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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2831-2447.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41012

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播量对缩行带状滴灌燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响

杨志雪1,2(), 刘景辉1,2,*(), 米俊珍1,2,*(), 孙婧1,2, 赵宝平1,2, 任长忠3, 田露4, 郑成忠5   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000
    2内蒙古高校燕麦工程研究中心 / 内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室 / 内蒙古农业大学杂粮产业协同创新中心, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000
    3白城市农业科学院, 吉林白城 137000
    4内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010000
    5乌兰察布市农林科学研究所, 内蒙古乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-21 接受日期:2024-06-20 出版日期:2024-11-12 网络出版日期:2024-07-15
  • 通讯作者: *刘景辉, E-mail: cauljh @163.com; 米俊珍, E-mail: imaumjz@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18847161833@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    燕麦全产业链科技创新团队项目(BR22-12-05);内蒙古重大专项(2021ZD0002);内蒙古自治区燕麦藜麦产业技术创新推广体系, 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(燕麦荞麦, CARS-07);内蒙古“草原英才”燕麦种质资源利用创新人才团队和内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室能力建设项目(BR221023)

Effect of seeding rates on lodging resistance and yield of oat under reduced strip drip irrigation

YANG Zhi-Xue1,2(), LIU Jing-Hui1,2,*(), MI Jun-Zhen1,2,*(), SUN Jing1,2, ZHAO Bao-Ping1,2, REN Chang-Zhong3, TIAN Lu4, ZHENG Cheng-Zhong5   

  1. 1School of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Inner Mongolia University Oat Engineering Research Center / Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oat Engineering Laboratory / Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Multi-grain Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Baicheng City Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jilin Province, Baicheng 137000, Jilin, China
    4Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
    5Ulanqab City Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Ulanqab 012000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-02-21 Accepted:2024-06-20 Published:2024-11-12 Published online:2024-07-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: cauljh @163.com; E-mail: imaumjz@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:
    Oat Whole industry Chain Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(BR22-12-05);Inner Mongolia Major Project(2021ZD0002);Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oat Quinoa Industry Technology Innovation and PromotionSystem, the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Oat Buckwheat, CARS-07);Inner Mongolia ‘Grassland Talents’ Oat Germplasm Resource Utilization Innovative Talent Team and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Supported by Capacity Building Project of Oat Engineering Laboratory(BR221023)

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摘要：

为明确缩行带状滴灌下播量对燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响, 于2022—2023年以抗倒伏品种“坝莜1号”和易倒伏品种“燕科2号”为试验材料, 分别设90 kg hm-2 (S1)、120 kg hm-2 (S2)、150 kg hm-2 (S3)、180 kg hm-2 (S4)和210 kg hm-2 (S5) 5个播量, 研究其对燕麦茎秆基部理化特性、抗倒伏能力、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明, 燕麦株高和重心高度随播量增加呈先升高后降低趋势, “坝莜1号”在S3处理下最高, 较其他处理株分别增加了2.63%~13.36%和1.49%~12.30%; “燕科2号”在S2处理下最高, 较其他处理分别增加了2.52%~15.20%、4.67%~21.21%。两燕麦茎秆基部第二节间长随播量增加而增加, S1较其他处理降低了10.86%~96.39%, 第二节间粗、干重、充实度及抗折力随播量增加而减小, S1较其他处理分别增加了1.76%~32.81%、9.08%~125.89%、26.88%~292.64%、6.48%~129.70%。随着播量的增加, 燕麦茎秆基部纤维素、可溶性糖、C/N、钾、硅含量逐渐降低, 氮含量相反。与其他处理相比较, S1处理各化学组分含量分别增加了5.81%~74.10%、1.62%~24.34%、4.78%~55.41%、1.90%~107.78%、2.00%~17.37%, 氮含量降低了2.95%~22.66%。倒伏率和倒伏级别在不同年份和品种间表现不同: 2022年坝莜1号和燕科2号分别在S4~S5和S3~S5播量下发生倒伏, 2023年两燕麦均发生倒伏, 且倒伏率和倒伏分级随播量增加而增加。穗粒数和千粒重随播量增加而降低, 但籽粒产量呈先升高后降低趋势, “坝莜1号”和“燕科2号”分别在150 kg hm-2和120 kg hm-2下籽粒产量最高。相关性分析表明, 燕麦茎秆基部节间形态特征和化学组分含量显著影响茎秆基部抗折力, 从而影响田间倒伏率和级别, 可作为评价燕麦抗倒伏能力的关键指标。综合考虑抗倒伏能力与籽粒产量, 坝莜1号最佳播量为150 kg hm-2, 燕科2号最佳播量为120 kg hm-2。

关键词: 茎秆基部形态, 茎秆基部化学组分含量, 抗折力, 倒伏率, 产量

Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the effects of seeding rate under reduced strip irrigation on the lodging resistance and yield of oat. Five seeding rates—90 kg hm-2, 120 kg hm-2, 150 kg hm-2, 180 kg hm-2, and 210 kg hm-2 were tested on the lodging-resistant variety ‘Bayou 1’ and the easily lodging variety ‘Yanke 2’ from 2022 to 2023. We investigated the effects on physicochemical properties, lodging resistance, yield, and constituent factors of the oat stem base. The results showed that the plant height and center of gravity height of oat initially increased and then decreased with an increasing seeding rate. For ‘Bayou 1’, the highest plant height and center of gravity height were observed under the 150 kg hm-2 treatment, increasing by 2.63%-13.36% and 1.49%-12.30% compared to other treatments, respectively. For ‘Yanke 2’, the highest values were under the 120 kg hm-2 treatment, with increases of 2.52%-15.20% and 4.67%-21.21%, respectively. The second internode length of both oat varieties increased with seeding rate, while the course, dry weight, fullness, and bending resistance of the second internode decreased. Compared with other treatments, the 90 kg hm-2 treatment showed increases of 1.76%-32.81% in coarse, 9.08%-125.89% in dry weight, 26.88%-292.64% in fullness, and 6.48%-129.70% in bending resistance. With higher seeding rates, the contents of cellulose, soluble sugar, C/N ratio, potassium, and silicon in the oat stem base decreased, while nitrogen content increased. Under the 90 kg hm-2 treatment, these chemical components increased by 5.81%-74.10%, 1.62%-24.34%, 4.78%-55.41%, 1.90%-107.78%, and 2.00%-17.37%, respectively, whereas nitrogen content decreased by 2.95%-22.66%. Lodging rates and grades varied by year and variety. Lodging occurred in ‘Bayou 1’ and ‘Yanke 2’ under seeding rates of 180-210 kg hm-2 and 150-210 kg hm-2, respectively, with both varieties experiencing increased lodging in 2023 as seeding rates rose. The number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight decreased with higher seeding rates, but grain yield initially increased and then decreased. The highest grain yields for ‘Bayou 1’ and ‘Yanke 2’ were achieved at 150 kg hm-2 and 120 kg hm-2, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the morphological characteristics and chemical composition of the stem base significantly affected its folding resistance, subsequently influencing lodging rate and grade. These factors can be key indices for evaluating oat lodging resistance. Considering lodging resistance and grain yield, the optimal seeding rates for ‘Bayou 1’ and ‘Yanke 2’ were 150 kg hm-2 and 120 kg hm-2, respectively.

Key words: stem base morphology, the content of chemical components in stem base, bending resistance, lodging rate, yield

图1

燕麦生育期内降雨量和平均气温"

表1

试验地土壤基础养分"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali hydrolyzed
nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg-1)
2022 8.01 27.60 2.02 535.67 18.70 121.33 5.13 241.67
2023 7.96 28.35 2.98 528.56 16.88 134.25 6.06 237.23

图2

缩行带状滴灌燕麦种植模式示意图"

表2

不同播量对燕麦株高、重心高度的影响"

年份 Year 品种 Variety 播量 Seeding rate 株高Plant height (cm) 重心高度 Height of center of gravity (cm)
抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2022 BY1 S1 104.36±0.46 ef 104.05±0.56 d 102.74±2.87 f 53.51±3.91 de 54.85±0.72 de 53.07±1.86 cd
S2 105.51±1.95 de 108.90±0.80 c 107.92±1.02 e 58.04±1.40 abc 58.51±0.99 b 56.62±1.25 bc
S3 110.79±3.29 c 112.59±0.77 b 112.29±2.36 d 59.53±0.93 ab 59.90±0.70 b 59.27±1.23 b
S4 106.62±0.29 de 107.70±0.61 c 106.96±1.24 e 56.69±0.53 bc 57.55±1.25 bc 56.87±2.25 bc
S5 95.82±1.30 g 103.85±2.00 d 103.63±0.20 f 52.44±0.70 e 52.68±2.58 e 53.82±1.66 cd
YK2 S1 115.08±2.44 b 115.32±2.31 b 115.23±0.89 c 53.30±0.42 de 58.50±1.74 b 56.54±0.34 bc
S2 118.46±1.58 a 121.97±1.80 a 121.89±0.55 a 60.26±0.63 a 62.68±1.40 a 68.02±3.55 a
S3 110.72±2.80 c 121.20±1.23 a 119.52±1.88 ab 56.09±0.46 cd 58.29±1.16 b 58.08±3.03 b
S4 108.41±1.72 cd 120.44±2.09 a 117.23±0.21 bc 53.29±1.06 de 55.40±0.92 cd 53.56±3.11 cd
S5 101.84±0.89 f 114.52±1.81 b 115.49±1.84 c 55.26±2.34 cde 54.84±0.31 de 52.41±1.14 d
2023 BY1 S1 105.82±3.58 d 109.93±2.36 cd 106.31±3.89 d 46.17±0.87 bc 48.85±1.32 ef 47.62±1.62 f
S2 110.26±2.92 abc 112.05±0.69 abc 110.01±3.16 bc 47.70±1.56 bc 52.02±0.76 bcd 50.19±0.96 e
S3 113.98±2.29 a 114.13±2.02 ab 115.94±0.76 a 49.09±0.53 ab 54.45±2.02 a 55.89±1.50 ab
S4 107.61±0.90 cd 107.62±1.63 de 101.09±3.12 e 49.08±1.19 ab 50.25±0.81 de 51.27±1.03 de
S5 104.58±2.47 d 104.51±3.57 e 97.94±2.42 e 45.98±1.35 c 48.04±1.12 f 46.47±0.58 f
YK2 S1 108.43±2.08 bcd 111.13±0.82 bc 111.71±3.91 ab 47.60±1.26 bc 52.00±0.29 bcd 52.64±1.33 cd
S2 112.78±0.52 a 115.05±0.39 a 116.33±1.50 a 50.33±1.37 a 53.94±1.62 ab 57.57±1.30 a
S3 112.25±1.96 ab 112.42±0.60 abc 113.14±1.10 ab 49.05±0.41 ab 52.98±1.09 abc 55.50±0.39 b
S4 105.34±2.47 d 105.85±2.47 e 108.71±1.94 bc 47.86±1.47 bc 51.18±0.54 cd 54.02±0.02 bc
S5 104.15±1.93 d 104.30±1.24 e 105.90±1.80 d 47.72±1.14 bc 47.84±1.18 f 51.11±0.87 de
方差分析ANOVA
V ** ** ** NS * **
S ** ** ** ** ** **
V×S ** NS ** ** ** **

表3

播量对不同燕麦茎秆基部节间长、粗的影响"

年份Year 品种Variety 播量 Seeding rate 第二节间长 Second internode length (cm) 第二节间粗 Second internode diameter (mm)
抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2022 BY1 S1 8.98±0.31 e 8.45±0.65 e 9.82±0.67 g 4.36±0.11 a 4.60±0.03 a 4.81±0.07 a
S2 9.07±0.72 e 11.34±1.22 d 10.84±0.35 fg 4.23±0.12 ab 4.47±0.12 ab 4.67±0.10 a
S3 10.71±1.05 d 12.42±0.94 d 12.29±0.17 de 4.13±0.14 b 4.24±0.14 cd 4.38±0.11 b
S4 14.18±0.52 ab 15.73±0.67 abc 14.69±0.45 bc 3.88±0.05 c 3.90±0.09 e 4.08±0.14 cd
S5 15.12±0.25 a 16.45±0.79 a 15.51±0.60 ab 3.68±0.04 d 3.68±0.14 f 3.78±0.12 e
YK2 S1 10.63±0.51 d 11.94±0.34 d 11.83±0.29 ef 4.25±0.04 ab 4.42±0.09 abc 4.39±0.18 b
S2 12.19±0.47 c 14.50±0.82 c 13.00±0.95 de 4.20±0.04 ab 4.38±0.08 bc 4.35±0.11 b
S3 12.44±0.32 c 14.99±0.10 bc 13.41±0.40 cd 4.10±0.01 b 4.10±0.06 d 4.21±0.18 bc
S4 13.80±0.47 b 16.06±0.20 ab 14.90±1.12 ab 3.82±0.08 cd 3.91±0.13 e 3.90±0.06 de
S5 15.04±1.37 a 16.86±1.06 a 16.13±1.50 a 3.73±0.18 cd 3.69±0.13 f 3.69±0.13 e
2023 BY1 S1 5.80±0.61 e 6.71±0.99 e 6.20±0.17 g 4.33±0.17 a 4.34±0.02 a 4.14±0.24 a
S2 7.00±0.74 e 8.13±0.97 de 9.02±0.62 de 4.31±0.11 a 3.95±0.07 b 3.92±0.14 ab
S3 8.54±0.35 cd 10.92±0.82 bc 10.30±0.69 cd 4.29±0.07 a 3.61±0.11 cd 3.77±0.15 bc
S4 9.69±0.63 bc 12.91±0.88 a 12.12±0.98 b 3.91±0.07 c 3.39±0.25 de 3.46±0.20 d
S5 10.15±0.24 b 13.30±0.84 a 13.21±1.13 b 3.78±0.12 cd 3.20±0.09 ef 2.99±0.12 ef
YK2 S1 6.50±0.55 e 7.00±0.95 de 7.22±0.07 fg 4.26±0.12 a 4.04±0.02 b 4.04±0.08 ab
S2 8.28±1.38 d 8.78±1.54 d 8.62±1.03 ef 4.15±0.07 ab 3.94±0.12 b 3.88±0.13 abc
S3 8.61±0.46 cd 10.57±0.60 c 11.64±0.64 bc 3.99±0.13 bc 3.68±0.14 c 3.62±0.26 cd
S4 10.74±0.60 ab 12.46±1.56 ab 12.76±1.64 b 3.79±0.12 cd 3.38±0.22 de 3.17±0.09 e
S5 11.83±0.52 a 14.11±0.60 a 15.78±0.50 a 3.64±0.22 d 3.03±0.07 f 2.82±0.05 f
方差分析ANOVA
V ** ** ** ** * **
S ** ** ** ** ** **
V×S * * NS NS NS NS

表4

播量对不同燕麦茎秆基部节间干重、充实度的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播量
Seeding rate		 第二节间干重 Second internode dry weight (g) 第二节间充实度 Second internode fullness (mg cm-1)
抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2022 BY1 S1 0.37±0.20 a 0.29±0.02 a 0.27±0.02 ab 25.56±3.47 a 31.01±2.36 a 27.18±2.13 a
S2 0.27±0.02 ab 0.24±0.03 abc 0.27±0.05 ab 20.42±0.35 bc 21.22±4.09 bc 24.65±3.73 a
S3 0.23±0.03 b 0.22±0.01 cde 0.22±0.01 bc 16.27±2.51 cde 17.86±1.29 cd 17.99±0.46 b
S4 0.21±0.01 b 0.18±0.01 de 0.20±0.03 c 11.87±1.15 ef 11.44±0.53 f 13.46±1.62 c
S5 0.20±0.02 b 0.12±0.02 fg 0.13±0.03 e 10.78±1.20 f 7.27±1.07 gh 8.26±2.14 d
YK2 S1 0.28±0.05 ab 0.28±0.04 ab 0.30±0.04 a 23.22±4.90 ab 23.11±3.32 b 25.12±2.95 a
S2 0.26±0.02 ab 0.23±0.07 bcd 0.20±0.01 c 17.82±2.20 cd 15.75±3.75 de 15.16±0.86 bc
S3 0.23±0.05 b 0.19±0.02 cde 0.19±0.02 cd 15.57±2.92 de 12.38±1.32 ef 13.83±1.16 c
S4 0.22±0.01 b 0.17±0.00 ef 0.14±0.03 de 13.50±0.53 def 10.59±0.08 fg 9.51±2.53 d
S5 0.19±0.03 b 0.10±0.02 g 0.11±0.02 e 11.01±1.49 f 6.18±0.87 h 6.63±0.94 d
2023 BY1 S1 0.15±0.06 a 0.20±0.01 a 0.19±0.01 a 24.94±2.08 a 30.86±5.80 a 31.28±0.70 a
S2 0.13±0.01 a 0.19±0.01 ab 0.18±0.01 ab 22.85±2.59 a 22.93±1.49 bc 23.00±3.89 c
S3 0.12±0.02 a 0.17±0.01 bc 0.17±0.00 b 15.31±1.10 bc 15.82±0.94 de 16.28±1.10 d
S4 0.11±0.04 a 0.16±0.01 c 0.15±0.03 c 11.98±1.63 cde 12.16±0.70 ef 11.87±0.98 e
S5 0.10±0.01 a 0.13±0.01 d 0.13±0.01 cd 10.12±1.11 de 9.86±0.45 f 9.87±1.50 e
YK2 S1 0.12±0.02 a 0.18±0.02 ab 0.19±0.01 a 16.84±3.96 b 26.46±3.17 b 26.93±1.09 b
S2 0.11±0.03 a 0.17±0.02 bc 0.19±0.02 ab 13.64±3.87 bcd 19.35±0.91 cd 21.62±3.66 c
S3 0.11±0.03 a 0.16±0.01 c 0.18±0.01 ab 13.45±2.79 bcd 14.99±0.63 e 15.46±1.41 d
S4 0.11±0.02 a 0.15±0.02 cd 0.14±0.01 c 10.49±1.66 de 11.96±1.97 ef 10.92±0.35 e
S5 0.10±0.01 a 0.13±0.01 d 0.11±0.01 d 8.15±1.05 e 9.22±0.70 f 7.12±0.38 f
方差分析ANOVA
V NS * ** * ** **
S * ** ** ** ** **
V×S NS NS NS NS ** NS

表5

品种、播量及互作效应对抗折力影响的方差分析"

变异来源 Source of variation 抽穗期 Heading stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Maturity stage
V NS ** **
S ** ** **
V×S NS NS **

图3

不同播量对燕麦抗折力的影响 不同小写字母表示0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写和处理同表2。"

表6

品种、播量及互作效应对纤维素含量影响的方差分析"

变异来源 Source of variation 抽穗期Heading stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Maturity stage
V NS ** **
S ** ** **
V×S NS NS NS

图4

不同播量对燕麦茎秆基部第二节间纤维素含量的影响 不同小写字母表示0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写和处理同表2。"

表7

不同播量对燕麦可溶性糖含量、氮含量的影响"

年份Year 品种Variety 播量Seeding rate 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content 氮含量 Nitrogen content
抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2022 BY1 S1 7.16±0.29 a 6.21±0.09 a 6.73±0.27 a 0.69±0.02 c 0.67±0.01 e 0.67±0.01 d
S2 6.47±0.13 b 6.07±0.10 b 6.21±0.14 b 0.74±0.06 bc 0.67±0.01 e 0.68±0.02 cd
S3 5.92±0.15 cde 6.03±0.04 bc 5.65±0.09 c 0.76±0.03 bc 0.72±0.01 d 0.69±0.02 cd
S4 5.69±0.17 de 5.81±0.19 efg 5.60±0.05 c 0.77±0.05 bc 0.75±0.02 c 0.70±0.02 bcd
S5 5.63±0.31 de 5.70±0.06 fg 5.47±0.05 c 0.78±0.06 bc 0.79±0.03 b 0.71±0.00 bc
YK2 S1 5.94±0.04 cd 5.98±0.08 bcd 6.08±0.18 b 0.76±0.04 bc 0.66±0.02 e 0.67±0.01 d
S2 5.92±0.09 cde 5.92±0.05 bcde 6.06±0.12 b 0.79±0.02 b 0.71±0.01 d 0.69±0.02 cd
S3 6.10±0.23 c 5.88±0.04 cde 5.64±0.04 c 0.80±0.03 b 0.75±0.01 c 0.71±0.03 bc
S4 5.79±0.07 cde 5.84±0.03 def 5.56±0.02 c 0.82±0.04 b 0.79±0.01 b 0.73±0.03 ab
S5 5.60±0.06 e 5.66±0.05 g 5.46±0.22 c 0.93±0.12 a 0.83±0.01 a 0.76±0.02 a
2023 BY1 S1 6.41±0.04 a 6.53±0.05 a 6.30±0.06 a 0.75±0.04 h 0.80±0.00 f 0.82±0.02 bcd
S2 6.06±0.02 b 6.22±0.08 b 6.23±0.02 a 0.91±0.06 g 0.87±0.06 e 0.85±0.06 abcd
S3 5.79±0.06 e 5.92±0.01 c 6.00±0.03 b 0.96±0.07 fg 0.91±0.03 de 0.90±0.02 abc
S4 5.57±0.05 f 5.67±0.05 e 5.63±0.02 d 1.00±0.03 def 0.95±0.04 cd 0.91±0.05 ab
S5 5.27±0.07 g 5.48±0.06 f 5.41±0.03 e 1.03±0.02 cde 0.98±0.06 bc 0.92±0.04 ab
YK2 S1 6.03±0.03 bc 5.91±0.01 c 6.04±0.14 b 0.97±0.04 efg 0.88±0.01 e 0.77±0.01 d
S2 5.97±0.06 cd 5.81±0.02 d 5.86±0.06 c 1.05±0.03 cd 1.00±0.05 abc 0.80±0.06 cd
S3 5.90±0.03 d 5.73±0.03 e 5.67±0.08 d 1.08±0.02 bc 1.03±0.01 ab 0.85±0.01 abcd
S4 5.62±0.02 f 5.36±0.04 g 5.38±0.03 e 1.12±0.01 b 1.03±0.02 ab 0.90±0.14 abc
S5 5.31±0.02 g 5.17±0.02 h 5.16±0.03 f 1.18±0.04 a 1.05±0.03 a 0.95±0.02 a
方差分析ANOVA
V ** ** ** ** ** NS
S ** ** ** ** ** **
V×S ** ** ** NS NS NS

表8

品种、播量及互作效应对C/N影响的方差分析"

变异来源 Source of variation 抽穗期Heading stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Maturity stage
V ** ** **
S ** ** **
V×S ** NS NS

图5

不同播量对燕麦茎秆基部第二节间C/N的影响 不同小写字母表示0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写和处理同表2。"

表9

不同播量对燕麦茎秆基部钾、硅含量的影响"

年份Year 品种Variety 播量Seeding rate K含量K content Si含量Si content
抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2022 BY1 S1 3.97±0.21 a 3.87±0.21 a 3.03±0.32 a 3.70±0.09 a 3.90±0.02 a 3.81±0.05 a
S2 3.83±0.49 ab 3.50±0.10 bc 2.97±0.21 ab 3.61±0.04 b 3.48±0.05 b 3.69±0.03 b
S3 3.33±0.15 bcde 3.40±0.00 bc 2.63±0.06 bcd 3.60±0.03 b 3.42±0.02 bc 3.68±0.02 b
S4 2.93±0.32 e 3.27±0.06 c 2.37±0.25 de 3.33±0.03 cd 3.22±0.03 e 3.57±0.05 c
S5 2.80±0.17 e 2.33±0.12 e 2.07±0.12 ef 3.28±0.02 de 3.09±0.05 g 3.21±0.02 f
YK2 S1 3.70±0.30 abc 3.60±0.26 ab 2.90±0.30 abc 3.38±0.03 c 3.35±0.03 cd 3.55±0.03 c
S2 3.57±0.06 abcd 3.23±0.25 cd 2.57±0.21 cd 3.33±0.01 cd 3.32±0.07 d 3.47±0.01 d
S3 3.17±0.32 cde 2.97±0.15 d 2.30±0.10 def 3.23±0.02 e 3.15±0.01 f 3.35±0.03 e
S4 3.10±0.46 de 2.50±0.10 e 1.97±0.06 f 3.12±0.03 f 3.08±0.04 g 3.18±0.04 f
S5 2.83±0.06 e 1.77±0.15 f 1.57±0.12 g 3.01±0.05 g 3.00±0.02 h 2.97±0.05 g
2023 BY1 S1 3.18±0.23 a 2.70±0.14 a 2.42±0.05 a 3.71±0.13 a 3.92±0.04 a 3.97±0.04 a
S2 3.17±0.17 a 2.56±0.06 abc 2.07±0.19 bc 3.41±0.06 bc 3.83±0.05 b 3.84±0.12 b
S3 2.64±0.10 bcd 2.51±0.03 bc 1.83±0.08 de 3.54±0.03 ab 3.76±0.06 b 3.76±0.05 bc
S4 2.46±0.04 de 2.51±0.06 bcd 1.73±0.10 ef 3.29±0.03 cd 3.63±0.03 cd 3.73±0.03 cd
S5 2.32±0.07 e 2.36±0.11 d 1.29±0.22 g 3.23±0.09 de 3.61±0.02 cd 3.66±0.02 d
YK2 S1 3.11±0.05 a 2.63±0.04 ab 2.22±0.13 ab 3.55±0.05 ab 3.79±0.07 b 3.77±0.06 bc
S2 2.85±0.26 b 2.41±0.11 cd 1.96±0.04 cd 3.42±0.07 bc 3.68±0.04 c 3.69±0.03 cd
S3 2.75±0.10 bc 2.06±0.03 e 1.63±0.07 ef 3.31±0.01 cd 3.56±0.04 d 3.64±0.07 d
S4 2.56±0.12 cde 1.93±0.07 ef 1.54±0.10 f 3.15±0.03 de 3.48±0.03 e 3.46±0.04 e
S5 2.39±0.13 de 1.79±0.12 f 0.96±0.08 h 3.09±0.23 e 3.45±0.01 e 3.38±0.06 e
方差分析ANOVA
V NS ** ** ** ** **
S ** ** ** ** ** **
V×S NS ** NS NS ** **

表10

不同播量对燕麦田间实际倒伏情况及倒伏级别的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播种量
Seeding rate		 倒伏时期
Stage of lodging		 倒伏面积
Lodging area (%)		 倒伏分级
Lodging grade
2022 BY1 S1 — 0±0 f 0
S2 — 0±0 f 0
S3 — 0±0 f 0
S4 成熟期Maturity stage 13.29±13.29 e 1
S5 成熟期Maturity stage 23.75±23.75 d 2
YK2 S1 — 0±0 f 0
S2 — 0±0 f 0
S3 灌浆期Filling stage 27.29±27.29 c 2
S4 灌浆期Filling stage 53.36±53.36 b 3
S5 灌浆期Filling stage 82.31±82.31 a 3
2023 BY1 S1 灌浆期Filling stage 13.33±2.89 e 1
S2 灌浆期Filling stage 25.00±5.00 d 2
S3 灌浆期Filling stage 33.33±2.89 d 2
S4 灌浆期Filling stage 51.67±7.64 c 3
S5 灌浆期Filling stage 68.33±2.89 b 3
YK2 S1 灌浆期Filling stage 23.33±2.89 d 2
S2 灌浆期Filling stage 30.00±10.00 d 2
2023 YK2 S3 抽穗期Heading stage 60.00±10.00 bc 3
S4 抽穗期Heading stage 88.33±2.89 a 3
S5 抽穗期Heading stage 95.00±0.00 a 3
方差分析ANOVA
V **
S **
V×S **

表11

不同播量对燕麦产量及构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 播量
Seeding rate		 收获穗数
Spike
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number
per spike		 千粒重
Thousand-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2022 BY1 S1 481.33±32.02 de 84.11±1.92 ab 23.01±0.23 a 4100.02±173.21 bcd
S2 530.67±21.20 bcd 77.22±11.65 bc 20.57±0.15 b 4266.69±57.74 b
S3 546.00±22.72 bc 69.33±3.67 cd 20.30±0.42 b 4500.02±100.00 a
S4 651.67±11.93 a 60.11±10.12 de 19.33±0.57 c 4166.69±152.75 bc
S5 679.67±31.79 a 49.34±7.64 e 18.47±0.42 d 4033.35±57.74 cde
YK2 S1 412.67±8.08 f 94.78±7.67 a 22.43±0.37 a 3953.85±68.62 de
S2 483.33±28.59 de 79.78±3.87 bc 20.88±0.37 b 4143.02±60.44 bc
S3 453.67±41.96 ef 76.34±4.51 bc 20.71±0.47 b 4035.85±23.42 cde
S4 513.67±47.82 cd 67.00±9.68 cd 19.47±0.30 c 3886.29±22.01 e
S5 570.67±20.03 b 57.22±2.80 de 17.96±0.32 d 3703.89±123.33 f
2023 BY1 S1 434.67±27.06 c 80.22±5.09 b 23.73±0.95 a 4148.79±92.50 cd
S2 489.33±80.65 bc 69.67±3.00 c 22.79±0.99 a 4219.89±101.61 bc
S3 533.67±13.58 ab 64.67±6.84 c 22.16±1.87 ab 4387.92±39.51 a
S4 542.67±3.79 ab 52.56±5.50 d 20.14±0.43 cd 4043.75±72.81 d
S5 592.67±39.17 a 47.56±1.17 d 19.16±0.87 de 3867.82±122.71 e
YK2 S1 484.00±12.12 bc 90.00±3.33 a 21.11±0.54 bc 4133.85±68.62 cd
2023 YK2 S2 546.67±30.62 ab 86.34±5.13 ab 20.21±1.18 cd 4363.02±60.44 ab
S3 511.33±11.15 b 67.56±3.36 c 19.84±0.36 cd 4025.85±23.42 bc
S4 537.00±22.61 ab 47.78±4.17 d 18.65±0.22 de 3816.29±22.01 d
S5 592.67±16.86 a 45.00±8.74 d 17.71±0.36 e 3653.89±123.33 e
方差分析ANOVA
V ** ** ** **
S ** ** ** **
V×S * NS NS *

表12

不同播量下燕麦茎秆理化特性与抗折力、倒伏率和产量的相关性分析"

指标
Item		 抗折力
Stem bending resistance		 倒伏率
Lodging rate		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
株高Plant height 0.22 -0.23 0.22
重心高度Height of center of gravity -0.06 -0.51** 0.29*
基部第二节间长The second internode length -0.76** 0.32* -0.51**
基部第二节间粗The second internode stem diameter 0.54** -0.82** 0.43**
基部第二节间干重The second internode dry weight 0.77** -0.66** 0.40**
基部第二节间充实度The second internode fullness 0.27* -0.72** 0.40**
纤维素含量 Cellulose content 0.50** -0.51** 0.40**
可溶性糖Soluble sugar content 0.62** -0.72** 0.43**
氮含量N content -0.13 0.74** -0.14
碳氮比 C/N 0.32* -0.82** 0.25
钾含量K content 0.24 -0.71** 0.30*
硅含量Si content 0.75** -0.40** 0.56**
抗折力Stem bending resistance — -0.48** 0.57**
倒伏率 Lodging rate -0.48** — -0.58**
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