长江中下游地区常规中熟粳稻产量、品质及氮素吸收性状的相互关系分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02050

Abstract

Abstract:

In 2017 and 2018, 90 and 105 inbred middle-ripe japonica rice varieties (lines) in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were collected and planted in a unified way, and grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of each variety were measured at mature stage. The relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake were analyzed, so as to clarify the coordinated improvement path of grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The results indicated that grain yield was significantly positive correlated with spikelet per panicle and 1000-grain weight, and negatively correlated with percentage of filled grains. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and the number of effective panicles. Spikelet per panicle had the greatest direct path coefficient to grain yield, the number of effective panicles had the greatest limiting effect on yield formation through other yield components, and 1000-grain weight had the least limiting effect on yield formation through other yield components. The total nitrogen uptake was significantly positive correlated with the dry matter weight of stem, leaf and panicle. Path analysis showed that increasing biomass had a positive effect on increasing nitrogen uptake. Amylose and protein were significantly correlated with rice milling quality, appearance quality and taste value. Reducing amylose and protein content was beneficial to improve eating quality, but not conducive to the improvement of milling and appearance quality. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between 1000-grain weight, spikelet per panicle, dry weight of stem, leaf and panicle. There was no significant correlation between dry weight of stem, leaf and panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet per panicle and amylose content, but they were significantly negatively correlated with protein content. To sum up, the selection of varieties with low amylose content among those with large biomass, suitable population spikelet and higher 1000-grain weight would be an effective way to realize the coordinated improvement of grain yield, nitrogen uptake and eating quality of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. However, this may not be conducive to the improvement of milling and appearance quality and it needs to be further studied.

Key words: grain yield, nitrogen, rice quality, japonica

LIU Qiu-Yuan, ZHOU Lei, TIAN Jin-Yu, CHENG Shuang, TAO Yu, XING Zhi-Peng, LIU Guo-Dong, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 904-914.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

List of tested varieties (lines)"

年度Year

品种(系) Variety (line)

2017

JD 6602, JD 6614, JD 6619, 常软07-1, 常软07-11, 常软07-2,常软07-3, 常软07-4, 常软07-5, 常软07-6, 丰粳1606, 沪香粳165, 沪早软粳, 沪早香软1号, 沪早香软2号, 华丰1502, 华粳295, 华粳5号, 华粳8号, 淮330, 淮稻5号, 连粳11号, 连粳12号, 连粳13, 连粳13264, 连粳15, 连粳15113, 连粳7号, 南繁1604, 南繁1605, 南繁1609, 南繁1610, 南粳2728, 南粳505, 南粳5711, 南粳5833, 南粳9108, 南粳3818, 南粳5718, 宁5720, 宁9003, 宁9022, 宁9039, 宁粳040, 宁粳4号, 宁粳7号, 圣稻1647, 圣稻18-15, 圣稻18-4, 圣稻19, 圣稻20, 圣稻22, 圣稻2620, 泗15-234, 泗15-301, 泗稻14-211, 泗稻15号, 松早香1号, 苏1795, 苏粳815, 苏香粳3号, 苏秀867, 泰粳1152, 泰粳2340, 皖垦粳3号, 武4610, 武6267, 武粳004, 武育粳3号, 武运5020, 武运5051, 武运粳21, 武运粳27号, 武运粳32号, 武运粳80, 新稻22, 新科稻31, 徐36618, 徐41368, 徐稻9号, 徐农33202, 盐粳16号, 扬粳1612, 扬粳239, 扬粳3012, 扬粳3491, 扬粳5515, 扬育粳2号, 镇9471, 镇稻99
JD6602, JD6614, JD6619, Changruan 07-1, Changruan 07-11, Changruan 07-2, Changruan 07-3, Changruan 07-4, Changruan 07-5, Changruan 07-6, Fengjing 1606, Huxiangjing 165, Huzaoruanjing, Huzaoxiangruan 1, Huzaoxiangruan 2, Huafeng 1502, Huajing 295, Huajing 5, Huajing 8, Huai 330, Huaidao 5, Lianjing 11, Liangjing 12, Liangjing 13, Lianjing 13264, Lianjing 15, Lianjing 15113, Liangjing 7, Nanfan 1604, Nanfan 1605, Nanfan 1609, Nanfan 1610, Nanjing 2728, Nanjing 505, Nanjing 5711, Nanjing 5833, Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 3818, Nanjing 5718, Ning 5720, Ning 9003, Ning 9022, Ning 9039, Ningjing 040, Ningjing 4, Ningjing 7, Shendao 1647, Shendao 18-15, Shendao 18-4, Shendao 19, Shendao 20, Shendao 22, Shendao 2620, Si 15-234, Si 15-301, Sidao 14-211, Sidao 15, Songzaoxiang 1, Su 1795, Sujing 815, Suxiangjing 3, Suxiu 867, Taijing 1152, Taijing 2340, Wankenjing 3, Wu 4610, Wu 6267, Wujing 004, Wuyujing 3, Wuyun 5020, Wuyun 5051, Wuyunjing 21, Wuyunjing 27, Wuyunjing 32, Wuyunjing 80, Xindao 22, Xinkedao 31, Xu 36618, Xu 41368, Xudao 9, Xunong 33202, Yanjing 16, Yangjing 1612, Yangjing 239, Yangjing 3012, Yangjing 3491, Yangjing 5515, Yangyujing 2, Zhendao 9471, Zhendao 99

2018

早香粳1号, 福粳1601, 福粳1608, 沪早香181, 宁9036, 申粳1221, 圣稻18, 圣稻23, 圣稻24, 圣香66, 苏1785, 武育粳36号, 武运4326, 徐40398, 徐稻10号
Zaoxiangjing 1, Fujing 1601, Fujing 1608, Huzaoxiang 181, Ning 9036, Shenjing 1221, Shendao 18, Shendao 23, Shendao 24, Shenxiang 66, Su 1785, Wuyujing 36, Wuyun 4326, Xu 40398, Xudao 10

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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指标 Trait	2017					2018
指标 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)		最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)
糙米率 BR (%)	82.00	86.58	85.52		0.93	83.43	86.75	85.28	0.90
精米率 MR (%)	67.50	78.10	73.97		2.70	63.74	75.54	70.09	3.65
整精米率 HR (%)	47.18	74.86	63.89		8.47	39.22	70.79	58.14	12.09
垩白粒率 CKR (%)	10.23	88.70	35.80		51.18	11.20	90.73	33.98	49.89
垩白大小 CA (%)	15.44	41.29	26.19		17.01	20.54	50.77	28.03	16.97
垩白度 CKD (%)	1.57	36.63	9.75		64.22	2.29	46.07	9.89	68.44
蛋白质 PC (%)	8.25	10.30	9.17		4.12	7.20	10.05	8.53	6.99
直链淀粉 AC (%)	6.59	20.13	14.07		28.74	7.35	19.98	14.60	27.54
食味值 Taste value	45.07	76.00	58.96		13.10	42.83	80.67	61.59	12.36

指标 Trait		糙米率 BR	精米率 MR	整精米率 HR	垩白粒率 CKR	垩白大小 CA	垩白度 CKD	蛋白质 PC	直链淀粉 AC	食味值 Taste value
指标 Trait		糙米率 BR	精米率 MR	整精米率 HR	垩白粒率 CKR	垩白大小 CA	垩白度 CKD	蛋白质 PC	直链淀粉 AC	SCC		PCC
糙米率 BR		1	0.560^**	0.057	0.160	0.183	0.167	0.083	0.082	0.072	—
精米率 MR		0.299^**	1	-0.035	0.423^**	0.158	0.364^**	0.035	-0.389^**	0.458^**	—
整精米 HR		-0.064	0.380^**	1	-0.258^*	-0.081	-0.264^*	0.330^**	0.317^**	-0.335^**	-0.057
垩白粒率 CKR		0.184	0.025	-0.307^*	1	0.461^**	0.944^**	-0.205	-0.638^**	0.498^**	0.189
垩白大小 CA		0.026	-0.045	-0.013	0.444^**	1	0.682^**	0.171	-0.025	-0.096	—
垩白度 CKD		0.097	-0.016	-0.251^**	0.932^**	0.694^**	1	-0.128	-0.530^**	0.365^**	-0.208
蛋白质 PC		0.171	0.187	0.326^**	-0.005	0.310^*	0.115	1	0.350^**	-0.571^**	-0.480^**
直链淀粉 AC		-0.060	-0.210^*	0.300^**	-0.598^**	-0.224^*	-0.533^**	0.165	1	-0.797^**	-0.668^**
食味值 Taste value	SCC	0.009	0.079	-0.331^**	0.435^**	-0.018	0.311^**	-0.661^**	-0.701^**	1
食味值 Taste value	PCC	—	—	0.128	0.173	—	-0.091	-0.758^**	-0.700^**

指标 Trait	2017			2018
指标 Trait	变幅 Range	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV (%)	变幅 Range	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV (%)
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	302.58-467.52	365.20	8.16	268.51-456.36	350.82	8.58
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	20.60-29.88	26.38	5.87	20.78-30.17	26.62	6.57
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	75.38-136.08	103.21	10.48	74.19-134.88	103.31	11.08
结实率 Percentage of filled grains (%)	82.43-95.77	89.43	3.39	86.84-98.56	94.60	2.62
产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	6.80-9.89	8.42	8.11	6.82-10.28	8.58	8.49
收获指数 Harvest index	0.44-0.49	0.46	2.39	0.44-0.49	0.47	2.34

指标 Trait	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficients	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficients					决策系数 Decision coefficient
指标 Trait	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficients	有效穗数 Number of effective panicles	千粒重 1000-grain weight	穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	结实率 Percentage of filled grain	合计 Total	决策系数 Decision coefficient
2017
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles	0.083	0.976	—	-0.163	-0.742	0.013	-0.893	-0.791
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.287^**	0.720	-0.222	—	-0.180	-0.032	-0.433	-0.105
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	0.538^**	1.354	-0.535	-0.096	—	-0.184	-0.814	-0.376
结实率 Percentage of filled grains	-0.253^**	0.398	0.031	-0.058	-0.626	—	-0.652	-0.360
2018
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles	0.002	0.968	—	-0.194	-0.790	0.018	-0.967	-0.933
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.303^**	0.752	-0.250	—	-0.242	0.042	-0.450	-0.110
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	0.549^**	1.399	-0.547	-0.130	—	-0.173	-0.850	-0.421
结实率 Percentage of filled grains	-0.181	0.359	0.048	0.087	-0.676	—	-0.540	-0.259

指标 Trait	2017			2018
指标 Trait	变幅 Range	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV (%)	变幅 Range	平均值 Mean	变异系数CV (%)
茎干重 SDM (t hm^-2)	4.62-7.44	6.01	9.29	4.78-7.09	5.99	8.34
叶干重 LDM (t hm^-2)	2.24-4.37	3.28	12.34	2.15-3.83	3.05	11.43
穗干重 PDM (t hm^-2)	6.94-10.99	9.00	8.93	7.20-11.63	9.21	9.72
总干重 TDM (t hm^-2)	14.56-21.25	18.29	7.89	14.77-21.23	18.25	7.94
茎含氮率 SNR (%)	0.80-1.19	1.02	8.94	0.71-1.18	0.94	9.64
叶含氮率 LNR (%)	1.33-1.86	1.59	8.50	1.09-1.65	1.39	7.92
穗含氮率 PNR (%)	1.24-1.56	1.36	4.66	1.06-1.50	1.28	6.32
茎吸氮量 SNC (kg hm^-2)	43.92-84.95	61.50	12.71	37.94-73.85	55.97	11.60
叶吸氮量 LNC (kg hm^-2)	36.62-70.98	52.00	12.57	25.96-58.01	42.33	13.61
穗吸氮量 PNC (kg hm^-2)	89.19-149.51	121.92	8.60	89.37-144.78	117.32	9.73
总吸氮量 TNC (kg hm^-2)	194.77-270.38	235.42	6.50	175.72-246.13	215.63	6.80

Relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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指标 Trait	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficients	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficients							决策系数 Decision coefficient
指标 Trait	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficients	茎干重 SDM	叶干重 LDM	穗干重 PDM	茎含氮率 SNR	叶含氮率 LNR	穗含氮率 PNR	合计 Total	决策系数 Decision coefficient
2017
茎干重SDM	0.669^**	0.382	—	0.159	0.376	-0.016	-0.094	-0.139	0.287	0.365
叶干重LDM	0.693^**	0.428	0.142	—	0.327	0.052	-0.093	-0.164	0.265	0.410
穗干重PDM	0.803^**	0.692	0.208	0.202	—	-0.042	-0.147	-0.110	0.111	0.632
茎含氮率SNR	0.214^*	0.354	-0.017	0.063	-0.083	—	-0.006	-0.097	-0.140	0.026
叶含氮率LNR	-0.342^**	0.273	-0.132	-0.146	-0.373	-0.008	—	0.043	-0.615	-0.261
穗含氮率PNR	-0.261^*	0.358	-0.148	-0.196	-0.212	-0.096	0.033	—	-0.619	-0.315
2018
茎干重SDM	0.611^**	0.312	—	0.202	0.294	-0.055	-0.029	-0.112	0.300	0.284
叶干重LDM	0.768^**	0.353	0.178	—	0.444	0.026	-0.012	-0.221	0.415	0.418
穗干重PDM	0.811^**	0.753	0.122	0.208	—	-0.055	-0.066	-0.151	0.059	0.654
茎含氮率SNR	0.059	0.356	-0.048	0.025	-0.117	—	0.040	-0.198	-0.297	-0.085
叶含氮率LNR	-0.106	0.205	-0.044	-0.020	-0.241	0.069	—	-0.075	-0.311	-0.085
穗含氮率PNR	-0.155	0.487	-0.072	-0.160	-0.233	-0.145	-0.031	—	-0.642	-0.388

指标	茎干重 SDM	叶干重 LDM	穗干重 PDM	蛋白质 PC	直链淀粉 AC	千粒重 1000-grain weight	穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle
茎干重 SDM	1	0.371^**	0.544^**	-0.190	0.013	0.258^*	0.337^**
叶干重 LDM	0.583^**	1	0.473^**	-0.346^**	-0.002	0.276^**	0.310^**
穗干重 PDM	0.400^**	0.590^**	1	-0.144	-0.107	0.248^*	0.484^**
蛋白质 PC	-0.227^*	-0.563^**	-0.358^**	1	0.250^*	0.044	-0.085
直链淀粉 AC	0.042	-0.026	-0.039	0.165	1	0.121	0.097
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.366^**	0.424^**	0.212^*	-0.190	0.023	1	-0.133
穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	0.280^**	0.387^**	0.544^**	-0.231^*	0.144	-0.173	1

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