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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 401-410.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83028

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of organic fertilizer and rotational tillage practices on soil carbon and nitrogen and maize yield in wheat-maize cropping system

Kai SUN1,Zhen LIU1,Heng-Yu HU1,Geng LI1,Wen-Tao LIU1,Liu YANG1,Tang-Yuan NING1,*(),Yan-Ling WANG2   

  1. 1 State Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2 Tengzhou Agricultural Bureau, Tengzhou 277519, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-06-26 Accepted:2018-12-24 Online:2019-03-12 Published:2019-01-06
  • Contact: Tang-Yuan NING E-mail:ningty@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201503121) and the Major Agricultural Applied Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province in 2017.

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Abstract:

Quantitatively analyzing the effects of different tillage rotations and organic fertilization practices on soil carbon, nitrogen and their enzyme activities is of great importance to improve soil fertility and promote maize yield. This study was intended to explore changes of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, urease and sucrase activities under different tillage rotations and organic manure patterns in wheat-maize cropping system of North China Plain. Six treatments were compared, which were straw returning with rotary tillage-subsoiling (PRS), straw returning with subsoiling-no tillage (PSN), straw returning with conventional tillage-no tillage (PCN), cow manure with rotary tillage-subsoiling (FRS), cow manure with subsoiling-no tillage (FSN), and cow manure with conventional tillage-no tillage (FCN). The tillage mode, organic manure and their interactions had significant effects on soil fertility. The RS and SN patterns had higher contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and higher enzyme activities of urease and sucrase in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers compared with the CN pattern. In rotation tillage mode of RS, straw returning significantly increased the soil organic carbon contents in 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm soil layers, and increased the total nitrogen content and sucrase activity in 10-20 cm soil layer. In rotation tillage mode of SN, the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and sucrase activity in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, and urease enzyme activity in each soil layer, were significantly increased by applying cow manure compared with straw returning. Compared with PCN, PRS and FSN could significantly increase the soil fertility. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, urease and sucrase activities in FSN treatment were the highest in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in all treatments. The tillage mode, organic manure and their interactions had significant effects on maize yield. Compare with CN pattern, maize yield of the RS and SN patterns were averagely increased by 1.89%-10.49% and 5.44%-11.99%, respectively. In rotation tillage mode of RS, the yield under straw returning was significantly increased by 2.91%-3.11% compared with that under using cow manure; while in rotation tillage mode of SN, the yield under straw returning was 5.02%-9.07% lower than that under applying cow manure. The average yields of two years were in the order of FSN>PRS>FRS>PSN>FCN>PCN. This study demonstrates that cow manure with subsoiling-no tillage can increase the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and urease and sucrase activities, and increase the crop yield as a result. Thus, cow manure with subsoiling-no tillage management practice is a better mode for increasing soil fertility and crop productivity, which should be expected to be adopted in the North China Plain.

Key words: rotation tillage, organic fertilizer, soil carbon and nitrogen, enzyme activity, yield

Table 1

Effects of organic manure and rotational tillage practices on soil organic carbon (mg g-1) "

处理
Treatment		 2016 2017
0-10 cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm 0-10 cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm
PRS 11.91 a 10.19 a 7.02 a 5.05 bc 12.60 b 12.36 a 8.47 a 5.18 b
PSN 11.23 b 9.66 c 6.75 b 5.18 ab 12.50 b 12.24 b 6.31 d 6.17 a
PCN 11.17 c 9.65 c 5.83 d 4.26 d 12.13 c 10.27 e 6.59 c 4.67 c
FRS 11.03 b 9.94 b 6.20 c 4.39 d 12.55 b 12.00 c 6.54 c 4.89 c
FSN 11.98 a 10.27 a 7.27 a 5.31 a 12.69 a 12.47 a 7.91 b 6.41 a
FCN 10.99 c 9.79 bc 5.86 d 4.90 c 12.20 c 10.93 d 6.64 c 4.23 d
方差分析 Analysis of variance
T ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
C ** ** ns ns ** * * **
T×C ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Table 2

Effects of organic manure and rotational tillage practices on total nitrogen (mg g-1) "

处理
Treatment		 2016 2017
0-10 cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm 0-10 cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm
PRS 1.04 b 0.91 b 0.51 d 0.40 d 1.08 b 1.05 a 0.72 a 0.57 ab
PSN 0.94 cd 0.83 c 0.58 c 0.49 c 1.06 c 0.99 c 0.67 b 0.55 b
PCN 0.92 d 0.73 d 0.64 b 0.50 bc 1.05 c 0.92 d 0.59 d 0.58 ab
FRS 1.08 a 0.87 bc 0.62 b 0.52 ab 1.10 a 1.02 b 0.64 c 0.59 a
FSN 1.09 a 0.99 a 0.61 b 0.44 e 1.12 a 1.06 a 0.71 a 0.56 ab
FCN 0.97 c 0.77 d 0.70 a 0.54 a 1.04 c 1.00 c 0.61 d 0.57 ab
方差分析 Analysis of variance
T ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *
C ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ns
T×C ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ns

Table 3

Effects of organic manure and rotational tillage practices on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and C/N in 0-40 cm soil layer (mg g-1) "

处理
Treatment		 2016 2017
C N C/N C N C/N
PRS 8.54 b 0.72 c 11.93 a 9.65 a 0.85 a 11.24 b
PSN 8.21 c 0.71 c 11.52 b 9.31 b 0.82 c 11.33 ab
PCN 7.73 e 0.70 d 11.09 c 8.41 c 0.78 d 10.67 c
FRS 7.89 d 0.77 a 10.19 e 8.99 b 0.84 b 10.76 c
FSN 8.71 a 0.78 a 11.13 c 9.87 a 0.86 a 11.43 a
FCN 7.88 d 0.75 b 10.56 d 8.50 c 0.81 c 10.50 d
方差分析 Analysis of variance
T ** ** ** ** ** **
C ns ** ** ns ** **
T×C ** ** ** ** ** **

Fig. 1

Effects of organic manure and rotational tillage practices on invertase activity Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different among different treatments at the same soil layer at P<0.05. ** mean significance at the 0.01 probability level. T: tillage factor; C: organic fertilizer factor; P: straw; F: cow manure. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Effects of returning organic manure and rotational tillage practices on urease activity Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different among different treatments at the same soil layer at P<0.05. * and ** means significance at the 0.01 probability level. T: tillage factor; C: organic fertilizer factor; P: straw; F: cow manure. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 4

Effects of organic manure and rotational tillage practices on yield and its components of summer maize"

处理
Treatment		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 公顷穗数
Spike number (×104)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2016 PRS 278.95 a 594.33 b 6.22 a 8787 b
PSN 268.83 d 589.90 b 6.24 a 8504 c
PCN 275.22 bc 568.03 d 5.97 b 8065 e
FRS 275.85 b 592.07 b 6.14 a 8522 c
FSN 277.06 ab 605.07 a 6.23 a 8931 a
FCN 272.54 c 575.73 c 6.03 b 8364 d
2017 PRS 282.39 ab 596.47 b 6.28 a 9054 b
PSN 277.80 b 591.80 c 6.24 ab 8647 d
PCN 271.89 c 566.70 d 6.07 c 8194 f
FRS 274.32 c 590.61 c 6.26 ab 8798 c
FSN 285.93 a 609.85 a 6.27 a 9431 a
FCN 273.23 c 564.07 e 6.18 b 8421 e
F-value T ** ** ** **
C ns ** ns **
Y ** ns ** **
T×C ** ** ** **
T×Y ** ** ** **
C×Y ns * * **
T×C×Y ns ** ns **
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