作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 425-439.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32016
徐冉1,2,**(), 杨文叶3,**, 朱均林1, 陈松1, 徐春梅1, 刘元辉1, 章秀福1, 王丹英1, 褚光1,*()
XU Ran1,2,**(), YANG Wen-Ye3,**, ZHU Jun-Lin1, CHEN Song1, XU Chun-Mei1, LIU Yuan-Hui1, ZHANG Xiu-Fu1, WANG Dan-Ying1, CHU Guang1,*()
摘要:
旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响, 并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料, 设置了3种灌溉模式, 即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding, CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明, 与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率, 增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%; AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量, 增幅为8.6%~10.0%, 而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量, 降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率, 但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积, 以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率, 优化根-冠生长发育特征, 提高灌浆期植株生理活性, 实现高产与水分高效利用, 为本研究最佳水分管理模式。
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