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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1189-1197.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44062

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘蓝型油菜种子和种皮中水杨酸含量与原花色素积累的关系研究

夏琦1(), 郭滢1, 王坤美1, 王思忆1, 巨建业2, 彭雅雯2, 刘忠松2,*(), 夏石头1,*()   

  1. 1湖南农业大学 / 植物激素与生长发育湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410128
    2湖南农业大学农学院, 湖南长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-18 接受日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2025-05-12 网络出版日期:2024-12-18
  • 通讯作者: *刘忠松, E-mail: zsliu48@hunau.net; 夏石头, E-mail: xstone0505@hunau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xiaqi@stu.hunau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“甘蓝型油菜黄籽性状遗传稳定性的调控机制研究”(U20A2029);国家自然科学基金项目“油菜GYF1与互作因子对真菌病害抗性的调控机理研究”(31971836)

Correlation between salicylic acid and anthocyanins accumulation in seeds of different varieties in Brassica napus

XIA Qi1(), GUO Ying1, WANG Kun-Mei1, WANG Si-Yi1, JU Jian-Ye2, PENG Ya-Wen2, LIU Zhong-Song2,*(), XIA Shi-Tou1,*()   

  1. 1Hunan Agricultural University / Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-04-18 Accepted:2024-12-12 Published:2025-05-12 Published online:2024-12-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: zsliu48@hunau.net; E-mail: xstone0505@hunau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China “Regulatory Mechanism of Yellow Seed Genetic Stability in Brassica napus”(U20A2029);National Natural Science Foundation of China “Studies on Regulatory Mechanism of Canola GYF1 Protein and its Interaction Factors on Resistance to Fungal Diseases”(31971836)

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摘要：

甘蓝型黄、黑籽油菜种子颜色差异显著, 原花色素是色泽差异的主要影响因素。为探究植物激素水杨酸(SA)对油菜种子颜色的调控作用, 本研究通过切片观察和超高效液相色谱串联质谱法, 分析了甘蓝型黑籽材料“中双11” (ZS11)与3种甘蓝型黄籽材料“黄矮早” (HAZ)、“华黄1号” (HH1)和GH06在不同发育时期的种子及种皮中花色素和SA的变化, 发现黑籽品种ZS11在开花后25 d呈现明显色素积累, 而黄籽材料HAZ没有色素积累层; 开花后20 d, 4个油菜材料种子和种皮中原花色素A1、B2含量逐渐上升, 开花后25 d时达到峰值; 此后, ZS11中原花色素A1、B2含量稳定在一个较高水平, 且都极显著高于3个黄籽材料HAZ、GH06和HH1。开花后15 d, SA含量逐渐上升, 20~25 d达到峰值, 然后下降; 开花后20 d以后, ZS11的种子和种皮中SA含量均显著高于3个黄籽材料。进一步分析发现, 种子中的水杨酸含量与花色素积累之间呈正相关。在外源喷施1 mmol L-1 SA的处理下, HAZ种皮色素的积累得到了加强, 褐色种子的比例极显著增加。这表明, 较高水平的SA有助于甘蓝型油菜种子和种皮的花色素积累, 促进黑籽的形成, 而较低水平的SA则有利于黄籽的形成, 从而为黄籽油菜的育种提供了新的思路。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 种子颜色, 水杨酸, 原花色素

Abstract:

The color difference between yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus is significant, with proanthocyanidins being one of the main factors influencing this variation. To explore the regulatory role of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) in rapeseed seed color, this study conducted in-depth analyses of anthocyanins and SA at different developmental stages in seeds and seed coats of B. napus varieties, including the black-seeded “Zhongshuang11” (ZS11) and the yellow-seeded “Huang’aizao” (HAZ), “Huahuang1” (HH1), and GH06. Observations of seed sections and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were employed. The results showed that black-seeded ZS11 exhibited significant pigment accumulation at 25 days after flowering (DAF), whereas yellow-seeded HAZ lacked a pigment-accumulating layer. From 20 DAF, anthocyanins A1 and B2 in the seeds and seed coats of all four varieties gradually increased, peaking at 25 DAF. In ZS11, anthocyanin A1 and B2 levels remained stable and high after 25 DAF, and were significantly higher than those in the three yellow-seeded varieties (HAZ, GH06, and HH1) at the 0.01 significance level. SA content also gradually increased after 15 DAF, peaking between 20 and 25 DAF, and subsequently decreased. Notably, after 20 DAF, SA concentrations in the seeds and seed coats of ZS11 were significantly higher than those in the yellow-seeded varieties. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between SA concentration and anthocyanin accumulation in B. napus. Moreover, exogenous application of SA (1 mmol L-1) significantly increased pigment accumulation in the seed coats of HAZ and resulted in a higher percentage of dark brown seeds. These findings indicate that elevated SA levels promote anthocyanin accumulation in B. napus seeds and seed coats, contributing to the formation of black seeds, while lower SA levels favor the development of yellow seed traits. This study provides new insights into the role of SA in seed color regulation and offers a theoretical basis for breeding yellow-seeded B. napus varieties.

Key words: Brassica napus, seed color, salicylic acid, proanthocyanins

图1

甘蓝型油菜成熟种子的颜色比较 ZS11: 中双11; HAZ: 黄矮早; HH1: 华黄1号。"

图2

甘蓝型黄和黑籽油菜籽粒发育过程中种子切片观察 黑色箭头指向色素积累层, 标尺为50 μm; ZS11: 中双11; HAZ: 黄矮早。"

表1

不同油菜品种授粉后不同时期种子种皮与色素层厚度"

部位
Location		 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d 35 d 40 d
黄矮早种皮
Seed coat of HAZ		 68.8±3.3 87.1±6.7 101.0±7.2 104.9±4.5 117.9±4.3 123.8±5.2 109.3±5.3
中双11种皮
Seed coat of ZS11		 67.2±5.0** 86.9±4.0** 96.5±6.0** 109.2±5.5** 148.4±4.1** 152.0±8.0** 117.3±2.9*
黄矮早色素层
Pigment layer of HAZ		 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
中双11色素层
Pigment layer of ZS11		 0 0 0 0 34.2** 33.9** 36.0**

图3

4种甘蓝型油菜种子和种皮中的原花色素含量 A: 4种甘蓝型油菜种子中原花色素A1; B: 4种甘蓝型油菜种子中原花色素B2; C: 4种甘蓝型油菜种皮中原花色素A1; D: 4种甘蓝型油菜种皮中原花色素B2。**表示极显著差异(P < 0.01)。ZS11: 中双11; HAZ: 黄矮早; HH1: 华黄1号。"

图4

4种甘蓝型油菜种子和种皮中的水杨酸含量 A: 4种甘蓝型油菜种子中水杨酸含量; B: 4种甘蓝型油菜种皮中水杨酸含量。**表示极显著差异(P < 0.01)。ZS11: 中双11; HAZ: 黄矮早; HH1: 华黄1号。"

表2

油菜种子和种皮SA与原花色素A1和B2皮尔逊分析"

器官或组织
Organs or tissues		 物质
Substance		 水杨酸
Salicylic acid		 原花色素A1
Procyanidin A1
种子Seed 原花色素A1 Procyanidin A1 0.464** 1.000
原花色素B2 Procyanidin B2 0.741** 0.837**
种皮Seed coat 原花色素A1 Procyanidin A1 0.317** 1.000
原花色素B2 Procyanidin B2 0.538** 0.927**

图5

甘蓝型油菜黄籽材料HAZ不同浓度SA处理后的籽粒颜色及变褐种子百分数 A: 不同浓度SA处理后的HAZ籽粒颜色; B: 不同浓度SA处理后变褐/黑HAZ籽粒百分数; 标尺为1 cm; **, 极显著差异。"

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