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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1456-1463.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94191

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

马铃薯不同品种(系)和稻、薯轮作模式对根结线虫病的防治效果

武超(), 刘贤文, 张炜, 王琼*(), 郭华春*()   

  1. 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院薯类作物研究所, 云南昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-09 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-09-12 网络出版日期:2020-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 王琼,郭华春
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1371757245@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(马铃薯, CARS-09-15P)资助

Control effects of different potato varieties (lines) and rice-potato rotation system on root-knot nematode

WU Chao(), LIU Xian-Wen, ZHANG Wei, WANG Qiong*(), GUO Hua-Chun*()   

  1. Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2019-12-09 Accepted:2020-04-15 Published:2020-09-12 Published online:2020-05-08
  • Contact: Qiong WANG,Hua-Chun GUO
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System (Potato, CARS-09-15P).

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摘要：

根结线虫病是马铃薯连作减产的主要原因之一。为研究根结线虫病的农艺防治措施, 本文开展了品种抗性评价、稻、薯轮作和土壤淹水下的线虫消减动态研究。抗性评价试验表明, 18个品种(系)中没有筛选到同时抗南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫的材料, 品系1002-1和品种丽薯6号相对抗性较好, 青薯9号和合作88相对敏感。马铃薯根结线虫发病土壤中可同时检测到卵、幼虫和成虫等不同形态。水旱轮作试验表明, 经一茬水稻栽培可使土壤中根结线虫虫态完全消失, 再种植马铃薯也不再发生根结线虫病, 且马铃薯有效产量显著提高, 青薯9号、合作88和丽薯6号的单株有效产量较对照分别提高50.5%、43.7%和26.0%, 差异均极显著, 1002-1单株有效产量与对照差异不显著。由此可见, 稻、薯轮作根结线虫防治效果明显。为进一步探索水旱轮作的防治机制, 观察了土壤淹水进程中各种虫态消减动态。结果表明, 在淹水过程中, 根结线虫的卵、幼虫和成虫不同虫态此消彼长, 要淹水60 d以上, 土壤中才检测不到所有形态虫体。水早轮作中水稻生长期淹水时间足够长, 满足防治线虫的淹水条件。因此结合抗病品种选用进行稻、薯轮作是防治马铃薯根结线虫病既绿色环保又可持续有效的方法。

关键词: 马铃薯, 品种(系), 稻、薯轮作, 根结线虫病, 防治效果

Abstract:

Root-knot nematode disease, induced by Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, is one of the main reasons of crop failure in potato continuous cropping in Yunnan province. Variety resistance evaluation, rice-potato rotation model and dynamic changes were studied in order to assess the protect-and-control treatment of potato root-knot nematode disease. Variety resistance evaluation, rice-potato rotation model and dynamic changes were all studied in order to evaluate the protect-and-control treatment of potato root-knot nematode disease. The results from the variety resistance evaluation indicated that among the 18 potato cultivars (lines) no resistant materials were screened resistant to both Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, whereas the 1002-1 line and Lishu 6 displayed better disease resistance, Qingshu 9 and Cooperation 88 were more sensitive to potato root-knot nematode disease. All kinds of the egg, larva and imago of root-knot nematodes were simultaneously detected in soil with the root-knot nematodes disease. However, after rice-potato rotation, the egg, larva and imago of root-knot nematodes were to disappear entirely in soil, and the root knot nematode disease was no longer occurred in the following potato planting process. Furthermore, the tuber yield per plant of Qingshu 9, Cooperation 88 and Lishu 6 compared with control were significantly different increased by 50.5%, 43.7%, and 26.0%, respectively. These results suggested rice-potato rotation could be an effective way to control potato root knot nematode disease. In addition, to further analyzed the mechanism of rice-potato rotation inhibiting root-knot nematode survival, we observed the dynamic changes of the amount on root knot nematodes in the case of soil flooding. The results showed that no different states of the insect state were detected until submerged more than 60 days. Therefore, we speculated prolonged soil flooding may be the main reason for inhibiting the growth of root-knot nematodes. It is a sustainable and effective method to control potato root-knot nematode by selecting rice-potato rotation with disease-resistant varieties.

Key words: potatoes, varieties (lines), rice-potato rotation cropping, root-knot nematode, control effect

表1

每克土壤中根结线虫基数(条 g-1)"

样品编号
Number of samples		 雌虫
Female worms		 幼虫和雄虫
Larvae and male worms		 卵
Eggs		 总数
Total
土样1 Soil samples 1 0.5±0.1 2.2±0.9 3.0±0.4 5.7±0.6
土样2 Soil samples 2 0.8±0.3 1.8±0.4 2.7±0.4 5.3±0.4
土样3 Soil samples 3 0.5±0 1.3±0.2 2.2±0.2 4.0±0.2

表2

不同马铃薯品种(系)对2种根结线虫抗性鉴定结果"

品种(系)
Variety
(lines)		 线虫类型
Type of
Meloidogyne
spp.		 根系Root 块茎Tuber
感病率
Susceptibility
rate (%)		 病情指数
Susceptible
index		 抗性
Resistance
level		 感病率
Susceptibility
rate (%)		 病情指数
Susceptible
index		 抗性
Resistance
level
1002-1 M.i 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
M.j 11.11 16.67 HR 2.40 1.60 HR
CIP 81 M.i 44.44 37.04 MR 3.40 2.49 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 88 M.i 40 27.50 MR 3.68 3.07 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 164 M.i 30 26.67 MR 3.42 3.08 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
丽薯6号 M.i 20 20 HR 4.35 4.35 HR
Lishu 6 M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 50 M.i 40 33.33 MR 10.19 5.09 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 58 M.i 50 43.33 MR 15.22 9.06 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 57 M.i 50 36.67 MR 10.10 9.60 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
合作88 M.i 71.43 61.90 MS 22.09 12.79 HR
Cooperation 88 M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
CIP 64 M.i 90 67.50 MS 33.88 21.21 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
青薯9号 M.i 90 66.67 MS 36.54 22.60 HR
Qingshu 9 M.j 30 26.67 MR 8.91 7.92 HR
西海 35
Xihai 35		 M.i 80 62.50 MS 27.55 25.00 HR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
2013-16D1 M.i 60 60 MS 29.63 27.78 MR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
中薯20号 M.i 100 73.33 MS 42.31 28.85 MR
Zhongshu 20 M.j 40 30 MR 7.69 7.69 HR
3S-24 M.i 100 85.00 HS 41.77 29.11 MR
M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
中薯18号 M.i 100 88.89 HS 51.39 33.10 MR
Zhongshu 18 M.j 80 70 HS 6.56 8.20 HR
滇薯701 M.i 70 55.00 MS 39.53 38.37 MR
Dianshu 701 M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM
滇同1号 M.i 100 83.33 HS 42.86 39.29 MR
Diantong 1 M.j 0 0 IM 0 0 IM

表3

水旱轮作后块茎、根系和土壤中根结线虫情况统计"

作物
Crops		 块茎线虫
Nematodes
of tuber		 根系线虫
Nematodes
of root		 土壤线虫
Nematodes of soil		 相对防治效果
Relative control
effect (%)
一茬 青薯9号-青薯9号 Qingshu 9-Qingshu 9 + + +
First 滇杂36-青薯9号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Qingshu 9 - - 100
crop 合作88-合作88 Cooperation 88-Cooperation 88 + + +
Apr., 2017 滇杂36-合作88 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Cooperation 88 - - 100
丽薯6号-丽薯6号 Lishu 6-Lishu 6 + + +
滇杂36-丽薯6号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Lishu 6 - - 100
1002-1-1002-1 + + +
滇杂36-1002-1 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-1002-1 - - 100
二茬 青薯9号-青薯9号 Qingshu 9-Qingshu 9 + + +
Second 滇杂36-青薯9号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36 -Qingshu 9 - - - 100
crop 合作88-合作88 Cooperation 88-Cooperation 88 + + +
Nov., 2011 滇杂36-作88 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Cooperation 88 - - - 100
丽薯6号-丽薯6号 Lishu 6-Lishu 6 + + +
滇杂36-丽薯6号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Lishu 6 - - - 100
1002-1-1002-1 + + +
滇杂36-1002-1 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-1002-1 - - - 100
三茬 青薯9号-青薯9号 Qingshu 9-Qingshu 9 + + +
Third 滇杂36-青薯9号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Qingshu 9 - - 100
crop 合作88-合作88 Cooperation 88-Cooperation 88 + + +
Apr., 2018 滇杂36-合作88 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Cooperation 88 - - 100
丽薯6号-丽薯6号 Lishu 6-Lishu 6 + + +
滇杂36-丽薯6号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Lishu 6 - - 100
1002-1-1002-1 + + +
滇杂36-1002-1 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-1002-1 - - 100
四茬 青薯9号-青薯9号 Qingshu 9-Qingshu 9 + + +
The 滇杂36-青薯9号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Qingshu 9 - - - 100
fourth 合作88-合作88 Cooperation 88-Cooperation 88 + + +
crop 滇杂36-合作88 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Cooperation 88 - - - 100
Nov., 2018 丽薯6号-丽薯6号 Lishu 6-Lishu 6 + + +
滇杂36-丽薯6号 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-Lishu 6 - - - 100
1002-1-1002-1 + + +
滇杂36-1002-1 Yunnan miscellaneous 36-1002-1 - - - 100

图1

水旱轮作对马铃薯单株产量、单株有效产量、单株结薯数、块茎侵染率的影响 A: 水旱轮作对马铃薯单株产量的影响; B: 水旱轮作对马铃薯单株有效产量的影响; C: 水旱轮作对马铃薯结薯数的影响; D: 水旱轮作对马铃薯块茎侵染率的影响。Q9: 青薯9号; H88: 合作88; L6: 丽薯6号。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。计算结果为第二茬和第四茬两季的平均值。"

图2

土壤中根结线虫密度随浸水时间的动态变化 Density 数字±数字: 根结线虫基础密度。"

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