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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 85-98.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55041

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Field evaluation of salt-alkaline tolerance and trait correlation analysis in different peanut varieties (lines)

Chi Xiao-Yuan1**(), Liu Qing1,2**, Zhang Jun2, Zhao Xu-Hong1, Li Mei3, Yu Tian-Yi1, Pan Li-Juan1, Xu Jing1, Jiang Xiao1, Yin Xiang-Zhen1, Ma Jun-Qing1, Chen Na1,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Key Laboratory of Peanut Breeding / Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
    3Dongying Agricultural Integrated Service Center, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-06-29 Accepted:2025-09-10 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2025-09-23
  • Contact: *E-mail: chenna7948@163.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (Competitive Innovation Platform) China(2025CXPT167);Taishan Scholar Project Funding(tstp20240523);Taishan Scholar Project Funding(tsqn202312292);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QC146);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QC177);Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang(2022A02008-3);Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(KF2024007);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2025F19);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2025C19);Qilu Agricultural Talent Project (Innovative Category) of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Shandong Province Key Research and Development Program Project(2024LZGC035);Science and Technology Development Guidance Plan of Dongying Major Science and Technology Innovation Project(2024ZDJH100)

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Abstract:

To identify high-quality peanut varieties (lines) with tolerance to salt-alkaline stress, 29 peanut varieties (lines) were cultivated over two consecutive years at an experimental site in the Yellow River Delta. Their agronomic characteristics, as well as yield and quality traits, were systematically evaluated. A comprehensive screening approach combining principal component analysis (PCA), membership function analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify superior salt-alkaline-tolerant varieties. The results revealed that the oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio) and linoleic acid content showed the greatest variation, while fat content, protein content, and shelling percentage exhibited relatively smaller differences. Main stem height and lateral branch length were significantly positively correlated with pod yield and kernel yield, respectively. Oleic acid content was significantly negatively correlated with 100-kernel weight, whereas linoleic acid content showed a significant positive correlation. Peanut yield traits (kernel rate, pod yield, and kernel yield) were closely associated with both agronomic traits (number of fruiting branches, main stem height, lateral branch length) and quality traits (protein content, fat content, oleic acid content, and linoleic acid content). Comprehensive analysis indicated that varieties P16-22, Huayu 9147, Huayu 9141, Huayu 9118, Huayu 9121, Huayu 60, Huayu 9125, and Huayu 9124 performed exceptionally well in saline-alkali soil conditions, whereas Huayu 656, P18-82, P18-43, and P17-18 showed poor adaptability. The former group produced significantly higher pod and kernel yields than the latter. These findings provide valuable genetic resources for breeding salt-alkaline-tolerant peanut varieties and offer useful references for parental selection in future breeding programs.

Key words: peanut varieties (lines), salt-alkali tolerance, agronomic traits, yield, quality, comprehensive analysis

Table 1

Information on the tested peanut varieties (lines)"

编号
No.		 名称
Name		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 名称
Name		 类型
Type		 编号
No.		 名称
Name		 类型
Type
1 P16-22 品系lines 11 P18-82 品系Lines 21 花育9119 Huayu 9119 品种Variety
2 P17-16 品系lines 12 花育32 Huayu 32 品种Variety 22 花育9121 Huayu 9121 品种Variety
3 P17-18 品系lines 13 花育60 Huayu 60 品种Variety 23 花育9123 Huayu 9123 品种Variety
4 P17-23 品系lines 14 花育656 Huayu 656 品种Variety 24 花育9124 Huayu 9124 品种Variety
5 P17-33 品系lines 15 花育917 Huayu 917 品种Variety 25 花育9125 Huayu 9125 品种Variety
6 P17-127 品系lines 16 花育9111 Huayu 9111 品种Variety 26 花育9141 Huayu 9141 品种Variety
7 P18-43 品系lines 17 花育9112 Huayu 9112 品种Variety 27 花育9147 Huayu 9147 品种Variety
8 P18-60 品系lines 18 花育9115 Huayu 9115 品种Variety 28 中花215 Zhonghua 215 品种Variety
9 P18-61 品系lines 19 花育9116 Huayu 9116 品种Variety 29 宇花51 Yuhua 51 品种Variety
10 P18-80 品系lines 20 花育9118 Huayu 9118 品种Variety

Table 2

Growth and quality of peanut varieties (lines) in saline-alkali land"

性状
Index		 2020 2021
最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均值
Mean		 标准差
S.D.		 变异系数
CV (%)		 最小值Min. 最大值Max. 平均值
Mean		 标准差
S.D.		 变异系数
CV (%)
主茎高MSH 24.00 52.33 38.09 7.37 19.35 15.25 50.00 33.97 10.11 29.75
侧枝长BL 27.33 56.33 44.43 7.26 16.34 18.75 56.50 40.01 10.18 25.45
分枝数NB 5.00 21.00 8.85 3.04 34.37 5.25 8.75 7.48 0.88 11.78
结果枝数NBP 5.00 17.33 7.57 2.44 32.16 4.00 7.75 6.37 0.86 13.46
百果重PW 106.00 306.00 261.10 38.48 14.74 136.00 310.00 264.97 32.72 12.35
百仁重SW 46.00 130.00 108.97 16.04 14.72 52.00 104.00 90.41 10.80 11.95
出仁率SP 59.20 69.40 64.90 2.22 3.42 57.20 71.40 64.37 3.78 5.87
荚果产量PY 187.92 363.01 285.08 48.39 16.97 143.29 459.75 318.12 101.80 32.00
籽仁产量KY 126.51 241.01 185.22 31.71 17.12 85.69 315.60 207.01 70.35 33.98
蛋白质含量PC 24.11 29.76 26.92 1.17 4.36 17.16 25.41 21.63 2.12 9.80
脂肪含量OC 50.83 57.08 54.11 1.27 2.35 51.41 56.71 53.38 1.58 2.97
油酸含量OAC 47.45 86.02 77.95 8.15 10.46 61.43 86.21 78.80 6.14 7.79
亚油酸含量LAC 1.16 27.49 6.52 6.40 98.19 1.56 22.79 7.08 5.26 74.31
油亚比O/L 1.42 72.76 22.11 15.56 70.38 2.70 55.32 18.29 13.36 73.09

Table 3

Correlations among traits of tested peanut varieties (lines)"

指标
Index		 主茎高
MSH		 侧枝长BL 分枝数NB 结果
枝数NBP		 百果重PW 百仁重SW 出仁率SP 荚果
产量
PY		 籽仁
产量
KY		 蛋白质
含量
PC		 脂肪
含量
OC		 油酸
含量OAC		 亚油酸含量LAC
侧枝长BL 0.950**
分枝数NB 0.347 0.356
结果枝数NBP 0.449* 0.429* 0.941**
百果重PW 0.242 0.251 0.073 0.072
百仁重SW 0.290 0.281 0.042 0.095 0.866**
出仁率SP -0.046 -0.111 0.273 0.289 -0.322 -0.311
荚果产量PY 0.720** 0.713** 0.280 0.319 0.553** 0.508** 0.184
籽仁产量KY 0.674** 0.654** 0.315 0.360 0.481** 0.442* 0.356 0.983**
蛋白质含量PC 0.021 0.087 -0.173 -0.175 -0.291 -0.169 0.155 0.094 0.093
脂肪含量OC -0.193 -0.255 0.108 0.083 0.240 0.142 0.154 -0.068 -0.020 -0.829**
油酸含量OAC -0.070 -0.032 -0.086 -0.181 -0.117 -0.376* -0.028 0.056 0.041 0.033 -0.154
亚油酸含量LAC 0.057 0.014 0.089 0.186 0.135 0.381* 0.030 -0.059 -0.043 -0.079 0.195 -0.998**
油亚比O/L 0.012 0.017 0.044 -0.103 0.180 0.086 0.168 0.277 0.298 -0.139 0.221 0.309 -0.305

Table 4

Principal component loadings and contribution rates of trait indicators"

指标
Index		 主成分Principal component
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
主茎高MSH 0.827 0.214 -0.123 -0.180 -0.231
侧枝长BL 0.814 0.261 -0.107 -0.225 -0.270
分枝数NB 0.536 -0.020 -0.512 0.476 -0.252
结果枝数NBP 0.595 -0.071 -0.584 0.382 -0.259
百果重PW 0.590 -0.374 0.590 -0.104 -0.022
百仁重SW 0.601 -0.492 0.419 -0.295 0.071
出仁率SP 0.095 0.207 -0.434 0.478 0.678
荚果产量PY 0.901 0.240 0.196 -0.042 0.221
籽仁产量KY 0.878 0.247 0.117 0.056 0.331
蛋白质含量PC -0.077 0.549 -0.292 -0.604 0.365
脂肪含量OC 0.019 -0.598 0.243 0.675 0.050
油酸含量OAC -0.167 0.764 0.422 0.329 -0.258
亚油酸含量LAC 0.166 -0.790 -0.405 -0.296 0.252
油亚比O/L 0.173 0.220 0.485 0.443 0.337
特征值Eigenvalue 4.38 2.58 2.11 2.00 1.26
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 31.30 18.41 15.10 14.27 9.00
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 31.30 49.71 64.81 79.08 88.08

Fig. 1

Loading plot of all traits on the first and second principal components Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2 and 4."

Fig. 2

Score plot of peanut varieties (lines) on the first two principal components Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 4. HY: Huayu; YH: Yuhua; ZH: Zhonghua."

Table 5

Comprehensive principal component scores and rankings of tested peanut varieties (lines)"

品种(系)
Varieties (lines)		 隶属函数值Membership function value D值
D-value		 排名
Rank
μ(Xi,1) μ(Xi,2) μ(Xi,3) μ(Xi,4) μ(Xi,5)
P16-22 0.590 0.717 0.527 0.412 0.398 0.557 9
P17-16 0.439 0.756 0.689 0.301 0.627 0.545 12
P17-18 0.424 0.700 0.512 0.155 0.420 0.453 23
P17-23 0.393 0.673 0.654 0.258 0.318 0.467 19
P17-33 0.326 0.449 0.774 0.590 0.026 0.441 24
P17-127 0.482 0.273 0.587 0 0.555 0.386 25
P18-43 0.368 0.590 0.465 0.082 0.098 0.357 29
P18-60 0.146 0.578 0.771 0.546 0.714 0.466 20
P18-61 0.430 0.436 0.579 0.625 0.466 0.492 17
P18-80 0.543 0.435 0.471 0.331 0.727 0.493 16
P18-82 0.396 0.566 0.587 0.232 0.582 0.457 22
花育32 Huayu 32 0.355 0.857 0.317 0.697 0.672 0.541 13
花育60 Huayu 60 0.657 0.732 0.606 0.344 0.442 0.591 6
花育656 Huayu 656 0 1.000 0 0.566 0.633 0.365 28
花育917 Huayu 917 0.553 0.762 0.621 0.248 0.583 0.562 7
花育9111 Huayu 9111 0.227 0.450 0.640 0.978 0.313 0.475 18
花育9112 Huayu 9112 0.486 0 0.211 0.492 0.790 0.369 27
花育9115 Huayu 9115 0.398 0.584 0.625 0.772 0.261 0.522 14
花育9116 Huayu 9116 0.218 0.463 0.812 0.410 0 0.380 26
花育9118 Huayu 9118 0.687 0.840 0.580 0.437 0.195 0.610 4
花育9119 Huayu 9119 0.602 0.764 0.673 0.177 0.342 0.552 10
花育9121 Huayu 9121 0.633 0.780 0.533 0.297 0.300 0.558 8
花育9123 Huayu 9123 0.631 0.408 0.417 0.065 0.708 0.464 21
花育9124 Huayu 9124 0.538 0.824 0.683 0.213 0.753 0.592 5
花育9125 Huayu 9125 0.656 0.626 0.573 0.541 0.804 0.632 3
花育9141 Huayu 9141 1.000 0.554 0.202 0.958 0.026 0.664 2
花育9147 Huayu 9147 0.706 0.703 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.833 1
中花215 Zhonghua 215 0.377 0.599 0.577 0.771 0.619 0.546 11
宇花51 Yuhua 51 0.542 0.661 0.333 0.548 0.378 0.515 15

Table 6

Membership function values and rankings of trait indicators in different peanut varieties (lines)"

品种(系)
Varieties (lines)		 主茎高MSH 侧枝长
BL		 分枝数
NB		 结果枝数NBP 百果重
PW		 百仁重
SW		 出仁率
SP		 荚果产量
PY
P16-22 0.749 0.712 0.273 0.318 0.756 0.776 0.534 0.766
P17-16 0.441 0.442 0.164 0.091 0.783 0.806 0.458 0.745
P17-18 0.402 0.620 0.309 0.182 0.772 0.806 0.356 0.494
P17-23 0.346 0.529 0.236 0.159 0.844 0.746 0.203 0.535
P17-33 0.570 0.543 0.055 0.114 0.722 0.761 0.186 0.292
P17-127 0.631 0.659 0 0.068 0.822 1.000 0.297 0.496
P18-43 0.374 0.447 0.364 0.386 0.861 0.836 0.059 0.255
P18-60 0 0 0.055 0 0.844 0.731 0.602 0.274
P18-61 0.341 0.466 0.327 0.250 0.928 0.791 0.602 0.437
P18-80 0.520 0.486 0.236 0.364 0.883 1.000 0.678 0.592
P18-82 0.397 0.385 0.182 0.159 0.839 0.881 0.475 0.498
花育32 Huayu 32 0.486 0.529 0.327 0.295 0.511 0.478 1.000 0.394
花育60 Huayu 60 0.670 0.793 0.309 0.318 0.850 0.896 0.432 0.905
花育656 Huayu 656 0.274 0.332 0.236 0.227 0 0 0.907 0
花育917 Huayu 917 0.603 0.731 0.145 0.136 0.828 0.746 0.542 0.841
花育9111 Huayu 9111 0.017 0.178 0.345 0.295 0.739 0.687 0.500 0.231
花育9112 Huayu 9112 0.419 0.375 0.436 0.364 0.794 0.836 0.678 0.394
花育9115 Huayu 9115 0.480 0.452 0.291 0.250 0.750 0.552 0.390 0.550
花育9116 Huayu 9116 0.385 0.442 0.055 0.023 0.817 0.716 0 0.132
花育9118 Huayu 9118 1.000 1.000 0.345 0.318 0.839 0.672 0.415 0.800
花育9119 Huayu 9119 0.788 0.784 0.182 0.182 0.956 0.746 0.314 0.830
花育9121 Huayu 9121 0.849 0.832 0.309 0.295 0.761 0.776 0.407 0.814
花育9123 Huayu 9123 0.648 0.736 0.182 0.295 0.856 0.910 0.492 0.789
花育9124 Huayu 9124 0.642 0.567 0.073 0.091 0.822 0.836 0.636 0.875
花育9125 Huayu 9125 0.592 0.615 0.255 0.295 0.939 0.836 0.864 0.944
花育9141 Huayu 9141 1.000 0.947 1.000 1.000 0.939 0.910 0.678 0.998
花育9147 Huayu 9147 0.547 0.591 0.327 0.205 1.000 0.940 0.720 1.000
中花215 Zhonghua 215 0.274 0.356 0.200 0.273 0.800 0.597 0.780 0.552
宇花51 Yuhua 51 0.648 0.668 0.418 0.432 0.628 0.672 0.627 0.616
品种(系)
Varieties (lines)		 籽仁产量
KY		 蛋白质含量
PC		 脂肪含量
OC		 油酸含量OAC 亚油酸含量LAC 油亚比
O/L		 平均隶属函数值
Mean membership function value		 排名
Rank
P16-22 0.713 0.544 0.427 0.896 0.126 0.058 0.546 9
P17-16 0.665 0.796 0.406 0.971 0.033 0.109 0.494 15
P17-18 0.406 0.889 0.211 0.820 0.158 0.052 0.463 20
P17-23 0.423 0.709 0.346 0.915 0.085 0.079 0.440 23
P17-33 0.188 0 0.882 0.928 0.099 0.063 0.386 26
P17-127 0.425 0.460 0.564 0.347 0.655 0.005 0.459 21
P18-43 0.122 0.812 0 0.776 0.235 0.029 0.397 24
P18-60 0.247 0.535 0.540 0.990 0.032 0.136 0.356 27
P18-61 0.403 0.384 0.788 0.777 0.250 0.037 0.484 17
P18-80 0.580 0.737 0.633 0.577 0.409 0.015 0.551 8
P18-82 0.431 0.719 0.368 0.766 0.239 0.031 0.455 22
花育32 Huayu 32 0.452 0.760 0.483 0.987 0.021 0.129 0.489 16
花育60 Huayu 60 0.816 0.758 0.522 0.926 0.081 0.083 0.597 4
花育656 Huayu 656 0.019 1.000 0.175 0.908 0.079 0.071 0.302 29
花育917 Huayu 917 0.791 0.683 0.337 0.891 0.119 0.056 0.532 12
花育9111 Huayu 9111 0.184 0.192 1.000 1.000 0.037 0.113 0.394 25
花育9112 Huayu 9112 0.383 0.374 0.963 0 1.000 0 0.501 14
花育9115 Huayu 9115 0.467 0.293 0.915 0.967 0.066 0.093 0.465 19
花育9116 Huayu 9116 0 0.232 0.708 0.921 0.089 0.082 0.329 28
花育9118 Huayu 9118 0.722 0.587 0.457 0.999 0 0.190 0.596 5
花育9119 Huayu 9119 0.707 0.702 0.316 0.930 0.085 0.068 0.542 11
花育9121 Huayu 9121 0.725 0.622 0.301 0.905 0.098 0.081 0.555 6
花育9123 Huayu 9123 0.721 0.699 0.440 0.348 0.643 0.006 0.555 7
花育9124 Huayu 9124 0.854 0.809 0.279 0.965 0.044 0.097 0.542 10
花育9125 Huayu 9125 0.999 0.571 0.676 0.814 0.199 0.034 0.617 3
花育9141 Huayu 9141 0.988 0.205 0.645 0.776 0.239 0.044 0.741 1
花育9147 Huayu 9147 1.000 0.374 0.837 0.985 0.035 1.000 0.683 2
中花215 Zhonghua 215 0.575 0.346 0.733 0.935 0.105 0.067 0.471 18
宇花51 Yuhua 51 0.610 0.481 0.430 0.780 0.229 0.041 0.520 13

Fig. 3

Cluster analysis of traits in tested peanut varieties (lines) and characteristics of different trait groups A: variety cluster diagram; B: evaluation of agronomic traits vs yield traits; C: quality traits evaluation. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. HY: Huayu; YH: Yuhua; ZH: Zhonghua."

Table 7

Comparative analysis of trait variation in peanut varieties (lines)"

指标
Index		 2020 2021
TM-SM F P TM-SM F P
主茎高MSH > 0 0.225 0.648 > 0 38.471 0.00**
侧枝长BL < 0 0.018 0.896 > 0 22.687 0.00**
分枝数NB > 0 2.832 0.131 > 0 0.009 0.93
结果枝数NBP > 0 1.152 0.311 > 0 0.138 0.72
百果重PW > 0 0.030 0.865 > 0 0.153 0.70
百仁重SW > 0 1.193 0.303 > 0 0.352 0.57
出仁率SP < 0 1.048 0.333 > 0 1.256 0.29
荚果产量PY > 0 8.789 0.016* > 0 18.852 0.00**
籽仁产量KY > 0 8.369 0.018* > 0 19.949 0.00**
蛋白质含量PC < 0 1.085 0.322 < 0 1.753 0.21
脂肪含量OC > 0 1.766 0.213 > 0 1.444 0.26
油酸含量OAC > 0 2.162 0.176 > 0 0.920 0.36
亚油酸含量LAC < 0 0.521 0.494 < 0 0.510 0.49
油亚比含量O/L > 0 3.856 0.085 > 0 0.368 0.56
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