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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 203-214.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13032

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on kernel phytic acid and zinc bioavailability in sweet corn

SU Da1,2(), YAN Xiao-Jun2, CAI Yuan-Yang3, LIANG Tian4, WU Liang-Quan2, MUHAMMAD Atif Muneer2, YE De-Lian1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops / College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2College of Resources and Environment / International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
    3College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
    4College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2021-04-18 Accepted:2021-07-12 Online:2022-01-12 Published:2021-08-06
  • Contact: YE De-Lian E-mail:suda@fafu.edu.cn;ye-delian@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Fujian Province Natural Science(2019J01374);Fujian Province Natural Science(2020J01534);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701367);International Magnesium Institute Foundation(IMI2018-12)

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on nutritional characteristics of sweet corn kernels, the temporal (different filling stages) and spatial (upper, middle, and lower cob; kernel skin dregs, endosperm and embryo) variations of phytic acid (PA), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) contents and Zn bioavailability of sweet corn kernels and their responses to exogenous phosphorus fertilizer were investigated using filed phosphorus fertilizer experiment (P fertilizer location experiment for sweet corn genotypes and P fertilizer level experiment). The results were as follows: P fertilizer mainly inhibited Zn bioavailability by suppressing Zn concentration in sweet corn kernels, and increased PA concentrations concurrently. P fertilizer input showed significant effects on the accumulation of PA, P, and Zn (mg plant-1) after 16-24 days of silking, while inhibitory effects were detected on Zn bioavailability at different kernel filling stages. There was no significant difference in the kernel of PA (g kg-1) and zinc bioavailability among different cob positions under medium P treatment. However, the high P level significantly improved the accumulation of PA in the middle and lower cob, while the inhibitory effect was found on the kernel of Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability at all cob positions. Among different parts of the kernel (skin dregs, endosperm, and embryo), the concentrations of PA, P, and Zn were the highest values in the embryo and their accumulation were the highest value in the endosperm, while Zn bioavailability was also the highest in the embryo. High P treatment significantly increased PA and P concentrations and decreased Zn concentration and its bioavailability at different kernel positions. Hence, optimized phosphorus fertilizer application could promote kernel Zn accumulation, while excessive P fertilizer input significantly increased PA accumulation at different filling stages, as well as in the endosperm and embryo, and eventually had a significant inhibitory effect on kernel Zn bioavailability in sweet corn at different cob and kernel positions. This study provides a theoretical reference for the biofortification of Zn in sweet corn seeds.

Key words: sweet corn, phytic acid, biofortification, zinc bioavailability, quality

Table 1

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer treatments on kernel phytic acid (PA) and phosphorus (P) concentration with various sweet corn genotypes"

磷肥水平
P levels
品种 Genotype
万甜2015号
Wantian 2015
广良甜31号
Guangliangtian 31
闽双色4号
Minshuangse 4
先甜5号
Xiantian 5
粤甜28号
Yuetian 28
永珍7号
Yongzhen 7
植酸含量 Concentration of PA (g kg-1)
无磷肥处理CK 7.87±0.06 7.39±0.08 7.87±0.01 7.48±0.09 7.82±0.04 7.82±0.05
高磷肥处理HP 8.07±0.02 8.06±0.11 8.30±0.04 7.99±0.05 8.11±0.02 8.09±0.03
DD-value 0.20* 0.67** 0.43** 0.51** 0.29** 0.27*
变化率 Fluctuating rate (%) 2.54 9.07 5.46 6.82 3.71 3.45
磷含量 Concentration of P (g kg-1)
无磷肥处理CK 3.32±0.03 3.15±0.14 3.10±0.08 3.40±0.12 3.95±0.11 3.40±0.03
高磷肥处理HP 3.91±0.06 3.63±0.06 3.76±0.07 4.35±0.18 3.83±0.03 3.78±0.04
DD-value 0.59** 0.48* 0.66** 0.95* 0.12 0.38**
变化率 Fluctuating rate (%) 17.77 15.24 21.29 27.94 3.04 11.18

Fig. 1

Effects of phosphate fertilizer treatments on kernel Zn concentration, [PA]/[Zn], and TAZ with various sweet corn genotypes CK: no phosphorus treatment; HP: high phosphorus treatment. WT, GLT, MSS, XT, YT, and YZ represent Wantian 2015, Guangliangtian 31, Minshuangse 4, Xiantian 5, Yuetian 28, and Yongzhen 7, respectively. [PA]/[Zn]: the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc, TAZ: Zn bioavailability. The symbols *,** and *** represent the significant differences at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001 in the same variety under two phosphorus treatments, respectively."

Fig. 2

Effects of phosphorus treatments on kernel weight of sweet corn at different filling stages in Xiantian 5 Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different phosphorus levels within each kernel filling stage, while uppercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different kernel filling stages within every phosphorus level. P0, P1, P2, and P3 represents 0, 75, 150, and 300 kg hm-2, respectively."

Fig. 3

Effects of phosphorus treatments on phytic acid, phosphorus, and zinc concentration and accumulation at different kernel filling stages of sweet corn in Xiantian 5 Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different phosphorus levels within each kernel filling stage, while uppercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different kernel filling stages within every phosphorus level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig.4

Effects of phosphorus treatments on Zn bioavailability ([PA][Zn], TAZ) during different kernel filling stages of sweet corn (Xiantian 5) Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different phosphorus levels within each kernel filling stage, while uppercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among different kernel filling stages within every phosphorus level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. [PA]/[Zn]: the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc; TAZ: Zn bioavailability."

Table 2

Effects of phosphate fertilizer treatments on kernel phytic acid, phosphorus, zinc concentration, [PA]/[Zn], and TAZ in different cob positions (upside, middle, and bottom) in Xiantian 5"

果穗穗位
Cob position
磷肥水平
P levels
植酸含量
Concentration of PA (g kg-1)
磷含量
Concentration of P
(g kg-1)
锌含量
Concentration of Zn (mg kg-1)
[植酸]/[锌]摩尔比 [PA]/[Zn] 锌有效性
TAZ (mg Zn d-1)
上部
Upside
P0 7.90±0.12 ab A 3.96±0.17 b AB 82.96±1.89 a A 9.45±0.07 b B 2.82±0.02 a A
P1 7.87±0.02 ab A 5.14±0.02 a A 67.22±2.17 b A 11.63±0.40 a A 2.30±0.08 b B
P2 8.21±0.14 a A 5.14±0.06 a A 68.16±3.38 b A 11.99±0.43 a A 2.24±0.08 b A
P3 7.72±0.11 b B 5.09±0.06 a A 61.72±2.92 b A 12.43±0.43 a B 2.15±0.07 b A
中部
Middle
P0 7.91±0.12 b A 4.19±0.10 b A 73.68±2.77 a B 10.66±0.25 b A 2.51±0.06 a B
P1 8.04±0.12 b A 4.96±0.03 a AB 68.64±3.44 ab A 11.64±0.41 b A 2.30±0.09 ab B
P2 8.20±0.05 ab A 5.03±0.06 a A 63.06±3.32 b A 12.94±0.61 a A 2.08±0.10 bc A
P3 8.51±0.15 a A 5.01±0.06 a A 59.49±0.93 b A 14.17±0.10 a A 1.89±0.01 c B
下部
Bottom
P0 7.16±0.11 c B 3.65±0.10 c B 66.96±2.11 a B 10.61±0.27 c A 2.50±0.06 a B
P1 7.03±0.10 c B 4.84±0.08 b B 68.36±1.42 a A 10.19±0.11 c B 2.60±0.03 a A
P2 7.90±0.08 b A 4.99±0.03 ab A 64.08±2.54 ab A 12.26±0.38 b A 2.18±0.07 b A
P3 8.47±0.17 a A 5.10±0.05 a A 59.03±0.99 b A 14.22±0.09 a A 1.89±0.01 c B

Fig. 5

Effects of phosphate fertilizer treatments on weight (left) in different kernel positions (skin dregs, endosperm, and germ) and their respective positional accumulation ratio (right) in Xiantian 5 Lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the phosphorus levels within each kernel position at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 6

Effects of phosphate fertilizer treatments on phytic acid, phosphorus, zinc concentration and accumulation in different kernel positions (skin dregs, endosperm, and germ) in Xiantian 5 Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among the phosphorus levels within each kernel position, while uppercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among the kernel positions within every phosphorus level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 7

Effects of phosphate fertilizer treatments on [PA]/[Zn] and TAZ in different kernel positions (skin dregs, endosperm, and germ) in Xiantian 5 Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among phosphorus levels within each kernel position, while uppercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among the kernel positions within every phosphorus level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. [PA]/[Zn]: the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc; TAZ: Zn bioavailability."

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