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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1806-1815.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04162

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Fungi diversity analysis of rhizosphere under drought conditions in cotton

YUE Dan-Dan(), HAN Bei, Abid Ullah, ZHANG Xian-Long, YANG Xi-Yan*   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-07-20 Accepted:2021-01-21 Online:2021-09-12 Published:2021-02-25
  • Contact: YANG Xi-Yan E-mail:ddyue@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China “Physiological Basis and Agronomic Management for High-quality and High-yield of Field Cash Crops”(2018YFD1000907)

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Abstract:

Plant rhizosphere microorganisms play important roles in plant growth and the adaptability of plants to adverse environmental stresses. In this study, cotton rhizosphere fungal communities were analyzed under drought conditions, aiming to explore the effects of drought stress on the diversity and community structures of cotton rhizosphere fungi, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton water use efficiency by using beneficial microorganisms. Drought stress was applied to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Jin 668) at flowering stage (SDP), while the soil without plants was also subjected to drought (SOPD). Simultaneously, the plants (SPN) and pots without plants (SNPN) regularly watered were used as controls. The soil samples were collected, the microbial DNA was isolated, and Illumina Miseq was conducted for a high-throughput sequencing of fungi ITS1 regions to study the diversity of the rhizosphere fungal communities. As a result, a total of 970 OTUs were identified, and the numbers of fungal OTUs in the samples of SNPN, SOPD, SPN, and SDP were 481, 528, 743, and 752, respectively, among which 288 OTUs were shared by all samples. The OTUs were classified to different levels of phyla, class, order, family, and genus of fungi. The rhizosphere fungal community of cotton was predominantly consisted of the phyla Ascomycota (82.70%) and Basidiomycota (10.15%). The abundance of Sordariomycetes, Sordariales, and Chaetomiaceae decreased, while the abundance of Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae, Aspergillus, and Penicillum increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community in the soil with cotton plants significantly higher than that in the soil without cotton plants. Meanwhile, the fungi community structures of SPN and SDP resembling each other and differing greatly from SNPN and SOPD. These results revealed that the cotton rhizosphere had a rich pool of fungal communities, and drought stress had a significant effect on the abundances and diversity of fungi in cotton rhizosphere. This study provided new insights for the researches of improving drought tolerance of cotton in terms of soil microorganisms.

Key words: cotton, drought, fungal community diversity, rhizosphere, high-throughput sequencing

Fig. 1

OTU classification of microbial communities A: Venn diagram of sample OTUs quantity; B: the number of OTUs of sample at different classification level. SNPN: normally watered soil without plants; SOPD: drought treated soil without plants; SPN: normally watered plant rhizosphere soil; SDP: drought treated plant rhizosphere soil."

Fig. 2

Alpha diversity analysis of soil fungi under normal and drought conditions A: sparse curves, B: species cumulative curve; C: rank abundance curve. Abbreviations are the same as those given inFig. 1. "

Table 1

Microbial diversity index"

样品
Sample 		Chao1指数
Chao1 index 		ACE指数
ACE index 		辛普森指数
Simpson index 		香农指数
Shannon index
SNPN 304.33±15.04 b 316.50±19.09 b 0.79±0.11 b 4.14±0.29 b
SOPD 334.50±12.02 b 334.50±12.02 b 0.89±0.00 b 4.50±0.09 b
SPN 544.40±14.91 a 567.03±15.54 a 0.90±0.02 a 4.58±0.19 a
SDP 525.31±17.30 a 527.92±14.83 a 0.92±0.01 a 5.01±0.10 a

Table 2

Microbial groups at each classification level"

样品
Sample 		门
Phylum 		纲
Class 		目
Order 		科
Family 		属
Genus 		种
Species
SNPN 9.00±0.00 a 15.00±1.00 b 39.33±2.89 b 62.50±3.54 a 88.50±2.12 b 158.00±2.83 d
SOPD 8.67±1.15 a 15.67±3.06 ab 43.00±5.00 ab 67.00±2.00 a 95.67±4.04 a 168.00±1.41 c
SPN 9.00±0.00 a 18.67±1.53 ab 45.00±4.58 a 68.67±2.08 a 103.50±2.83 a 182.00±1.41 b
SDP 9.00±0.00 a 20.00±1.00 a 51.00±4.58 a 70.00±0.00 a 109.00±2.83 a 194.00±1.41 a

Fig. 3

Distribution and abundance of taxa A-E represent the percentage of taxa at phylum, class, order, family, and genus level, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. "

Fig. 4

Taxonomic analysis of phylogenetic tree and heat map A: the classification hierarchy tree shows the hierarchical relationships of all taxa from the phylum to the genus level in the sample population; B: combined heat level map of the community composition with cluster analysis. Abbreviations are the same as those given inFig. 1. "

Fig. 5

Beta diversity analysis A: two-dimensional ranking of the PCA analysis; B: weighted UniFrac PCoA analysis; C: multiple sets of box plots for the weighted UniFrac distance; D: PLS-discriminant analysis. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. "

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