Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 892-898.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00892

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Fertilization Process in Flax and Its Performance Time for Each Stage

YANG Hong1,SHEN Jia-Heng1,*,LI Wei1,DING Jian-Ting1,KANG Qing-Hua2   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Technology，Harbin Normal University，Harbin 150080，China；2Institute of Economic Crop，Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Harbin 150080，China
  • Received:2008-06-17 Revised:2008-12-15 Online:2009-05-12 Published:2009-03-23
  • Contact: SHEN Jia-Heng，0451-88068652 E-mail:hsdshenjiaheng@yahoo.com.cn

PDF

1922

Cited

2

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted by means of routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique to offer some information for its genetic breeding, gene engineering and reproductive biology. The results showed that pollen grains germinated immediately when they were fallen on stigma in self-pollinated flax, then pollen tubes grew in the intercellular space of transmitting tissue of style, entering ovary and growing on the surface of endocuticle of ovary wall, and passing micropore through placenta and funicle. Pollen tube entered one synergid, and released two sperms between egg and central cells. Sperm nucleus and cytoplasm body formed by shucking cytoplasm from sperm. One sperm nucleus entered egg, and another entered the central cell. Fusion of sperm nucleus and egg nucleus was a little slower than that of sperm nucleus and secondary nucleus. Fusion process of male and female nucleoli was observed. The performance time was as follows: Pollen grains germinated very soon on stigma. Pollen tube grew into micropyle about at 4.5 hours after flowering. Pollen tube entered one synergid and released two sperms during about 4.5–5.5 hours after flowering. Fusion of egg-sperm took place in about 5.5–6.5 hours after flowering as well as that of sperm-secondary. Primary endosperm nucleus divided at about 7.5–8.5 hours after flowering. Zygote divided at 12.5 hours after flowering. The dormancy stage of zygote was at about 6.5–12.5 hours after flowering.

Key words: Linum usitatissimum L., Pathway of pollen tube growth, Fertilization, Duration


[1] Shi G-F(史高峰), Sun H-R(孙浩冉), Chen X-F(陈学福), Qi Z-G(齐治国). Studies on the exploitation and utilization of the economic crop flax. J Anhui Agri Sci(安徽农业科学), 2006, 34(10): 2179–2181(in Chinese with English abstract)

[2] Davis G L. Systematic Embryology of the angiosperms. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, London and Sydney, 1966

[3] Johri B M, Ambegaokar K B, Srivastava P S. Comparative embryology of angiosperms. New York: Springer-Verlag, Vol.1 1992

[4] Gui M-Z(桂明珠), Li G-Q(李桂琴), Hu B-Z(胡宝忠), Ren X-Y(任喜英), Yao X-M(姚晓敏), Yu S-F(于淑芬). Megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and the development of the female and male gametophyte of flax. China’s Fiber Crops (中国麻作), 1994, 16(2): 1–2, 32(in Chinese)

[5] Li G-Q(李桂琴), Hu B-Z(胡宝忠), Gui M-Z(桂明珠), Yao X-M(姚晓敏), Ren X-Y(任喜英), Wang X-K(王晓凯), Li H-Q(李红旗), Cao B-J(曹宝君). The anatomical study on the seed development of Linum usitatissmum. J Northeast Agric Univ (东北农业大学学报), 1997, 28(4): 372–377(in Chinese with English abstract)

[6] Gui M-Z(桂明珠), Li G-Q(李桂琴), Yao X-M(姚晓敏), Hu B-Z(胡宝忠), Ren X-Y(任喜英), Pan C-S(潘春山). Development of flower and anatomical constitution in flax. China’s Fiber Crop s(中国麻作), 1993, (4): 20–23(in Chinese)

[7] Wang Y-J(王艳杰), Shen J-H(申家恒). Probing into cytological embryology mechanism of pollen-tube pathway transgenic technology. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin(西北植物学报), 2006, 26(3): 628–634(in Chinese with English abstract)

[8] Russell S D. Double fertilization. Int Rev Cytol, 1992, 140: 357–388

[9] Russell S D, Rougier M, Dumas C. Organization of the early post-fertilization megagametophyte of Populus deltoides: Ultrastructure and implications for male cytoplasmic transmission. Protoplasma, 1990, 155: 153–165

[10] Jensen W A, Fisher D B. Cotton embryogenesis: the entrance and discharge of the pollen tube in the embryo sac. Planta, 1968, 78: 158–183

[11] Mogensen H L. Double fertilization in barley and the cytological explanation for Haploid embryo formation, embryoless caryopses, and ovule abortion. Carlsberg Res Commun, 1982, 47: 313–354

[12] Wilms H J. Pollen tube penetration and fertilization in Spinach. Acta Bot Neerl, 1981, 19: 468–480

[13] Mogensen H L. Exclusion of male mitochondria and plastids during syngamy in barley as a basis for maternal interitancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1988, 85: 2594–2597

[14] Van Went J L. The ultrastructure of the fertilized embryo sac of Petunia. Acta Bot Neerl, 1970, 19: 468–480

[15] Russell S D. Fertilization in Plumbago zeglanica: Genetic fusion and fate of the male cytoplasm. Am J Bot, 1983, 70: 416–434

[16] Faure J E, Digonne C, Dumas C. An in vitro system for adhesion and fusion of maize gametes. Science, 1994, 263: 1598–1600

[17] Sun M-X(孙蒙祥). Cytological Events in vitro Fusion of Male and Female Cells in Plant (植物雌雄性细胞离体融合的细胞学事态). In: Hu S-Y(胡适宜), Yang H-Y(杨弘远) eds. Biology of Angiosperm Fertilization (被子植物受精生物学). Beijing: Science Press, 2002. pp 224–238 (in Chinese)

[18] Ranghavan. Yang H-Y(杨弘远), trans. Double Fertilization: Development of Embryo and Endosperm of Flowering Plant (双受精——有花植物的胚和胚乳发育). Beijing: Science Press, 2007. pp 29–50(in Chinese)
[1] Ma Hai-Hui, Zhang Guo-Ping, Yang Si-Cun, Wang Hong-Li. Effects of nitrogen application at different densities on carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation characteristics in forage maize in semi-arid regions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1193-1207.
[2] Liu Ning, Fan Ping, Wang Cheng, Chen Qi-Qi, Cheng Qing-Yue, Tie Xia-Na, Tang Jing-Sha, Liu Bin-Bin, Xie Hong-Kun, Wang Jia-Yue, Shi Yuan-Qing, Ma Jun. Effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer on yield formation and nitrogen utilization in mechanically transplanted rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 866-880.
[3] LI Qiu-Yun, LI Shi-Gui, FAN Jun-Liang, LIU Hao-Tian, ZHAO Xiao-Bin, LYU Shuo, WANG Yan-Hao, YUE Yun, ZHANG Ning, SI Huai-Jun. Effects of ionic zinc and nano-zinc on physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of potato [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1838-1849.
[4] LI Bing-Lin, YE Xiao-Lei, XIAO Hong, XIAO Guo-Bin, LYU Wei-Sheng, LIU Jun-Quan, REN Tao, LU Zhi-Feng, LU Jian-Wei. Effects of magnesium fertilization rates on rapeseed yield, magnesium uptake, and yield loss caused by frost damage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1850-1860.
[5] JIANG Yu-Zhou, WANG Jia, ZHANG Hong-Yuan, FENG Wen-Hao, WANG Peng, LI Yu-Yi. Effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic materials on the soil bacterial and fungal community structure in maize fields [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1378-1388.
[6] QIN Jin-Hua, HONG Wei-Yuan, FENG Xiang-Qian, LI Zi-Qiu, ZHOU Zi-Yu, WANG Ai-Dong, LI Rui-Jie, WANG Dan-Ying, ZHANG Yun-Bo, CHEN Song. Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 485-502.
[7] WANG Zi-Lin, GUAN Pei-Yi, HUANG Cui, CHEN Jian, FANG Jia-Chuang, LIU Chen-Rui, GUO Zhang-Xi, WANG Zi-Ming, WANG Zhao-Hui, LIU Jin-Shan, TIAN Hui, SHI Mei. Responses of uptake and accumulation of manganese and zinc in wheat to zinc fertilization [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(10): 2836-2842.
[8] XU Yi-Fan, XU Cai-Long, LI Rui-Dong, WU Zong-Sheng, HUA Jian-Xin, YANG Lin, SONG Wen-Wen, WU Cun-Xiang. Deep side fertilization improved soybean yield by optimizing leaf function and nitrogen accumulation [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2335-2346.
[9] LIANG Jin-Yu, YIN Jia-De, HOU Hui-Zhi, XUE Yun-Gui, GUO Hong-Juan, WANG Shuo, ZHAO Qi-Zhi, ZHANG Xu-Cheng, XIE Jun-Hong. Effects of deep fertilization on ecological stoichiometric characteristics and photosynthetic carbon assimilation of flag leaves of spring wheat under drought conditions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(8): 2078-2090.
[10] PEI Fa-Jing, ZHANG Wen-Xuan, ZHANG Xiao, WANG Xin-Yu, PENG Shao-Bing, MI Jia-Ming. Developing new rice lines with ultrashort-duration, long-grain, and fragrance [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1684-1698.
[11] GUO Song, GUO Hui-Ting, ZHANG Yu-Liang, QIAN Zi-Hui, WANG Zi-Jun, LU Jia-Ming, WANG Yuan, ZHAO Can, WANG Wei-Ling, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, YANG Feng-Ping, HUO Zhong-Yang. Effects of side deep placement of controlled release nitrogen management on rice yield, NH3, and greenhouse gas emissions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(6): 1525-1539.
[12] JIANG Da-Ren, XIONG Ruo-Yu, WU Jia-Qing, MAO Fu-Qin, FENG Jun-Jie, TAO Lei, XIE Xiao-Bing, PAN Xiao-Hua, ZENG Yong-Jun, WANG Ya-Liang, ZENG Yan-Hua. Effects of side-deep fertilization on yield formation and nitrogen absorption of high-quality early indica rice under precision sowing in line and machine planting [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(12): 3096-3106.
[13] ZHAO Wei, HU Xiao-Na, ZHENG Yan, LIANG Na, ZHENG Bin, WANG Xiao-Xiao, WANG Jiang-Tao, LIU Ling, FU Guo-Zhan, SHI Zhao-Yong, JIAO Nian-Yuan. Characteristics of AMF community in maize and peanut rhizosphere soil and its response to phosphate application [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(11): 2896-2907.
[14] LU Jian-Xiang, GAO Qian-Wen, GAO Zhi-Qiang, YANG Hui-Bing, WEN Shuang-Ya, SHI Nan, HU Wen-Rui, JIN Yu-Hao, CHEN Long, LIU Yun, CAO Zheng-Deng-Yuan. Effect of high-density planting and fertilizer reduction on yield and growth and development of indica hybrid rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2586-2598.
[15] ZHANG Chen-Hui, ZHANG Yan, LI Guo-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHA Ying-Ying, ZHOU Chi-Yan, XU Ke, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, GUO Bao-Wei. Root morphology and physiological characteristics for high yield formation under side-deep fertilization in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 1039-1051.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd