小麦TaAPC11基因家族鉴定及TaAPC11-5B参与干旱胁迫的生物学功能研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51029

Abstract

Abstract:

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates cell cycle progression by ubiquitinating specific target proteins via its RING domain-containing subunit, APC11, thereby contributing to plant responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the TaAPC11 gene family in wheat using bioinformatics approaches, with a particular focus on elucidating the biological function of TaAPC11-5B in drought stress regulation. A total of 23 TaAPC11 members were identified in the wheat genome and classified into three subfamilies, all exhibiting conserved gene structures and motifs. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplications, driven by purifying selection, contributed to the expansion of the TaAPC11 family. Cis-acting element analysis indicated an abundance of abiotic stress-responsive elements in the promoters of TaAPC11 genes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that transcripts of TaAPC11-5B, 6A2, 4D1, and 3B2 were significantly up-regulated by PEG-6000 and ABA treatments, with TaAPC11-5B exhibiting the strongest response under PEG-6000-induced drought stress. Comparative analysis between wild-type (WT) and TaAPC11-5B-overexpressing rice lines (TaAPC11-5B-OE) under PEG-6000 treatment demonstrated that the overexpression lines had significantly higher survival rates, increased plant height, and a reduced leaf rolling index compared to WT plants. Physiological assays further revealed that TaAPC11-5B-OE plants exhibited lower relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but higher proline accumulation under drought conditions. Moreover, DAB (3,3'-diaminobenzidine) and NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) staining, along with antioxidant enzyme activity assays, showed that TaAPC11-5B-OE plants accumulated less hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion ($\mathrm{O}_{2}^{\bar{.}}$) while displaying enhanced activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Collectively, these results suggest that TaAPC11- 5B enhances drought tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. This study provides a theoretical basis and genetic resource for further understanding the drought-responsive mechanisms mediated by TaAPC11-5B in wheat.

Key words: wheat, drought stress, gene family, TaAPC11-5B, expression pattern, drought-tolerance validation

Hu Cheng-Zhen, Gao Wei-Dong, Kong Bin-Xue, Wang Jian-Fei, Che Zhuo, Yang De-Long, Chen Tao. Genome-wide identification of the TaAPC11 gene family in wheat and functional characterization of TaAPC11-5B in drought stress responses[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(1): 148-164.

Figures/Tables 15

Table S1

Table S2

Information of wheat TaAPC11 gene family"

亚家族 Subgroups	基因名称 Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	基因位置 Gene location (bp)	分子量 Molecular weight (kD)	等电点 PI	亚细胞定位 Subcellular location
Group I	TaAPC11-3A1	TraesCS3A02G001800.1	3A: 1312499-1316465	13.28299	5.90	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-3B1	TraesCS3B02G000800.1	3B: 986709-990613	13.46014	5.90	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-4A1	TraesCS4A02G118100.1	4A: 144626397-144626753	9.67526	6.85	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-4D2	TraesCS4D02G187600.1	4D: 326383255-326383611	9.68731	6.85	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-Un1	TraesCSU02G056200.1	Un: 43320677-43325049	13.24898	5.90	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-5A	TraesCS5A02G476600.1	5A: 651436974-651437330	9.66325	6.85	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-5B	TraesCS5B02G489500.1	5B: 659411504-659411860	9.66325	6.85	细胞核Nucleus
Group I	TaAPC11-6A1	TraesCS6A02G145300.2	6A: 123454742-123461449	54.07585	5.46	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group I	TaAPC11-6A2	TraesCS6A02G274400.1	6A: 501180582-501184201	12.89871	6.49	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group I	TaAPC11-6B1	TraesCS6B02G173500.2	6B: 187838088-187844402	53.64835	5.44	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group I	TaAPC11-6B2	TraesCS6B02G301900.1	6B: 541151164-541155111	12.91274	6.49	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group I	TaAPC11-6D1	TraesCS6D02G134300.1	6D: 102121509-102127928	54.29110	5.40	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group I	TaAPC11-6D2	TraesCS6D02G254700.1	6D: 359522869-359526478	12.91274	6.49	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group II	TaAPC11-3A2	TraesCS3A02G491300.1	3A: 718398638-718402223	28.98575	6.33	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group II	TaAPC11-3B2	TraesCS3B02G552300.1	3B: 786853771-786857486	30.03499	6.61	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group II	TaAPC11-3D	TraesCS3D02G497200.1	3D: 588393115-588396671	29.17200	6.33	细胞质Cytoplasm
Group III	TaAPC11-2A	TraesCS2A02G248400.1	2A: 371043878-371047760	38.54422	5.32	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group III	TaAPC11-2B	TraesCS2B02G268800.1	2B: 364133612-364137957	38.60633	5.17	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group III	TaAPC11-2D	TraesCS2D02G250100.1	2D: 297597480-297601524	38.59930	5.18	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group III	TaAPC11-4A2	TraesCS4A02G165300.1	4A: 389228758-389255404	39.42518	5.91	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group III	TaAPC11-4D1	TraesCS4D02G158400.1	4D: 221300172-221304251	42.04510	5.68	细胞膜Cell membrane
Group III	TaAPC11-Un2	TraesCSU02G068700.1	Un: 56920551-56927031	42.09423	5.78	细胞膜Cell membrane

Table S2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table S3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. S1

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	用途 Purpose
TaAPC11-5B-qF	TGGCTTCTTGGACATGGGAC	TaAPC11s荧光定量PCR TaAPC11s fluorescent quantitative PCR
TaAPC11-5B-qR	ATTGGGCACTCATCACCAGG
TaAPC11-6A2-qF	GCCGTAACCACATCATGGAC
TaAPC11-6A2-qR	GTCTTGAGCCAACGGCTGAT
TaAPC11-4D1-qF	GGAAGGTGCTGACGACTTGA
TaAPC11-4D1-qR	GTAAGGACCCCCGGACTTTG
TaAPC11-3B2-qF	CTAGAAGGGCTCAGAAGCGG
TaAPC11-3B2-qR	TGATTCCGGTGGTGCTTCAG
TaACTIN-F	AAATCTGGCATCACACTTTCTAC	小麦qRT-PCR内参^[44] qRT-PCR internal reference gene of wheat
TaACTIN-R	GTCTCAAACATAATCTGGGTCATC	小麦qRT-PCR内参^[44] qRT-PCR internal reference gene of wheat
TaAPC11-5B-CDS-F	ATGAAGGTCAAAATTCTTCAGTGG	TaAPC11-5B基因克隆 Cloning of TaAPC11-5B
TaAPC11-5B-CDS-R	GCCCTTGAACTGCCACTCC	TaAPC11-5B基因克隆 Cloning of TaAPC11-5B
TaAPC11-5B-eGFP-F	GGACGAGCTCGGTACCATGAAGGTCAAAATTCTTCAGTGG	亚细胞定位载体构建 Construction of subcellular localization vector
TaAPC11-5B-eGFP-R	CATGTCGACTCTAGAGGATCCGCCCTTGAACTGCCACTCC	亚细胞定位载体构建 Construction of subcellular localization vector
TaAPC11-5B-pBWA(V)HS-F	CAGTGGTCTCACAACATGAAGGTCAAAATTCTTCAGTGG	过表达载体构建 Construction of overexpression vector
TaAPC11-5B-pBWA(V)HS-R	CAGTGGTCTCAAATCGCCCTTGAACTGCCACTCC	过表达载体构建 Construction of overexpression vector
TaAPC11-5B-DNA-F	TGGCTTCTTGGACATGGGAC	异源表达水稻鉴定 Identification of heterologous expression in rice
TaAPC11-5B-DNA-R	ATTGGGCACTCATCACCAGG	异源表达水稻鉴定 Identification of heterologous expression in rice
OsACTIN-F	CACAGGTATTGTGTTGGACTCTG	水稻RT-PCR内参 RT-PCR internal reference gene of rice
OsACTIN-R	AGTAACCACGCTCCGTCAGG	水稻RT-PCR内参 RT-PCR internal reference gene of rice

片段复制 Segmental duplication		非同义替换率 K_a	同义替换率 K_s	比值 K_a/K_s
TaAPC11-2A	TaAPC11-2B	0.008556678	0.015712522	0.544577005
TaAPC11-2A	TaAPC11-2D	0.006101315	0.019699097	0.309725615
TaAPC11-2B	TaAPC11-2D	0.004877570	0.019692631	0.247685048
TaAPC11-3A2	TaAPC11-3B2	0.016939839	0.078154545	0.216747977
TaAPC11-3A1	TaAPC11-3B1	0.007321596	0.150125188	0.048769935
TaAPC11-3A2	TaAPC11-3D	0.010624595	0.070296993	0.151138686
TaAPC11-3B2	TaAPC11-3D	0.011675010	0.104107945	0.112143314
TaAPC11-3B1	TaAPC11-Un1	0	0.042067100	0
TaAPC11-4A1	TaAPC11-4D2	0.004954601	0.063195258	0.078401469
TaAPC11-5A	TaAPC11-5B	0.004958696	0.041389812	0.119804743
TaAPC11-5A	TaAPC11-5D	0.004958696	0.062974035	0.078741909
TaAPC11-5B	TaAPC11-5D	0	0.062974035	0
TaAPC11-6A2	TaAPC11-6B2	0.003640784	0.042464170	0.085737783
TaAPC11-6A1	TaAPC11-6B1	0.006271970	0.039937768	0.157043568
TaAPC11-6A2	TaAPC11-6D2	0.003642994	0.042364202	0.085992283
TaAPC11-6A1	TaAPC11-6D1	0.009844276	0.045991418	0.214045930
TaAPC11-6B2	TaAPC11-6D2	0	0.071997686	0
TaAPC11-6B1	TaAPC11-6D1	0.010778629	0.040009486	0.269401830

Genome-wide identification of the TaAPC11 gene family in wheat and functional characterization of TaAPC11-5B in drought stress responses

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