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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2358-2370.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54043

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于茶树液相功能芯片的白化茶树资源遗传多样性分析

梅飘1**(), 刘丁丁1**(), 叶圆圆1, 张晨禹1, 丁诗琦1, 李亚奇2, 王培鑫1, 梅菊芬2,*(), 马春雷1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 / 茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310008
    2无锡市茶叶品种研究所有限公司 / 江苏省茶树种质资源圃, 江苏无锡 214000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 接受日期:2025-06-01 出版日期:2025-09-12 网络出版日期:2025-06-11
  • 通讯作者: *马春雷, E-mail: malei220@tricaas.com; 梅菊芬, E-mail: meijufen@sina.com
  • 作者简介:梅飘, E-mail: 2635718002@qq.com;刘丁丁, E-mail: liudingding@tricaas.com
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ24C160003);江苏省无锡市太湖之光科技攻关项目(N20231002);浙江省农业(茶树)品种选育重大科技专项子课题项目(2021C02067-6);中国农业科学院茶叶研究所基本科研业务费项目(1610212022009)

Genetic diversity analysis of domestic albino tea germplasm resources based on the tea plant liquid phase functional chip

MEI Piao1**(), LIU Ding-Ding1**(), YE Yuan-Yuan1, ZHANG Chen-Yu1, DING Shi-Qi1, LI Ya-Qi2, WANG Pei-Xin1, MEI Ju-Fen2,*(), MA Chun-Lei1,*()   

  1. 1Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
    2Wuxi Tea Breeding Research Co., Ltd. / Tea Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published:2025-09-12 Published online:2025-06-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: malei220@tricaas.com; E-mail: meijufen@sina.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ24C160003);Taihu Light Science and Technology Research Program of Wuxi(N20231002);Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding-Tea Plant(2021C02067-6);Fundamental Research Fund for Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610212022009)

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摘要：

本研究基于自主开发的茶树高密度液相功能芯片对我国主要白化茶树资源进行了基因型检测, 根据遗传相似度结果保留了61份核心样本用于遗传多样性分析。通过进化树和群体遗传结构分析发现, 这些白化茶树资源主要可分为3个类群, 不同类群的分布与样本地理来源和育种背景密切相关。进一步的PCA分析结果表明, 我国的白化茶树资源主要来自浙江省, 其遗传多样性水平同我国保存的丰富种质资源相比, 整体上并不高, 表明白化茶树在育种改良方面还具有较大潜力。随后研究组对30份典型白化茶树资源品质成分进行鉴定发现, 30份白化茶树资源的咖啡碱含量介于2.26%~4.17%, 平均值为3.51%; 氨基酸总含量分布在1.85%~7.54%之间, 平均为4.33%; 儿茶素总量分布范围为8.63%~16.68%, 平均值为13.28%。相比于普通绿色品种, 大部分白化茶树资源具有高氨基酸、低生物碱、低儿茶素的特征, 是制作高品质绿茶的良好原料。综上, 本研究初步阐明了我国主要白化茶树种质资源的遗传结构和遗传多样性水平, 并验证了茶树液相功能芯片在资源和品种鉴定中的可行性, 为白化茶树资源的创新利用和遗传改良提供了理论依据。

关键词: 白化茶树, 液相芯片, 基因分型, 遗传多样性, 生化成分

Abstract:

In this study, a self-developed high-density liquid-phase functional chip for tea plants was employed to genotype the major albino tea germplasms in China. Based on genetic similarity analyses, 61 core accessions were selected for genetic diversity assessment. Phylogenetic tree construction and population structure analysis revealed that these albino tea resources could be classified into three main groups, with their distribution closely associated with geographical origins and breeding histories. Principal Component Analysis further indicated that most albino tea accessions in China originate from Zhejiang province. Compared with the rich genetic resources of conventional tea germplasms in China, albino tea plants exhibit relatively limited genetic diversity, underscoring the need and potential for genetic improvement through breeding. Additionally, the quality components of 30 representative albino tea accessions were analyzed. Caffeine content ranged from 2.26% to 4.17%, with an average of 3.51%; total amino acid content varied from 1.85% to 7.54%, with a mean of 4.33%; and total catechin content ranged from 8.63% to 16.68%, averaging 13.28%. Compared to conventional green tea cultivars, most albino tea accessions exhibited higher amino acid levels and lower alkaloid and catechin contents, making them promising raw materials for the production of high-quality green tea. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic structure and diversity of major albino tea germplasms in China and demonstrates the effectiveness of the liquid-phase functional chip in tea germplasm and cultivar identification. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the innovative utilization and genetic improvement of albino tea resources.

Key words: albino tea cultivars, liquid chip, genotyping, genetic diversity, biochemical components

表1

71份白化茶树样品的编号、名称和来源"

编号ID 资源名称Resources 来源Origin 编号ID 资源名称Resources 来源Origin
BJG 白鸡冠 Baijiguan 福建 Fujian HYB 黄叶宝 Huangyebao 浙江 Zhejiang
HJJu 黄金菊 Huangjinju 江西 Jiangxi CP260 CP260 浙江 Zhejiang
JF1H 金凤1号 Jinfeng 1 四川 Sichuan TTBC 天台白茶 Tiantaibaicha 浙江 Zhejiang
JF2H 金凤2号 Jinfeng 2 四川 Sichuan YXBC 越乡白茶 Yuexiangbaicha 浙江 Zhejiang
Y1 YNBH01 云南 Yunnan ZC211 中茶211 Zhongcha 211 浙江 Zhejiang
Y2 YNBH02 云南 Yunnan ZH1H 中黄1号 Zhonghuang 1 浙江 Zhejiang
Y3 YNBH03 云南 Yunnan ZH2H 中黄2号 Zhonghuang 2 浙江 Zhejiang
Y4 YNBH04 云南 Yunnan ZH3H 中黄3号 Zhonghuang 3 浙江 Zhejiang
Y5 YNBH05 云南 Yunnan ZH4H 中黄4号 Zhonghuang 4 浙江 Zhejiang
BHD 白蝴蝶 Baihudie 浙江 Zhejiang BY1H 白叶1号 Baiye 1 浙江 Zhejiang
DLHC 大龙黄茶 Dalong Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang TSH 泰上黄 Taishanghuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HB1H 杭白1号 Hangbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang ZCB 早春白 Zaochunbai 浙江 Zhejiang
HB2H 杭白2号 Hangbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang LJHC 龙井黄茶 Longjin Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
HJXY 黄金雪芽 Huangjinxueya 浙江 Zhejiang QNX 千年雪 Qiannianxue 浙江 Zhejiang
HYJ3H 黄金芽3号 Huangjinya 3 浙江 Zhejiang BJY 白金芽 Baijinya 浙江 Zhejiang
YSBC 迎霜白茶Yingshuang Baicha 浙江 Zhejiang XXY 小雪芽 Xiaoxueya 浙江Zhejiang
JYMT 金玉满堂Jinyu Mantang 浙江 Zhejiang JXB 金香白 Jinxiangbai 浙江 Zhejiang
RXYH 瑞雪1号 Ruixue 1 浙江 Zhejiang YYB 圆叶白 Yuanyebai 浙江 Zhejiang
HJH 黄金毫 Huangjinhao 浙江 Zhejiang JB 极白 Jibai 浙江 Zhejiang
ZJH 醉金红 Zuijinhong 浙江 Zhejiang YJX 郁金香 Yujinxiang 浙江 Zhejiang
JB1H 景白1号 Jingbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang AJHC 安吉黄茶 Anji Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
JB2H 景白2号 Jingbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang SZYH 嵊州越黄 Shengzhou Yuehuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HJJ 黄金甲 Huangjinjia 浙江 Zhejiang HJYe 黄金叶 Huangjinye 浙江 Zhejiang
SB1H 嵊白1号 Shengbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang ZB1H 中白1号 Zhongbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang
LB1H 丽白1号 Libai 1 浙江 Zhejiang LDHC 莲都黄茶 Liandu Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
LH3H 丽黄3号 Lihuang 3 浙江 Zhejiang LH1H 丽黄1号 Lihuang 1 浙江 Zhejiang
YHY 玉皇芽 Yuhuangya 浙江 Zhejiang WNZH 乌牛早黄 Wuniu Zaohuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HJY 黄金芽 Huangjinya 浙江 Zhejiang WNB 乌牛白 Wuniubai 浙江 Zhejiang
HPX 黄袍香 Huangpaoxiang 浙江 Zhejiang JB3H 景白3号 Jingbai 3 浙江 Zhejiang
HT 黄汤 Huangtang 浙江 Zhejiang WNH 乌牛黄 Wuniuhuang 浙江 Zhejiang
NYBC 奶油白茶 Naiyou Baicha 浙江 Zhejiang ZNH 早奶黄 Zaonaihuang 浙江 Zhejiang
SJNB 水晶奶白 Shuijing Naibai 浙江 Zhejiang ZNB 早奶白 Zaonaibai 浙江 Zhejiang
SB2H 嵊白2号 Shengbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang TZJH 特早极黄 Tezao Jihuang 浙江 Zhejiang
SJB 水晶白 Shuijingbai 浙江 Zhejiang LOH1H 龙虎1号 Longhu 1 浙江 Zhejiang
XYNB 小叶奶白 Xiaoye Naibai 浙江 Zhejiang BPP2H 北坪棚2号 Beipingpeng 2 未知 Unknown
TTB2H 梯田白2号 Titianbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang

图1

部分白化茶树资源的新梢 缩写同表1。"

图2

40K茶树液相功能芯片位点评估结果 A: SNP密度图; B: 位点测序深度; C: 位点MAF分布统计情况; D: SNP位置注释结果。"

图3

GO和KEGG通路富集结果 A: GO富集分析结果; B: KEGG富集结果。MF: 分子功能; BP: 生物学过程; CC: 细胞组分。"

图4

白化茶树资源间遗传相似度分析 缩写同表1。"

图5

白化茶树资源的遗传多样性分析 缩写同表1。A: PIC值统计结果; B: 61份白化茶树种质资源的系统发育树; C: 61份白化茶树种质资源的群体遗传结构。"

图6

我国主要白化茶树资源与3272份主要产茶省份收集的茶树种质资源的主成分分析图 红色部分代表白化茶树种质资源, 灰色部分代表3272份国家茶树种质资源圃保存的茶树种质资源。"

图7

部分白化茶树资源的品质成分分析 图A: 主要生化成分总含量; 图B: 主要氨基酸组分含量; 图C: 主要儿茶素组分含量; 图D: 主要生物碱含量。C: 儿茶素; EC: 表儿茶素; ECG: 表儿茶素没食子酸酯; EGC: 表没食子儿茶素; EGCG: 表儿茶素没食子酸酯; GC: 没食子儿茶素; CAF: 咖啡碱; TB: 可可碱。"

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