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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 425-439.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32016

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响

徐冉1,2,**(), 杨文叶3,**, 朱均林1, 陈松1, 徐春梅1, 刘元辉1, 章秀福1, 王丹英1, 褚光1,*()   

  1. 1中国水稻研究所 / 水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 311400
    2襄阳市农业科学院, 湖北襄阳 441057
    3杭州市农业技术推广中心, 浙江杭州 310000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-26 接受日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-02-12 网络出版日期:2023-10-07
  • 通讯作者: *褚光, E-mail: chuguang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:徐冉, E-mail: 1037152516@qq.com
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02034);国家自然科学基金项目(32101825);浙江省“万人计划”科技创新领军人才项目(2020R52035);国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01)

Effects of different irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency in japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540

XU Ran1,2,**(), YANG Wen-Ye3,**, ZHU Jun-Lin1, CHEN Song1, XU Chun-Mei1, LIU Yuan-Hui1, ZHANG Xiu-Fu1, WANG Dan-Ying1, CHU Guang1,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
    2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
    3Hangzhou Agrotechnology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2023-04-26 Accepted:2023-09-13 Published:2024-02-12 Published online:2023-10-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: chuguang@caas.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02034);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101825);Zhejiang Ten Thousand Talents Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(2020R52035);National Rice Industry Technology System(CARS-01)

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摘要：

旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响, 并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料, 设置了3种灌溉模式, 即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding, CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明, 与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率, 增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%; AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量, 增幅为8.6%~10.0%, 而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量, 降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率, 但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积, 以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率, 优化根-冠生长发育特征, 提高灌浆期植株生理活性, 实现高产与水分高效利用, 为本研究最佳水分管理模式。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 产量, 水分利用率, 根系形态与生理特征

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to understand how different irrigation regimes affected on grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases. In the present study, Yongyou 1540 was used and three irrigation regimes were set up during the whole growth period, including continuous flooding (CF), alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD), and alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD). The results showed that compared with CF, both AWMD and AWSD significantly improved WUE, with the increase of 22.6%-25.6% and 18.2%-23.1%, respectively. AWMD significantly increased yield by 8.6%-10.0%, while AWSD significantly decreased yield by 6.0%-7.5%. Compared with CF, AWMD significantly reduced the number of tillers, shoot dry weight and leaf area index (LAI) at the jointing stage, and reduced leaf area duration (LAD) from transplanting to heading, and the crop growth rate (CGR) from transplanting to jointing. However, AWMD significantly increased the percentage of productive tillers, CGR from jointing to heading, root length density, deep root ratio, root to shoot ratio, specific root length, root total absorbing area, and activity absorbing area during the whole growth period, and increased the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, root oxidation activity, and Z+ZR content in both roots and leaves, key enzymes involved in sucrose-starch metabolism in grains at two soil re-watering stages at grain filling stage. In conclusion, these results indicated that AWMD could increase both grain yield and WUE, promote root and shoot growth, and improve plant physiological activity at grain filling stage, and achieve high yield and high WUE, which was the best irrigation regime in this study.

Key words: japonica-indica hybrid rice, alternate wetting and soil drying, grain yield, water use efficiency, root morphological and physiological traits

表1

试验地耕层土壤理化性状"

年度
Year		 pH 全氮含量
Total N content
(g kg-1)		 有机质含量
Organic matter content (g kg-1)		 速效养分含量Available nutrients content (mg kg-1)
氮N 磷P 钾K
2021 6.02 2.55 57.2 211 21.3 65.7
2022 6.14 2.52 56.7 204 20.8 63.6

表2

水稻生长期降雨量、日照时长以及平均气温的变化"

年份/气象条件
Year/Meteorological condition		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 10月
October
2021
降雨量Precipitation (mm) 221 317 315 125 68.6
日照时长Sunshine (h) 141 246 254 237 196
平均气温Temperature (°C) 26.6 29.3 28.6 26.8 20.0
2022
降雨量Precipitation (mm) 73.8 102 70.8 67.4 41.1
日照时长Sunshine (h) 145 264 266 160 158
平均气温Temperature (°C) 27.4 31.2 31.9 24.6 18.7

表3

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量及其构成因素的影响"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 总颖花量
Total spikelets
(×106 hm-2)		 结实率
Filled grains
(%)		 粒重
Grain weight
(mg)
2021
CF 11.9 b 215 a 312 b 6.58 b 78.1 b 22.8 a
AWMD 13.1 a 214 a 325 a 6.96 a 83.2 a 22.7 a
AWSD 11.0 c 204 b 300 c 6.12 c 78.4 b 22.9 a
2022
CF 11.6 b 210 a 301 b 6.32 b 80.2 b 22.9 a
AWMD 12.6 a 208 ab 317 a 6.59 a 84.1 a 22.8 a
AWSD 10.9 c 204 b 287 c 5.85 c 81.4 b 22.9 a
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** NS
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS NS NS

图1

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540灌溉用水量(A, B)与灌溉水利用效率(C, D)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

表4

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540茎蘖数与茎蘖成穗率的影响"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 茎蘖数 Number of tillers and mail stems per m2 茎蘖成穗率
Productive tillers (%)
拔节期Jointing 齐穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
2021
CF 271 a 222 a 215 a 79.3 c
AWMD 256 a 225 a 214 a 83.6 b
AWSD 237 b 210 b 204 b 86.1 a
2022
CF 267 a 220 a 210 a 78.7 c
AWMD 251 b 219 a 208 a 82.9 b
AWSD 236 c 207 b 204 b 86.4 a
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS

表5

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540叶面积指数的影响"

年度/处理
Year/treatment		 拔节期
Jointing		 齐穗期 Heading 成熟期
Maturity
总叶面积指数
Total leaf area index		 有效叶面积指数
Productive tillers plus main stems
2021
CF 4.25 a 8.47 a 6.52 a 2.15 b
AWMD 3.78 b 7.85 b 6.45 a 2.75 a
AWSD 3.26 c 6.15 c 5.22 b 1.59 c
2022
CF 4.62 a 8.55 a 6.71 a 2.32 b
AWMD 4.05 b 7.55 b 6.57 a 2.85 a
AWSD 3.24 c 6.24 c 5.19 b 1.45 c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS

图2

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540地上部干物重(A, B)、根干重(C, D)以及根冠比(E, F)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; JT: 拔节期; HD: 齐穗期; MA: 成熟期; NS: 在0.05概率水平差异不显著。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图3

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540光合势(A, B)与作物生长速率(C, D)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; TR-JT: 移栽-拔节; JT-HD: 拔节-齐穗; HD-MA: 齐穗-成熟。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图4

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540深根比(A, B)、根长密度(C, D)以及比根长(E, F)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; JT: 拔节期; HD: 齐穗期; MA: 成熟期。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图5

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540根系总吸收表面积(A, B)和根系活跃吸收表面积(C, D)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; JT: 拔节期; HD: 齐穗期; MG: 灌浆中期。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图6

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540根系氧化力(A, B)与剑叶净光合速率(C, D)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; D1和D2分别对应灌浆期2次土壤落干期; W1和W2分别对应灌浆期2次土壤复水期。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

图7

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540根系中Z+ZR含量(A, B)与叶片中Z+ZR含量(C, D)的影响 CF: 长淹灌溉; AWMD: 轻度干湿交替灌溉; AWSD: 重度干湿交替灌溉; D1和D2分别对应灌浆期2次土壤落干期; W1和W2分别对应灌浆期2次土壤复水期。不同字母表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。"

表6

不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性的影响"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 蔗糖合酶
SuSase (µmol g-1 DW min-1)		 腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶
AGPase (µmol g-1 DW min-1)
D1 W1 D2 W2 D1 W1 D2 W2
2021 CF 42.3 a 42.0 b 26.9 a 27.0 b 29.1 a 28.4 b 16.6 a 17.3 b
AWMD 42.7 a 48.0 a 27.2 a 32.8 a 28.3 a 35.2 a 16.3 a 23.1 a
AWSD 35.8 b 41.2 b 22.3 b 27.8 b 22.4 b 28.0 b 13.2 b 16.9 b
2022 CF 41.8 a 41.2 b 28.7 a 27.8 b 27.6 a 26.6 b 17.1 a 16.4 b
AWMD 41.7 a 50.3 a 29.1 a 31.5 a 28.1 a 33.7 a 17.4 a 21.9 a
AWSD 34.8 b 40.5 b 22.0 b 26.3 b 21.5 b 26.2 b 12.3 b 16.9 b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y × T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

表7

水稻根-冠部分生理指标的相关性"

指标
Trait		 叶片中Z+ZR含量
Z+ZR content in leaves		 剑叶净光合速率
Flag leaf photosynthetic rate		 蔗糖合酶
SuSase		 腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶
AGPase
2021
根系氧化力 ROA 0.72** 0.75** 0.81** 0.80**
根系中Z+ZR含量 Z+ZR in roots 0.80** 0.83** 0.84** 0.87**
2022
根系氧化力 ROA 0.78** 0.74** 0.79** 0.81**
根系中Z+ZR含量 Z+ZR in roots 0.81** 0.76** 0.75** 0.76**
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