基于近红外快速检测技术的谷子淀粉多样性分析及模型构建

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44194

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing rapid and efficient methods for assessing quality traits in foxtail millet germplasm is crucial for identifying superior genetic resources. In this study, we analyzed 657 foxtail millet germplasms from diverse ecological regions, both domestic and international. The double-wavelength method was used to determine amylose, amylopectin, and total starch contents in seeds. Of these, 550 germplasms were selected to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) models for predicting amylose, amylopectin, and total starch contents using Unscrambler X 10.4 chemometric software. Standard normal variate combined with scatter correction and first derivative transformation were applied for spectral preprocessing, and partial least squares regression was used to construct the predictive models. The results showed that amylose content across the 657 germplasms ranged from 2.99% to 22.40% (mean: 16.25%), amylopectin content from 52.77% to 76.09% (mean: 59.56%), total starch content from 62.53% to 83.31% (mean: 75.81%), and the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio from 0.04 to 0.40 (mean: 0.28). Among all tested germplasms, foreign accessions exhibited the highest coefficients of variation (CVs) for amylose (30.08%) and total starch (5.07%). Compared to domestic germplasms, foreign germplasms had lower average amylopectin (59.20%) and total starch (75.19%) contents, with ranges of 54.65%–65.76% and 64.65%–82.38%, respectively. Significant differences in starch content were observed among foxtail millet germplasms from five domestic ecological regions. The Inner Mongolia Plateau region exhibited the highest CVs for amylose content (29.40%), total starch content (4.07%), and the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio (30.77%) among all domestic regions. The highest CV for amylopectin content (6.00%) was observed in the Northeast Spring Millet region, whereas the Southern region exhibited the lowest CVs for amylose (8.21%), amylopectin (4.40%), total starch (2.97%), and the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio (10.71%). Germplasms with the highest amylose-to-amylopectin ratios and amylopectin contents were primarily from the North China Summer Millet region, Loess Plateau region, and Northeast Spring Millet region. Notably, Ermaojian from the Loess Plateau region had the highest amylose-to-amylopectin ratio (0.40) and amylose content (22.40%), while Banmanghonggu from the North China Summer Millet region had the highest amylopectin content (76.09%). The NIRS models developed for amylose, amylopectin, and total starch contents achieved calibration correlation coefficients of 0.910, 0.848, and 0.717, respectively; cross-validation determination coefficients of 0.902, 0.830, and 0.675; and external validation determination coefficients of 0.903, 0.826, and 0.702. The standard errors of calibration were 1.156, 1.234, and 1.367, while the root mean square errors of cross-validation were 1.208, 1.288, and 1.471, and the root mean square errors of prediction were 1.130, 1.260, and 1.649, respectively. The ratio of performance to deviation for external validation was 3.415, 2.539, and 1.765, with optimal factor numbers of 9, 10, and 10, respectively. This study highlights the substantial variation in starch content among foxtail millet germplasms from different ecological regions, both domestically and internationally. The NIRS models developed here are effective for predicting amylose and amylopectin contents in foxtail millet. However, further refinement is needed to improve the accuracy of total starch content predictions.

Key words: foxtail millet, different ecological regions, near infrared spectroscopy, amylose, amylopectin

WANG Ruo-Na, ZHANG Ying-Xing, YU Xiao-Han, LIU Shao-Xiong, WANG Yue, XUE Ya-Peng, XIN Xu-Xia, ZHANG Li, LIU Min-Xuan. Near-infrared spectroscopic evaluation of starch diversity and model construction in Foxtail millet[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1757-1768.

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Guo Y. QTL Mapping and Genetic Analysis of Main Nutritional Quality Traits in Foxtail Millet. MS Thesis of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 2024 (in Chinese with English abstract)

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Near-infrared spectroscopic evaluation of starch diversity and model construction in Foxtail millet

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[2]	LIANG Hong-Kai, ZHAO Su-Meng, LU Qiong, ZHOU Peng, ZHI Hui, DIAO Xian-Min, HE Qiang. A mini-core collection of foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1435-1444.
[3]	GUO Bing, QIN Jia-Fan, LI Na, SONG Meng-Yao, WANG Li-Ming, LI Jun-Xia, MA Xiao-Qian. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SHMT gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(3): 586-5897.
[4]	WANG Yuan, XU Jia-Yin, DONG Er-Wei, WANG Jin-Song, LIU Qiu-Xia, HUANG Xiao-Lei, JIAO Xiao-Yan. Effects of manure replacement of chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, nitrogen accumulation, and quality of foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 149-160.
[5]	MENG Fan-Hua, LIU Min, SHEN Ao, LIU Wei. Preliminary investigation of the SiLTP1: a lipid transfer protein gene involved in the salt tolerance of foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 58-67.
[6]	YAN Feng, DONG Yang, LI Qing-Quan, ZHAO Fu-Yang, HOU Xiao-Min, LIU Yang, LI Qing-Chao, ZHAO Lei, FAN Guo-Quan, LIU Kai. Comprehensively evaluation on cold tolerance of foxtail millet varieties at germination stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2207-2218.
[7]	HU Li-Qin, XIAO Zheng-Wu, FANG Sheng-Liang, CAO Fang-Bo, CHEN Jia-Na, HUANG Min. Effects of planting season on digestive characteristics of high amylose content rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2347-2357.
[8]	QIN Na, YE Zhen-Yan, ZHU Can-Can, FU Sen-Jie, DAI Shu-Tao, SONG Ying-Hui, JING Ya, WANG Chun-Yi, LI Jun-Xia. QTL mapping for flavonoid content and seed color in foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1719-1727.
[9]	LI Bo-Yang, YE Yin, CHU Rui-Wen, JING Miao, ZHANG Sui-Qi, YAN Jia-Kun. Effects of biochar application on dry matter accumulation, transport, and distribution of foxtail millet and soil physicochemical properties [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 695-708.
[10]	DIAO Xian-Min, WANG Li-Wei, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Jun, LI Shun-Guo, CHENG Ru-Hong. Development, genetic deciphering, and breeding utilization of dwarf lines in foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(2): 265-279.
[11]	XIAO Zheng-Wu, HU Li-Qin, LI Xing, XIE Jia-Xin, LIAO Cheng-Jing, KANG Yu-Ling, Hu Yu-Ping, ZHANG Ke-Qian, FANG Sheng-Liang, CAO Fang-Bo, CHEN Jia-Na, HUANG Min. Quality differences between noodle rice grown in early and late seasons [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(2): 451-463.
[12]	YANG Shi-Jie, WANG Hua-Zhi, PAN Yi-Min, HUANG Rui, HOU Sen, QIN Hui-Bin, MU Zhi-Xin, WANG Hai-Gang. Genome-wide association analysis for plant height in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) germplasm resources in Shanxi, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(12): 2984-2997.
[13]	XUE Ya-Peng, XIN Xu-Xia, WANG Ruo-Nan, YU Xiao-Han, LIU Shao-Xiong, WANG Rui-Yun, LIU Min-Xuan. Analysis of agronomic, quality traits and genetic diversity of domestic and foreign foxtail millet resources [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2468-2482.
[14]	HU Mei-Ling, ZHI Chen-Yang, XUE Xiao-Meng, WU Jie, WANG Jin, YAN Li-Ying, WANG Xin, CHEN Yu-Ning, KANG Yan-Ping, WANG Zhi-Hui, HUAI Dong-Xin, JIANG Hui-Fang, LEI Yong, LIAO Bo-Shou. Establishment of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy model for predicting sucrose content of single seed in peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(9): 2498-2504.
[15]	DAI Shu-Tao, ZHU Can-Can, MA Xiao-Qian, QIN Na, SONG Ying-Hui, WEI Xin, WANG Chun-Yi, LI Jun-Xia. Genome-wide identification of the HAK/KUP/KT potassium transporter family in foxtail millet and its response to K⁺ deficiency and high salt stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2105-2121.