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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 3035-3045.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44067

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

155份蚕豆种质资源全生育期耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价

范惠玲1,2(), 白生文2, 路妍2, 彭小星1, 周仙莉1, 张红岩1, 滕长才1, 武学霞1,*(), 刘玉皎1,*()   

  1. 1青海大学, 青海西宁 810016
    2河西学院, 甘肃张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-20 接受日期:2024-08-15 出版日期:2024-12-12 网络出版日期:2024-08-29
  • 通讯作者: *武学霞, E-mail: xuexun111@163.com; 刘玉皎, E-mail: 13997058356@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: qianjing05@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(食用豆)(CARS-08);国家自然科学基金项目(42267008)

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance throughout the growth period of 155 faba bean germplasms

FAN Hui-Ling1,2(), BAI Sheng-Wen2, LU Yan2, PENG Xiao-Xing1, ZHOU Xian-Li1, ZHANG Hong-Yan1, TENG Chang-Cai1, WU Xue-Xia1,*(), LIU Yu-Jiao1,*()   

  1. 1Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-04-20 Accepted:2024-08-15 Published:2024-12-12 Published online:2024-08-29
  • Contact: *E-mail: xuexun111@163.com; E-mail: 13997058356@163.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Edible bean)(CARS-08);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267008)

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摘要：

土壤盐渍化是影响蚕豆生长的重要非生物胁迫之一。蚕豆耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和耐盐碱品种选育奠定基础, 对利用盐碱地具有重要意义。本研究对155份国内外蚕豆种质全生育期利用基质+混合盐碱(9 g L-1 NaCl+Na2CO3+Na2SO4, pH 10.5)进行胁迫处理。测定了成苗率、盐害指数、株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量7个指标, 采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析, 对各种质的耐盐碱性进行了综合评价和归类, 并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐盐碱性预测回归方程。结果表明,(1) 筛选出耐盐碱(20≤盐害指数<40)蚕豆种质3份, 占1.94%; 中耐盐碱(40≤盐害指数<60)种质8份, 占5.16%; 未发现高耐盐碱(盐害指数<20)蚕豆种质。(2) 盐害指数与株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01)。(3) 鲜重、株高、盐害指数、叶绿素含量和成苗率5个指标可以作为蚕豆全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价指标。(4) 155份蚕豆种质可分为2大类群, 其中耐盐碱种质类群具有较高的成苗率、生物量、含氮量和叶绿素含量。研究结果可为蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究、耐盐碱基因挖掘和耐盐碱品种的选育提供可靠的材料。

关键词: 蚕豆, 全生育期, 盐碱胁迫, 耐盐碱种质鉴定, 综合评价

Abstract:

Soil salinization has become one of the critical abiotic stresses affecting the growth of faba bean. Identifying salt-alkali tolerant germplasm in faba bean lays the foundation for exploring salt-alkali tolerant genes and selecting and breeding salt-alkali tolerant varieties, which is of great significance for the utilization of salinized land. In this study, 155 faba bean germplasm resources from domestic and international collections were subjected to stress treatment with a matrix + mixed salt-alkali (9 g L-1, NaCl+Na2CO3+Na2SO4, pH 10.5) throughout their entire growth period. Seven indicators were measured, including the seedling rate, salt damage index (SDI), plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen content. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and systematic cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate and classify the salt-alkali tolerance of various germplasms. A predictive regression equation for salt-alkali tolerance was established using stepwise regression analysis. The results showed as follows: (1) Three faba bean germplasms with salt-alkali tolerance (20 ≤ salt damage index < 40) were identified, constituting 1.94% of the total, while eight germplasms displayed moderate salt-alkali tolerance (40 ≤ salt damage index < 60), comprising 5.16% of the tested germplasms. No highly salt-alkali tolerant (salt damage index < 20) faba bean germplasms were detected. (2) The salt damage index was negatively correlated with plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and nitrogen content (P < 0.01). (3) Five indicators—fresh weight, plant height, salt damage index, chlorophyll content, and seedling rate—can be used as evaluation criteria for assessing salt-alkali tolerance throughout the entire growth period of faba beans. (4) The 155 faba bean germplasms were divided into two major groups, with the salt-alkali tolerant germplasm group exhibiting higher seedling rates, biomass, nitrogen content, and chlorophyll content. These research findings provide reliable materials for studying the mechanisms of salt-alkali tolerance in faba beans, exploring salt-alkali tolerant genes, and selecting and breeding salt-alkali tolerant varieties.

Key words: faba bean (Vicia faba L.), whole growth period, salt-alkali stress, salt-alkali tolerant germplasm identification, comprehensive evaluation

表1

盐碱胁迫下不同受害等级蚕豆植株生长状况"

抗性等级
Tolerance level		 植株受害症状
Plant symptoms under salt-alkali stress
1 叶片平展, 绿色有光泽, 植株健壮; 生长正常, 未出现盐害症状。
Plants grow well with glossy, green and flat leaves; growth is normal, no signs of salt damage are observed.
3 仅1~2片功能叶叶尖或叶缘变黑卷曲, 其余叶片绿色平展; 生长基本正常, 盐害症状不明显, 轻度盐害。
Only the tip or the edge of 1-2 functional leaves turn black and curled at, while the rest of leaves remain green and flat. The growth is basically normal, the symptoms of salt damage are not obvious, indicating mild salt damage.
5 约1/3功能叶片变黑、卷曲或萎蔫; 生长受到影响, 中度盐害。
Approximately one-third of the functional leaves turn black, curl or wilt. The growth is affected, indicating a moderate salt damage.
7 约1/2功能叶片萎蔫或叶片大面积卷曲; 生长受到严重影响, 重度盐害。
Approximately half of the functional leaves wilt or exhibit extensive curling. Growth is severely affected, indicating severe salt damage.
9 仅顶端新生1~2片叶绿色、平展, 其余叶片均变黑、卷曲或萎蔫; 接近死亡或整株死亡, 极重度盐害。
Only the top 1 to 2 new leaves are green and flat, while the rest of leaves turn black, curled, or wilted; the plant is near death or has completely died, indicating extremely severe salt damage.

表2

盐碱胁迫下参试材料7个指标的变异情况"

指标
Index		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 极差/最小值Range/Min. 平均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard deviation		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 变异系数
CV (%)
成苗率SR (%) 40.00 100.00 1.50 90.03 15.20 -1.64 2.29 16.88
盐害指数SDI 30.00 100.00 2.33 71.63 18.68 -0.38 -0.73 26.08
株高PH (cm) 4.68 42.88 8.16 25.04 7.62 0.20 -0.28 30.43
鲜重FW (g) 0.74 20.88 27.22 7.91 3.43 0.74 0.91 43.36
干重DW (g) 0.22 2.04 8.27 0.99 0.36 0.54 -0.16 36.36
叶绿素含量CC 30.07 63.47 1.11 48.81 7.27 0.01 -0.57 14.89
氮含量NC (mg g-1) 9.57 19.62 1.05 15.19 2.18 0.01 -0.56 14.35

表3

盐碱胁迫下各指标间的相关系数矩阵"

指标 Index 盐害指数SDI 株高 PH 鲜重 FW 干重 DW 叶绿素 CC
株高 PH -0.357**
鲜重 FW -0.561** 0.711**
干重 DW -0.440** 0.606** 0.861**
叶绿素含量 CC -0.275** 0.055 0.174* 0.028
氮含量 NC -0.275** 0.055 0.174* 0.028 1.000**

表4

前3个主成分的特征值、特征向量和各指标的总载荷数"

指标
Index		 主成分 Principal components 总载荷数
Total load
1 2 3
成苗率SR -0.021 0.081 0.981 0.156
盐害指数SDI -0.634 -0.324 0.082 -0.346
株高PH 0.824 -0.041 0.201 0.365
鲜重FW 0.948 0.109 0.011 0.432
干重DW 0.897 -0.043 -0.192 0.338
叶绿素含量CC 0.070 0.988 0.057 0.314
氮含量 NC 0.069 0.988 0.056 0.313
特征值Eigenvalue 2.953 1.957 1.018
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 42.179 27.953 14.537
累计贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%) 42.179 70.133 84.669

表5

蚕豆种质的耐盐碱综合评价D值及耐盐碱性排序"

编号
Code		 D值
D value		 排名Rank 编号
Code		 D值
D value		 排名
Rank		 编号
Code		 D值
D value		 排名
Rank
青蚕15号Qingcan 15 0.904 1 211 0.580 53 430 0.485 105
1099 0.804 2 313 0.578 54 52 0.481 106
青蚕25号Qingcan 25 0.784 3 680 0.576 55 324 0.477 107
青蚕14号Qingcan 14 0.781 4 370 0.574 56 385 0.475 108
青蚕27号Qingcan 27 0.764 5 38 0.574 57 293 0.475 109
1064 0.761 6 65 0.572 58 411 0.474 110
935 0.759 7 443 0.571 59 377 0.474 111
488 0.735 8 303 0.568 60 729 0.472 112
276 0.721 9 372 0.561 61 848 0.469 113
787 0.719 10 664 0.561 62 67 0.468 114
398 0.717 11 949 0.561 63 20 0.466 115
530 0.716 12 365 0.560 64 471 0.465 116
青蚕16号Qingcan 16 0.712 13 826 0.556 65 825 0.465 117
833 0.703 14 235 0.556 66 17 0.464 118
青海13号Qinghai 13 0.701 15 456 0.555 67 852 0.464 119
72 0.700 16 360 0.552 68 746 0.456 120
1127 0.691 17 936 0.551 69 395 0.452 121
24 0.688 18 88 0.549 70 459 0.450 122
955 0.681 19 283 0.549 71 465 0.449 123
37 0.677 20 492 0.546 72 412 0.447 124
68 0.675 21 73 0.545 73 339 0.446 125
882 0.671 22 35 0.543 74 754 0.444 126
717 0.665 23 692 0.543 75 382 0.439 127
29 0.659 24 794 0.542 76 494 0.438 128
349 0.654 25 108 0.540 77 489 0.430 129
538 0.648 26 487 0.540 78 737 0.425 130
483 0.641 27 216 0.540 79 850 0.422 131
987 0.641 28 27 0.538 80 241 0.422 132
782 0.639 29 866 0.535 81 626 0.415 133
76 0.638 30 1054 0.531 82 614 0.414 134
89 0.638 31 881 0.530 83 355 0.409 135
186 0.635 32 128 0.528 84 927 0.408 136
531 0.633 33 294 0.522 85 278 0.406 137
387 0.632 34 21 0.521 86 98 0.405 138
847 0.631 35 683 0.516 87 青蚕19号Qingcan 19 0.405 139
790 0.626 36 188 0.515 88 351 0.395 140
854 0.614 37 34 0.512 89 66 0.388 141
40 0.614 38 757 0.509 90 557 0.385 142
60 0.611 39 273 0.508 91 900 0.384 143
300 0.610 40 19 0.505 92 330 0.384 144
363 0.607 41 455 0.504 93 404 0.381 145
359 0.606 42 291 0.504 94 272 0.351 146
379 0.606 43 71 0.504 95 316 0.349 147
81 0.603 44 348 0.503 96 895 0.331 148
266 0.600 45 322 0.502 97 568 0.322 149
82 0.600 46 532 0.502 98 457 0.310 150
486 0.598 47 75 0.501 99 328 0.292 151
314 0.597 48 421 0.501 100 326 0.284 152
720 0.594 49 270 0.497 101 1000 0.280 153
434 0.589 50 791 0.496 102 445 0.265 154
383 0.589 51 407 0.491 103 776 0.264 155
321 0.582 52 472 0.490 104

图1

6份耐盐碱性不同种质的生长情况 A代表3份耐盐碱种质; 标尺是6 cm; B代表3份不耐盐碱种质, 标尺为5 cm。"

表6

极端种质的耐盐碱性相关指标"

编号
Code		 名称
Name		 成苗率
SR (%)		 盐害指数
SDI		 株高
PH (cm)		 鲜重
FW (g)		 干重
DW (g)		 叶绿素含量
CC		 氮含量
NC (mg g-1)
1099 高台大豆 Gaotai faba bean 100.00 32.00 29.25 15.93 1.63 58.27 18.03
530 洋胡豆 Yang faba bean 60.00 33.00 33.33 16.18 1.78 56.10 17.40
— 青海13号 Qinghai 13 80.00 30.00 37.75 11.25 1.24 54.37 16.87
1000 响水豆 Xiangshui faba bean 40.00 90.00 19.25 2.88 0.94 42.50 13.30
316 马牙蚕豆 Horsetooth faba bean 100.00 92.00 14.42 4.32 0.71 36.33 11.43
328 马牙蚕豆Horsetooth faba bean 80.00 95.00 14.05 1.57 0.51 39.47 12.40
895 蚕豆Faba bean 80.00 95.00 19.50 5.22 0.70 37.05 11.65
776 蚕豆 Faba bean 80.00 100.00 4.68 0.74 0.22 43.40 13.60
445 大青蚕豆 Daqing faba bean 40.00 100.00 19.00 2.71 0.99 42.15 13.20
457 蚕豆 Faba bean 60.00 100.00 14.00 3.32 0.79 44.60 13.95
568 蚕豆 Faba bean 60.00 100.00 12.50 2.90 0.55 48.48 15.10
272 284 60.00 100.00 12.50 1.71 0.58 53.00 16.45

图2

155份蚕豆种质基于D值的聚类图"

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