGW varieties increased by 0.27 and 0.25 minutes per year, respectively. In the Southern region, MSGW and MGW varieties exhibited significant yield increases, with MGW varieties showing annual increases of 0.22% in wet gluten content and 0.07 minutes in stability time. Correlation analysis revealed that in the Northern region, the number of grains per spike had the highest correlation with yield in SGW and MGW varieties, while grain weight showed the strongest correlation with yield in MGW varieties. Additionally, protein content in SGW and MGW varieties was positively correlated with wet gluten content, stability time, and stretch area. In the Southern region, spike number was significantly positively correlated with yield in MSGW and MGW varieties, while in WGW varieties, the number of grains per spike was positively correlated with yield. In the Northern region, a balanced increase in yield components further enhanced both yield and quality, whereas in the Southern region, MSGW and MGW varieties improved yield through increased spike number, while WGW varieties maintained lower protein content by increasing grains per spike and optimizing cultivation management, thereby enhancing yield while ensuring processing adaptability. Looking ahead, under the challenges of climate change, achieving a coordinated improvement in both yield and quality remains a critical scientific issue that must be urgently addressed in China’s wheat breeding and high-quality cultivation innovations.

Key words: winter wheat, national approval, variety, yield, quality

WU Liu-Ge, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Xin, DENG Ai-Xing, SONG Zhen-Wei, ZHENG Cheng-Yan, ZHANG Wei-Jian. Changes in yield and quality traits of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China over last twenty years[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.

Figures/Tables 7

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区域 Region	品种类型 Type	参数 Parameter	生育期 Growth period (d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
北方冬麦区 NWWPA	SGW	均值 Mean	229.19	79.65	610.59	33.02	42.77	7.70
	SGW	变异系数CV (%)	3.95	6.41	8.04	8.77	8.23	15.07
	MSGW	均值 Mean	229.07	80.62	623.15	34.44	43.44	8.29
	MSGW	变异系数CV (%)	3.63	6.46	7.60	7.46	6.76	11.24
	MGW	均值 Mean	230.24	79.93	609.24	34.26	43.82	8.01
	MGW	变异系数CV (%)	4.25	5.62	8.10	8.02	7.56	13.09
南方冬麦区 SWWPA	MSGW	均值 Mean	197.42	84.74	462.28	36.38	44.62	6.41
	MSGW	变异系数CV (%)	1.58	3.94	9.43	9.04	5.90	10.50
	MGW	均值 Mean	195.69	84.55	439.91	39.11	42.56	6.25
	MGW	变异系数CV (%)	3.04	5.26	11.92	6.66	5.92	9.84
	WGW	均值 Mean	191.88	85.10	420.16	39.10	41.58	5.88
	WGW	变异系数CV (%)	3.47	4.54	8.91	9.71	6.84	10.04

区域 Region	品种类型 Type	参数 Parameter	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	拉伸面积 Extension area (cm²)	最大拉伸阻力 Max. tensile resistance (E.U)
北方冬麦区 NWWPA	SGW	均值 Mean	15.12	32.52	60.18	14.56	116.02	539.57
	SGW	变异系数 CV (%)	5.43	5.88	4.93	42.36	30.38	23.57
	MSGW	均值 Mean	14.38	31.12	60.66	11.04	99.10	505.04
	MSGW	变异系数 CV (%)	4.90	5.89	3.32	37.07	17.99	17.60
	MGW	均值 Mean	14.10	31.62	59.19	4.19	52.92	267.73
	MGW	变异系数 CV (%)	5.31	8.10	5.14	51.44	38.07	43.40
南方冬麦区 SWWPA	MSGW	均值 Mean	14.31	30.43	62.39	7.18	97.71	472.36
	MSGW	变异系数 CV (%)	4.92	7.94	3.27	14.55	20.73	25.57
	MGW	均值 Mean	12.92	26.43	57.88	3.56	61.37	286.88
	MGW	变异系数 CV (%)	6.20	12.14	6.55	43.25	40.73	46.24
	WGW	均值 Mean	11.90	23.54	53.87	2.26	53.52	256.67
	WGW	变异系数 CV (%)	4.57	6.31	3.14	33.15	29.26	36.54

区域Region	品种类型Type	性状Trait	生育期GP	株高PH	穗数SN	穗粒数GNS	千粒重TGW
北方冬麦区NWWPA	SGW	株高PH	-0.21	—	—	—	—
		穗数SN	-0.09	-0.20	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	-0.21	-0.05	-0.07	—	—
		千粒重TGW	-0.23	0.01	0.03	0	—
		产量Y	-0.42^**	-0.08	0.50^**	0.54^**	0.50^**
	MSGW	株高PH	-0.14	—	—	—	—
		穗数SN	-0.02	0.19	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	-0.13	-0.15	-0.20^*	—	—
		千粒重TGW	-0.41^**	0.19	-0.26^**	0.26^**	—
		产量Y	-0.38^**	0.24^*	0.42^**	0.52^**	0.48^**
	MGW	株高PH	0.03	—	—	—	—
		穗数SN	0.04	0.04	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	-0.20^**	-0.07^*	-0.18^**	—	—
		千粒重TGW	-0.37^**	0.10^**	-0.14^**	0.12^**	—
		产量Y	-0.39^**	0.12^**	0.46^**	0.43^**	0.51^**
南方冬麦区SWWPA	MSGW	株高 PH	0.49	—	—	—	—
		穗数 SN	-0.50	-0.63^**	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	0.41	0.40	-0.51^*	—	—
		千粒重TGW	0.23	0.06	-0.54^*	-0.16	—
		产量Y	-0.24	-0.66^**	0.60^*	0.06	0.05
	MGW	株高 PH	0	—	—	—	—
		穗数 SN	0.72^**	-0.27^**	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	-0.24^*	0.16	-0.33^**	—	—
		千粒重TGW	-0.30^**	0.28^**	-0.39^**	-0.02	—
		产量Y	0.55^**	-0.05	0.76^**	0.07	-0.12
	WGW	株高PH	-0.07	—	—	—	—
		穗数SN	0.70^**	0	—	—	—
		穗粒数GNS	-0.62^**	0.31	-0.23	—	—
		千粒重TGW	-0.35	0.03	-0.72^**	0.10	—
		产量Y	0.79^**	0.15	0.36	0.53^**	-0.06

区域 Region	类型 Type	性状 Trait	蛋白质含量 PC	湿面筋含量 WGC	吸水率 WA	稳定时间 ST	最大拉伸阻力 MTR
北方冬麦区NWWPA	SGW	湿面筋含量WGC	0.73^**	—	—	—	—
		吸水率WA	0.23^*	0.36^**	—	—	—
		稳定时间ST	0.37^**	0.08	0.30^**	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力MTR	0.14	-0.17	0.20	0.70^**	—
		拉伸面积SA	0.11	0	0.18	0.50^**	0.60^**
	MSGW	湿面筋含量 WGC	0.63^**	—	—	—	—
	MSGW	吸水率 WA	-0.04	0.09	—	—	—
北方冬麦区NWWPA	MSGW	稳定时间 ST	0.20^*	-0.10	-0.23^*	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力 MR	0.15	-0.18	-0.25^*	0.59^**	—
		拉伸面积SA	0.23^*	0.08	-0.27^**	0.49^**	0.76^**
	MGW	湿面筋含量 WGC	0.67^**	—	—	—	—
		吸水率 WA	0.14^**	0.21^**	—	—	—
		稳定时间 ST	-0.04	-0.18^**	0	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力 MTR	-0.09	-0.16^**	0.01	0.75^**	—
		拉伸面积SA	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.65^**	0.80^**
南方冬麦区SWWPA	MSGW	湿面筋含量 WGC	0.78^**	—	—	—	—
		吸水率WA	0.58^*	0.25	—	—	—
		稳定时间ST	-0.30	-0.33	0.15	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力MR	-0.51^*	-0.24	-0.22	0.23	—
		拉伸面积SA	-0.13	0.04	-0.19	-0.02	0.82^**
	MGW	湿面筋含量 WGC	0.80^**	—	—	—	—
		吸水率WA	0.16	0.12	—	—	—
		稳定时间ST	0.28^**	0.22^**	-0.11	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力MTR	0.03	-0.16	-0.37^**	0.66^**	—
		拉伸面积SA	0.05	-0.05	-0.32^**	0.60^**	0.88^**
	WGW	湿面筋含量 WGC	0.48^*	—	—	—	—
		吸水率WA	-0.10	0.39	—	—	—
		稳定时间ST	-0.05	0.46^*	0.48^*	—	—
		最大拉伸阻力MTR	0.11	-0.36	-0.41	-0.40	—
		拉伸面积SA	-0.24	-0.24	-0.14	-0.05	0.62^**

Changes in yield and quality traits of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China over last twenty years

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