Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica,

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (08): 1403-1411.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01403

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Rice Lateral Root Development and Its Impact Factors

LIU Da-Tong,JING Yan-Ping,CHEN Jing-Jing,YU Xu-Run,WANG Zhong*   

  1. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2014-01-08 Revised:2014-06-06 Online:2014-08-12 Published:2014-06-17

Abstract:

The adventitious roots and primary roots of Nipponbare, Yangdao 6were used to measure lateral root number and the growth increment by Image J software with scanning photograph. Morphological and structural changes of lateral root primodia were observed by applying Spurr resin embedding and semi-thin sectioning, and light microscopy. Impacts of the lateral root emergence on the parent root structure was observed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Treatments with plant hormones, metal ions, illumination, and cutting off shoots or root tips were set up to analyse their influence on lateral root development. Results showed that rice lateral root initiation occurred from the pericycle. The endodermis also participatedin the lateral root primodia formation and played protective as well as assistant roles in the process. The outward growth of lateral root primordia was realized by cell divisions of apical meristem and cell elongation at the base area. The cortex and epidermis structures of parent roots were also altered during the process of lateral root emergence. Exogenous IAA promoted the occurrence of lateral roots, but its high concentrations inhibited lateral root emergence. The number of lateral roots and growth of primary roots were significantly decreased when shoots were cut off. The apical dominance of root was lost when root tips were cut off, so that the growth of lateral roots and secondary lateral roots was accelerated. Unilateral illumination induced the increase of lateral roots in the light side. Abscisic acid at low concentrations promoted the formation of lateral roots. The formation of lateral roots and growth of primary root were promoted by Ca2+, while mostly inhibited by EDTA. The growth tendency of both adventitious roots and primary roots responsive to the treatments was basically consistent.

Key words: Rice, Lateral root development, Pericycle, Endodermis, IAA, Illumination

[1]Casimiro I, Marchant A, Bhaleraoc R P, Beeckmand T, Dhooged S, Swarupb R, Grahamb N, Inzéd D, Sandbergc G, Caseroa P J, Bennett M. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell, 2001, 13: 843–852



[2]Hochholdinger F, Zimmermann R. Conserved and diverse mechanisms in root development. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2008, 11: 70–74



[3]Celenza J, Grisafi P L, Fink G R. A pathway for lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene Dev, 1995, 9: 2131–2142



[4] Meyerowitz E M. Prehistory and history of Arabidopsis research. Plant Physiol, 2001, 125: 15–19



[5]Zhu Z X, Liu Y, Liu S J, Mao C Z, Wu Y R, Wu P. A gain-of-function mutation in OsIAA11 affects lateral root development in rice. Mol Plant, 2012, 5: 154–161



[6]Armstrong J, Armstrong W. Rice: sulfide-induced barriers to root radial oxygen loss, Fe2+ and water uptake, and lateral root emergence. Ann Bot, 2005, 96: 625–638



[7]Rani Debi B, Taketa S, Ichii M. Cytokinin inhibits lateral root initiation but stimulates lateral root elongation in rice (Oryza sativa). J Plant Physiol, 2005, 162: 507–515



[8]Chhun T, Taketa S, Tsurumi S, Ichii M. The effects of auxin on lateral root initiation and root gravitropism in a lateral rootless mutant Lrt1 of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul, 2003, 39: 161–170



[9]Chen X, Shi J, Hao X, Liu H, Shi J, Wu Y, Wu Z, Chen M, Wu P, Mao C. OsORC3 is required for lateral root development in rice. Plant J, 2013, 74: 339–350



[10]王忠, 李卫芳, 顾蕴洁, 陈刚, 石火英, 高煜珠. 水稻胚乳的发育及其养分输入的途径. 作物学报, 1995, 21: 520–527



Wang Z, Li W F, Gu Y J, Chen G, Shi H Y, Gao Y Z. Development of rice endosperm and the pathway of nutrients entering the endosperm. Acta Agron Sin, 1995, 21: 520–527 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[11]Péret B, Rybel B D, Casimiro I, Benková E, Swarup R, Laplaze L, Beeckman T, Bennett M J. Arabidopsis lateral root development: an emerging story. Trends Plant Sci, 2009,14: 399–408



[12]Casero P, Casimiro I, Rodriguez-Gallardo L, Martín-Partido G, Lloret P. Lateral root initiation by asymmetrical transverse divisions of pericycle cells in adventitious roots of Allium cepa. Protoplasma, 1993, 176: 138–144



[13]Parizot B, Laplaze L, Ricaud L, Boucheron-Dubuisson E, Bayle V, Bonke M, De Smet I, Poethig S R, Helariutta Y, Haseloff J, Chriqui D, Beeckman T, Nussaume L. Diarch symmetry of the vascular bundle in Arabidopsis root encompasses the pericycle and is reflected in distich lateral root initiation. Plant Physiol, 2008, 146: 140–148



[14]Péret B, Larrieu A, Bennett M J. Lateral root emergence: a difficult birth. J Exp Bot, 2009, 60: 3637–3643



[15]Ljung K, Hullb A K, Celenzac J, Yamadad M, Estelled M, Normanlye J, Sandberga G. Sites and regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell, 2005, 17: 1090–1104 



[16]Marchant A, Bhalerao R, Casimiroc I, Eklöfb J, Caseroc P J, Bennetta M, Sandberg G. AUX1 promotes lateral root formation by facilitating indole-3-acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the Arabidopsis seedling. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 589–597



[17]Laskowski M J, Williams M E, Nusbaum H C, Sussex I M. Formation of lateral root meristems is a two-stage process. Development, 1995, 121: 3303–3310



[18]Fukaki H, Okushima Y, Tasaka M. Auxin-mediated lateral root formation in higher plants. Int Rev Cytol, 2007, 256: 111–137



[19]Aloni R, Aloni E, Langhans M, Ullrich C. Role of cytokinin and auxin in shaping root architecture: regulating vascular differentiation, lateral root initiation, root apical dominance and root gravitropism. Ann Bot, 2006, 97: 883–893



[20]Li X, Mo X, Shou H, Wu P. Cytokinin-mediated cell cycling arrest of pericycle founder cells in lateral root initiation of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol, 2006, 47: 1112–1123



[21]Laplaze L, Benkova E, Casimirod I, Maes L, Vanneste S, Swarupe R, Weijersf D, Calvod V, Parizot B, Herrera-Rodrigueza M B, Offringaf R, Grahamh N, Doumasa P, Friml J, Bogusza D, Beeckman T, Bennette M. Cytokinins act directly on lateral root founder cells to inhibit root initiation. Plant Cell, 2007, 19: 3889–3900



[22]Chen C W, Yang Y W, Lur H S, Tsai Y G, Chang M C. A novel function of abscisic acid in the regulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) root growth and development. Plant Cell Physiol, 2006, 47: 1–13



[23]郭栋梁, 李玲. ABA对植物侧根发生的调节. 亚热带植物科学, 2008, 37(1): 67–69



Guo D L, Li L. ABA regulation of lateral root development in plants. Subtrop Plant Sci, 2008, 37(1): 67–69 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[24]Müssig C, Shin G H, Altmann T. Brassinosteroids promote root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 2003, 133: 1261–1271



[25]Bao F, Shen J, Brady S R, Muday G K, Asami T, Yang Z B. Brassinosteroids interact with auxin to promote lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 2004, 134: 1624–1631



[26]Ivanchenko M G, Muday G K, Dubrovsky J G. Ethylene-auxin interactions regulate lateral root initiation and emergence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J, 2008, 55: 335–347



[27]Negi S, Ivanchenko M G, Muday G K. Ethylene regulates lateral root formation and auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J, 2008, 55: 175–187



[28]江玲, 管晓春. Ca2+-CaM系统在生长素诱导莴苣侧根原基形成中的作用. 南京农业大学学报, 2003, 26(1): 6–9



Jiang L, Guan X C. Role of Ca2+-CaM on lateral root primordium formation induced by auxins in lettuce seedlings. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2003, 26(1): 6–9 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[29]Mo Y, Wang Z, Qian S, Gu Y. Effect of indoleacetic acid (IAA) on the negative phototropism of rice root. Rice Sci, 2004, 11: 125–128



[30]Wang Z, Mo Y, Qian S, Gu Y. Negative phototropism of rice root and its influencing factors. Sci China Ser C: Life Sci, 2002, 45: 485–496



[31]郭保卫. 水稻抛秧立苗机理及其调控. 扬州大学硕士学位论文, 扬州, 2010. pp 1–10



Guo B W. Mechanism of Seedling Standing and Establishment of Broadcasted Rice and it’s Regulation. Master Dissertation of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2010. pp 1–10 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[32]张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 中国抛秧稻作技术体系及其特征. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 43–52



Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Cultivation technical system of rice seedling broadcasting and its characteristics. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 43–52 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[33]郭保卫, 陈厚存, 张春华, 魏海燕, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 邢琳, 管文文, 黄幸福, 杨雄. 水稻抛栽秧立苗中的形态与生理变化. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 1715–1724



Guo B W, Chen H C, Zhang C H,Wei H Y, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, HuoZ Y, Xu K, Xing L, Guan W W, Huang X F, Yang X. Morphological and physiological changes in seedling standing and establishment of broadcasted rice seedlings. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 1715–1724 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[34]Sasidharan R, Chinnappa C C, Staal M, Elzenga J, Theo M, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Voesenek L A C J, Pierik R. Light quality-mediated petiole elongation in Arabidopsis during shade avoidance involves cell wall modification by xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases. Plant Physiol, 2010, 154: 978–990



[35]?ukawska-Ku?ma K, Podgórska A, Rychter A M. Plasma membrane-generated ROS and their possible contribution to leaf cell growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) MSC16 mitochondrial mutant. Acta Physiol Plant, 2012, 34: 721–730



[36]Heyno E, Mary V, Schopfer P, Krieger-Liszkay A. Oxygen activation at the plasma membrane: relation between superoxide and hydroxyl radical production by isolated membranes. Planta, 2011, 234: 35–45



[37]Krieger-Liszkay A, van de Zalm E, Schopfer P. Production of reactive oxygen intermediates (O2?, H2O2, and OH) by maize roots and their role in wall loosening and elongation growth. Plant Physiol, 2004, 136: 3114–3123



[38]Renew S, Heyno E, Schopfer P, Liszkay A. Sensitive detection and localization of hydroxyl radical production in cucumber roots and Arabidopsis seedlings by spin trapping electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Plant J, 2005, 44: 342–347



[39]汪月霞, 王忠, 刘全军, 赵会杰, 顾蕴洁, 钱晓旦, 袁志良. cpt1基因与水稻根负向光性运动的关系. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1558–1561



Wang Y X, Wang Z, Liu Q J, Zhao H J, Gu Y J, Qian X D, Yuan Z L. Relationship between cpt1 gene and the negative phototropism in rice roots. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1558–1561 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] Hu Zhao, Qian Run, Xie Feng-Pu, Ying Su-Ping. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SPX gene family in rice under phosphorus treatment [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1902-1912.
[2] Zou Yi-Mei, Xu Min, Wang Hai-Yang, Yao Hui, Wang Jia-Feng, Liu Hao, Ren Dai-Sheng. Analysis of transcription factor regulatory networks in two-line male sterile rice seedling roots in response to salt stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1728-1742.
[3] Yan An, Jiang Kun-Wei, Wang Rong-Yuan, Tian Lin, Zhang Lu, Wang Yun, Xu Jian-Long. Identification and cloning of SVN7 controlling small vascular bundle number in the rice flag leaf [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[4] Chen Wei, Wei Wan-Juan, Zhao Qi-Bing, Chang Dong-Wei, Yu Ling-Bo, Zhai Peng-Fei, Feng Zhi-Ming, Chen Zong-Xiang, Ren Yang-Tao, Yang Peng, Liu Hai-Lang, Li Zhen-Fu, Yang Yong-Le, Jin Yan-Gang, Zuo Shi-Min. Developing new germplasm of high-quality and early-maturing rice by editing Hd6 via CRISPR/Cas9 [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1046-1056.
[5] Shi Shao-Jie, Liu Kai, Chen Zi-Yi, Wang Hui-Ying, Li San-He, Zhou Lei, You Ai-Qing. Cloning and functional analysis of the dwarf and multi-tiller gene DMT1 in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1022-1034.
[6] Liu Chang-You, Wang Shen, Shi Hui-Ying, Shen Ying-Chao, Sun Lei, Wang Yan, Zhang Zhi-Xiao, Su Qiu-Zhu, Tian Jing, Fan Bao-Jie. QTL mapping for bruchid resistance in an adzuki bean distant hybridization population using rice bean genetic resources [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 936-944.
[7] Ye Fan, Li Shuai, Li Si-Yu, Chen Yun, Dou Chao-Yin, Liu Li-Jun. Effects of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and population quality in Northeast China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 895-907.
[8] Liu Ning, Fan Ping, Wang Cheng, Chen Qi-Qi, Cheng Qing-Yue, Tie Xia-Na, Tang Jing-Sha, Liu Bin-Bin, Xie Hong-Kun, Wang Jia-Yue, Shi Yuan-Qing, Ma Jun. Effects of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer on yield formation and nitrogen utilization in mechanically transplanted rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 866-880.
[9] Qin Yi-Yan, Fu Yao, Su Chang, Li Na, Xu Jing-Ru, Cheng Xiao-Ran, Zhang Qi, Zhao Ming-Hui. Functional analysis of OsST41 regulating salt tolerance in rice seedlings [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 802-812.
[10] Zhu Jin-Juan, Wang Hui-Ping, Yang Guo-Dong, Wang Yu-Cheng, Yang Chen, Wang Bin, Agustiani Nurwulan, Tu Jun-Ming, Bi Jun-Guo, Cui Ke-Hui, Huang Jian-Liang, Peng Shao-Bing, Yuan Shen. Effects of water management and variety type on grain yield and quality in ratoon rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(1): 295-315.
[11] WANG Chan, WU Ying-Ying, LI Wen-Qi, LI Xia, WANG Fang-Quan, ZHOU Tong, YANG Jie. Development of functional markers of rice stripe disease resistance gene STV11 based on HRM technique [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2547-2556.
[12] GUO Bao-Wei, WANG Wang, WANG Kai, WANG Yan, ZENG Xin, JING Xiu, WANG Jing, NI Xin-Hua, XU Ke, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Population dynamic characteristics and formation mechanisms of super high-yielding of two types of glutinous rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Rive [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2433-2453.
[13] CHEN Hui-Ying, HE Jia-Xin, ZHU Bin, HUANG Shi-Xuan, ZHOU Xing-You, WU Jun-Quan, YANG Mei-Yan. Whole genome analysis and biological characterization of phage vB_XaS_ HDB2 infected with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2087-2099.
[14] YANG Hai-Yang, WU Lin-Xuan, LI Bo-Wen, SHI Han-Feng, YUAN Xi-Long, LIU Jin-Zhao, CAI Hai-Rong, CHEN Shi-Yi, GUO Tao, WANG Hui. OsWRI3, identified based on QTL mapping, regulates seed shattering in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1712-1724.
[15] WANG Fen, WU Dong-Li, ZHANG Quan-Jun. Response of phenological phase stages of single-cropping rice to climate change in Hubei province, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1934-1948.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!