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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2742-2753.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41007

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Drought resistance identification and SNP association analysis of wheat germplasm introduced by ICARDA at seedling stage

LI Yun-Xiang1(), ZHANG Si-Tian1, HOU Wan-Wei2, ZHANG Xiao-Juan1,*()   

  1. 1College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2024-02-02 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-11-12 Published:2024-07-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: xiaojuan830136@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Kunlun Talents, High-end Innovative Talents, and Cultivation of Top-notch Talents (Thousand Talents Program)

Abstract:

A total of 159 wheat samples imported from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (ICARDA) were used as the research subjects. To simulate drought conditions during the seedling stage, 20% PEG-6000 was applied, while a normal nutrient solution served as the control. The effects of drought on seven physiological traits related to the seedling stage (malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, relative conductivity, peroxidase activity, soluble sugar content, proline content, and chlorophyll content) were analyzed. Correlation analysis of drought resistance-related physiological traits in the 159 wheat samples was conducted using a 55K SNP chip. The results indicated that, following drought treatment, the levels of proline and soluble sugars increased, whereas other traits did not show consistent trends. Under normal conditions, malondialdehyde content was significantly positively correlated with peroxidase activity and highly significantly negatively correlated with proline content; peroxidase activity was highly significantly negatively correlated with soluble sugar content. Under drought stress, soluble sugar content was significantly positively correlated with malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity, while chlorophyll content was highly significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar content and significantly negatively correlated with proline content. Association analysis identified 311 drought resistance-related markers (P ≤ 0.001) across 24,151 SNP loci, distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes, with contribution rates of 7.13%-21.11%. Eight stable loci were detected under both treatments, located on chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 6A, with contribution rates of 7.85%-14.58%. Additionally, a multiple effector locus associated with both superoxide dismutase activity and soluble sugar content was found on chromosome 3D, with a contribution rate of 7.95%-8.69%. Four significant loci associated with the drought resistance coefficient of relative conductivity, peroxidase activity, chlorophyll content, and traits such as relative conductivity, peroxidase activity, proline content, and superoxide dismutase activity under drought treatment were detected on chromosomes 2D, 3A, and 4A, with a contribution rate of 7.61%-14.74%.

Key words: wheat, seedling stage, physiological indicators, SNP, correlation analysis

Table S1

The material information"

品种Variety 谱系Pedigree
ICARDA1 WEAVER/WL 3928//SW 89.3064/3/SOMAMA-3
ICARDA2 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA3 YMI #6/GEN//TIA.1/3/VEE#5//DOVE/BUC/4/ASFOOR-4
ICARDA4 WEAVER/WL 3928//SW 89.3064/3/LAKTA-7
ICARDA5 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA6 PBW343*2/KUKUN//22SAWSN - 97
ICARDA7 CHAMARAN/LAKTA-7
ICARDA8 ATENA-1//MILAN/DUCULA
ICARDA9 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/6/LFN/II58.57//PRL/3/HAHN/4/KAUZ/5/KAUZ
ICARDA10 HUBARA-13/4/TRAP#1/BOW//PFAU/3/MILAN
ICARDA11 PASTOR-2/3/SHUHA-7//SERI 82/SHUHA'S'
ICARDA12 HUBARA-1/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR
ICARDA13 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/SHUHA-7//SERI 82/SHUHA'S'
ICARDA14 TEVEE-11/SHUHA-19/7/KEA/TAN/4/TSH/3/KAL/BB//TQFN/5/WL7168/6/SNB
ICARDA15 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA16 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/MNCH/3*BCN
ICARDA17 KAUZ'S'/SERI/4/SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ
ICARDA18 P1.861/RDWG//DAJAJ-10
ICARDA19 VEE7/KAUZ//PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA20 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/WEAVER/JACANA
ICARDA21 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ESDA/SHWA//BCN
ICARDA22 KAUZ'S'/SERI/3/TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S'
ICARDA23 KAUZ'S'/SERI/3/TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S'
ICARDA24 ATTILA*2/PBW65//PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA25 ATTILA*2/PBW65//PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA26 WHEATEAR/22SAWSN - 156
ICARDA27 YMI #6/GEN//TIA.1/3/VEE#5//DOVE/BUC/4/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA28 TRACHA-2/SHUHA-3//KAUZ/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA29 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/TEVEE'S'/BOBWHITE #1
ICARDA30 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/TEVEE'S'/BOBWHITE #1
ICARDA31 DEBEIRA/4/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/AOS/3/KAUZ
ICARDA32 KAUZ/SAMAR-15//RDWG/MILAN
ICARDA33 CHILERO-1/4/VEE'S'/3/HORK/4MH//KAL-BB/5/CATBIRD-10
ICARDA34 HAMAM-2/FLAG-4
ICARDA35 STAR*3/LOTUS-5/4/TAM200/TUI//MILAN/KAUZ/3/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA
ICARDA36 VEE/PJN//2*KAUZ/3/MILAN/DUCULA
ICARDA37 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA38 SHUHA-4//NS732/HER/3/MILAN/DUCULA
ICARDA39 SHUHA-4//NS732/HER/3/MILAN/DUCULA
ICARDA40 HADIAH-14/3/MUNIA/CHTO//MILAN
ICARDA41 GIZA-164//TNMU/MILAN
ICARDA42 GIZA-164//TNMU/MILAN
ICARDA43 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/KAUZ'S'/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA44 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA45 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA46 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1
ICARDA47 OPATA/RAYON//KAUZ/3/PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA48 SHUHA-4//NS732/HER/3/TNMU/MILAN
ICARDA49 SHUHA-4//NS732/HER/3/TNMU/MILAN
ICARDA50 ATTILA 50Y//ATTILA/BCN/3/PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA51 JAWAHIR-1/GIRWILL-5
ICARDA52 SEKSAKA-7//SHUHA-3/PGO/SERI 82
ICARDA53 KBG-01/TOWPE
ICARDA54 SIDS-1//ATTILA*2/RAYON
ICARDA55 SIDS-1//ATTILA*2/RAYON
ICARDA56 GIZA-168/4/ATTILA*2/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ
ICARDA57 GIZA-168/4/ATTILA*2/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ
ICARDA58 GIZA-168/4/ATTILA*2/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ
ICARDA59 ATTILA*2/RAYON//CATBIRD-1
ICARDA60 ATTILA*2/RAYON//CATBIRD-1
ICARDA61 ATTILA*2/CROW/3/VEE#5/SARA//DUCULA
ICARDA62 ATTILA*2/CROW/3/VEE#5/SARA//DUCULA
ICARDA63 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/HXL8246/KAUZ
ICARDA64 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/HXL8246/KAUZ
ICARDA65 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/HXL8246/KAUZ
ICARDA66 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/KAUZ/GYS//KAUZ
ICARDA67 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/KAUZ/GYS//KAUZ
ICARDA68 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/PFAU/MILAN
ICARDA69 SERI.1B//KAUZ/GEN/3/AMAD/4/TEVEE'S'/SHUHA'S'
ICARDA70 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/HUBARA-13
ICARDA71 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/HUBARA-13
ICARDA72 VEE/PJN//2*KAUZ/3/SHUHA-4/FOW-2
ICARDA73 ATTILA//VEE#5/DOBUC'S'/3/WATAN-7
ICARDA74 ATTILA//VEE#5/DOBUC'S'/3/WATAN-7
ICARDA75 ATTILA//VEE#5/DOBUC'S'/3/QADANFER-9
ICARDA76 HAR-1685 = ATILLA-7/REBWAH-12
ICARDA77 VEE/NAC//REBWAH-19
ICARDA78 VEE/NAC//REBWAH-19
ICARDA79 VEE/NAC//REBWAH-19
ICARDA80 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/FLORKWA-2
ICARDA81 TILILA/MUBASHIIR-1
ICARDA82 TILILA/MUBASHIIR-1
ICARDA83 CHAM-4/MUBASHIIR-9
ICARDA84 CHAM-4/MUBASHIIR-9
ICARDA85 VAGA 92/EID-6
ICARDA86 HUW 234/REBWAH-19
ICARDA87 QAFZAH-7/FLAG-4
ICARDA88 QAFZAH-23/ZEMAMRA-2
ICARDA89 QAFZAH-27/SEKSAKA-6
ICARDA90 K6295-4A/FLAG-8
ICARDA91 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/SHIHAB-7
ICARDA92 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/SHIHAB-7
ICARDA93 WATAN-7/SEKHRAH-2
ICARDA94 WATAN-7/SEKHRAH-2
ICARDA95 PASTOR-5/SHIHAB-5
ICARDA96 MILAN/DUCULA//AL-ZEHRAA-1
ICARDA97 PVN//KAUZ/PVN/4/CROC1/AE.SQUARROSSA(205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA
ICARDA98 CROC1/AE.SQUARROSSA(205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA/4/FLAG-1
ICARDA99 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA/3/FLAG-7
ICARDA100 CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA/3/FLAG-7
ICARDA101 AMIR-2/TAJAN
ICARDA102 CHIL/CHUM18//ATTILA*2/RAYON
ICARDA103 KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'/3/SHUHA-4//NS732/HER/4/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA104 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/REBWAH-13/5/FLAG-8
ICARDA105 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/GYS//KAUZ/5/MUNIA/ALTAR 84//MILAN
ICARDA106 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/GYS//KAUZ/5/ICARDA-SRRL-9
ICARDA107 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/6/LFN/II58.57//PRL/3/HAHN/4/KAUZ/5/KAUZ/7/SITE/MO/3/VORONA/BAU//BAU
ICARDA108 KAUZ/AA//KAUZ/3/SOMAMA-3/4/WATAN-10
ICARDA109 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/ANGI-1/5/KABOWSH-1
ICARDA110 GOUBARA-1/ANGI-1//QAFZAH-21
ICARDA111 VEE7/KAUZ/3/KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'/4/QAFZAH-33
ICARDA112 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/SARA 1/STAR//SW89.3064
ICARDA113 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/SARA 1/STAR//SW89.3064
ICARDA114 QIMMA-12/REBWAH-13/3/NG8675/CBRD//MILAN
ICARDA115 STAR*3/LOTUS-5/3/CHUM//7*BCN/4/FLAG-2
ICARDA116 STAR*3/LOTUS-5/3/CHUM//7*BCN/4/FLAG-2
ICARDA117 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/TNMU/MILAN/5/WATAN-12
ICARDA118 HUBARA-1/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WATAN-5
ICARDA119 HUBARA-1/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WATAN-5
ICARDA120 HUBARA-1/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WATAN-5
ICARDA121 HUBARA-1/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WATAN-5
ICARDA122 P1.861/RDWG//KAPSW/SHUHA-17/3/MUBASHIIR-12
ICARDA123 KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'/3/KAUZ//KAUZ/STAR/5/SHAMIEKH-7
ICARDA124 KASYON/GENARO 81//TEVEE-1/../4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/KAUZ/5/FLAG-8
ICARDA125 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/SHUHA-7//SERI 82/SHUHA'S'/5/OPATA/RAYON//KAUZ
ICARDA126 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/PYN/BAU//MILAN/5/OPATA/RAYON//KAUZ
ICARDA127 HOOSAM-8//CHAM-6/FLORKWA-2/3/ICARDA-SRRL-3
ICARDA128 HOOSAM-8//CHAM-6/FLORKWA-2/3/ICARDA-SRRL-3
ICARDA129 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA130 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA131 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA132 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA133 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA134 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA135 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA136 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA/5/KAUZ'S'/SHUHA-15
ICARDA137 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA138 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA139 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA140 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA141 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA142 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA143 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/ATTILA//PSN/BOW/3/ATTILA
ICARDA144 P1.861/RDWG//DAJAJ-10/3/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA145 P1.861/RDWG//DAJAJ-10/3/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA146 VEE7/KAUZ/6/LFN/II58.57//PRL/3/HAHN/4/KAUZ/5/KAUZ/7/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA147 VEE7/KAUZ/6/LFN/II58.57//PRL/3/HAHN/4/KAUZ/5/KAUZ/7/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA148 VEE7/KAUZ//PFAU/MILAN/3/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA149 VEE7/KAUZ//PFAU/MILAN/3/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA150 VEE7/KAUZ//PFAU/MILAN/3/MILAN/PASTOR
ICARDA151 SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD/4/WEAVER/JACANA/5/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA
ICARDA152 ATTILA*2/CROW//MILAN/PASTOR/3/FLAG-6
ICARDA153 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/SAMAR-15/5/ICARDA-SRRL-1
ICARDA154 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/SAMAR-15/5/P1.861/RDWG/3/KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'
ICARDA155 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/SAMAR-15/5/P1.861/RDWG/3/KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'
ICARDA156 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/SAMAR-15/5/P1.861/RDWG/3/KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'
ICARDA157 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/SAMAR-15/5/P1.861/RDWG/3/KAUZ//MON/CROW'S'
ICARDA158 QIMMA-12/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/LUCO-M/BL1133//OCI/3/WEAVER
ICARDA159 KATILA-7/4/CROC-1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA/3/PASTOR/5/PASTOR//MUNIA/ALTAR 84

Table 1

Variability of physiological traits in wheat seedlings"

处理
Treatment
参数
Parameter
丙二醛
含量
MDA content
(nmol g-1)
超氧化物
歧化酶活性
SOD activity
(U g-1)
相对电
导率
REC
(S m-1)
过氧化物酶活性
POD activity
(U g-1)
可溶性
糖含量
SS content
(mg g-1)
脯氨酸
含量
PRO content
(μg g-1)
叶绿素
含量
CHI content
(mg g-1)
对照
Control
最大值 Max. 0.23 944.26 0.48 18,600.00 5.80 96.14 1.18
最小值 Min. 0.04 37.64 0.07 3400.00 1.16 10.86 0.60
平均值 Average 0.11 423.10 0.19 9955.35 3.18 32.85 0.87
标准差 SD 0.04 197.67 0.08 3090.82 0.09 24.91 0.10
变异系数 CV (%) 34.76 46.72 40.57 31.05 29.38 75.82 11.74
干旱处理
Drought treatment
最大值 Max. 0.30 1348.97 0.53 27,400.00 10.28 3386.24 1.19
最小值 Min. 0.06 143.80 0.08 3266.67 3.09 159.85 0.64
平均值 Average 0.11 485.34 0.17 10,560.17 6.03 1196.56 0.87
标准差 SD 0.03 220.00 0.06 4783.62 1.52 641.91 0.11
变异系数 CV (%) 31.03 45.33 37.45 45.30 25.11 53.65 12.43
抗旱系数
Drought
resistance coefficient
最大值 Max. 2.78 11.14 2.49 3.42 4.39 259.58 1.62
最小值 Min. 0.42 0.23 0.26 0.31 1.04 2.28 0.62
平均值 Average 1.01 1.52 0.97 1.11 1.99 62.31 1.02
标准差 SD 0.39 1.36 0.44 0.52 0.54 51.23 0.16
变异系数 CV (%) 38.16 89.76 45.04 46.36 27.33 82.23 16.05
广义遗传力 H² 0.97 0.77 0.81 0.99 0.30 0.05 0.92

Table 2

Correlation between measured physiological traits under normal treatment"

参数
Parameter
MDA SOD REC POD SS PRO CHI
MDA 1.000
SOD 0.045 1.000
REC -0.064 -0.033 1.000
POD 0.167* -0.149 -0.073 1.000
SS -0.131 0.077 0.037 -0.254** 1.000
PRO -0.265** -0.049 -0.032 0.079 -0.069 1.000
CHI -0.014 0.090 -0.020 0.089 -0.013 0.070 1.000

Table 3

Correlation between measured physiological traits under drought stress"

参数
Parameter
MDA SOD REC POD SS PRO CHI
MDA 1.000
SOD 0.109 1.000
REC 0.131 0.001 1.000
POD -0.120 0.052 -0.138 1.000
SS 0.233** 0.118 0.162* -0.153 1.000
PRO 0.022 -0.028 -0.031 -0.105 -0.118 1.000
CHI 0.063 0.104 0.097 0.036 0.268** -0.184* 1.000

Fig. 1

Distribution of SNP markers on various chromosomes"

Table 4

SNP markers and polymorphisms in 159 wheat materials"

染色体
Chromosome
标记数目
Number of markers
长度
Length (Mb)
标记密度
Density of markers
多态信息含量
PIC
遗传多样性
Genetic diversity
1A 1221 593.24 0.4859 0.3053 0.3714
1B 1362 688.35 0.5054 0.2771 0.3330
1D 818 495.23 0.6054 0.3100 0.3781
2A 1540 780.70 0.5069 0.3526 0.4387
2B 1175 799.25 0.6802 0.3318 0.4119
2D 951 650.88 0.6844 0.3457 0.4347
3A 1163 749.87 0.6448 0.3099 0.3802
3B 1373 829.73 0.6043 0.2433 0.2843
3D 418 615.46 1.4724 0.2595 0.3088
4A 976 743.32 0.7616 0.3467 0.4385
4B 1675 673.47 0.4021 0.3098 0.3769
4D 357 509.18 1.4263 0.2970 0.3640
5A 1590 709.22 0.4461 0.3167 0.3905
5B 1652 711.84 0.4309 0.3166 0.3854
5D 618 561.92 0.9093 0.2743 0.3276
6A 1550 617.25 0.3982 0.3406 0.4143
6B 1335 714.62 0.5353 0.3118 0.3806
6D 765 473.30 0.6187 0.2928 0.3551
7A 1298 735.46 0.5666 0.3132 0.3821
7B 1293 744.39 0.5757 0.3087 0.3776
7D 1021 638.19 0.6251 0.2767 0.3295
A基因组A genome 9338 4929.06 0.5278 0.3264 0.4023
B基因组B genome 9865 5161.65 0.5232 0.2999 0.3642
D基因组D genome 4948 3944.16 0.7971 0.2937 0.3568
总计 Total 24,151 14,034.87 0.6161 0.3067 0.3744

Fig. 2

Population structure analysis and principal component analysis of 159 wheat materials A: population structure; B: CV error value of the number of subpopulations; C: principal component analysis."

Table S2

Drought resistance associated loci of physiological traits in wheat seedlings"

性状
Trait
环境 Environment 标记
Marker
染色体 Chromosome 位置
Position
P
P value
表型贡献率 R2
MDA CK E1 AX-108939109 4D 482135480 4.70E-04 10.19
MDA CK AX-110011761 7A 56144365 5.00E-04 8.00
MDA胁迫MDA stress E2 AX-110439639 1A 583812259 1.36E-04 12.01
MDA胁迫MDA stress AX-108945511 5A 549406522 5.43E-04 7.93
MDA胁迫MDA stress AX-111000791 5A 702088944 3.03E-04 10.86
SOD CK E1 AX-110536069 2B 26128868 9.10E-04 7.33
SOD CK AX-110944363 2D 28872577 5.09E-04 7.97
SOD CK AX-111128536 2D 73322541 9.67E-04 9.20
SOD CK AX-110954551 2D 73329824 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-111726271 2D 73415895 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-109007985 2D 73423205 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-111708562 2D 73425222 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-109032551 2D 73428434 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-109622555 2D 73558496 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-110038812 2D 73583719 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-110697826 2D 73845939 9.01E-04 9.29
SOD CK AX-94536025 2D 74934503 8.97E-04 9.30
SOD胁迫SOD stress E2 AX-109018921 1D 572297927 2.34E-04 11.22
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-110502235 2B 564001537 8.67E-04 9.35
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-110955068 2D 517058180 6.15E-04 9.82
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109508240 3B 594562876 7.50E-04 9.54
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109601754 3B 595922921 4.30E-04 8.19
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109363741 3B 603859767 9.48E-04 7.19
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109275917 3B 730740613 1.74E-04 11.60
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-94856985 3D 473823580 5.70E-04 7.95
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-110623825 4A 2906761 3.49E-04 10.63
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111105078 4A 3995561 3.28E-05 11.58
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109975490 4A 4011151 5.49E-05 13.23
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-110397938 4A 4138105 1.60E-04 11.99
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111618007 4A 4187994 3.27E-06 14.74
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-108802636 4A 4195815 5.49E-05 13.23
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111612796 4A 134533872 1.47E-04 11.83
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-108820574 5A 477216334 2.89E-05 14.16
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111619112 5B 226052844 1.70E-04 11.62
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-109855795 5B 691772049 4.93E-04 10.13
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-110992012 6B 21400698 7.19E-04 9.60
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111651039 6B 200651796 7.22E-04 9.60
SOD胁迫SOD stress AX-111551106 6B 365290138 6.54E-04 9.73
REC CK E1 AX-94526408 3A 83745813 8.71E-04 9.33
REC CK AX-110974432 3A 507311449 6.35E-04 9.77
REC CK AX-110447030 3A 507455106 6.35E-04 9.77
REC CK AX-108736767 3A 507457135 6.35E-04 9.77
REC CK AX-89776892 3A 507472871 6.35E-04 9.77
REC CK AX-110554752 3A 531945145 3.65E-04 10.56
REC CK AX-109848243 3B 553119162 7.30E-04 7.52
REC CK AX-109333865 3B 562374087 2.21E-04 9.18
REC CK AX-110671878 3B 606344061 4.56E-04 8.12
REC CK AX-109032080 3B 625596802 9.01E-04 7.25
REC CK AX-111491656 3B 664023814 9.81E-04 9.44
REC CK AX-108751849 4B 413031438 0.001 9.14
REC CK AX-111055855 5A 667361118 5.05E-05 13.35
REC CK AX-108963849 5A 681561527 2.54E-06 15.10
REC CK AX-111555641 5A 682615465 2.54E-06 15.10
REC CK AX-111116889 5A 683122187 2.41E-06 15.34
REC CK AX-111265403 7A 83674976 8.37E-04 9.39
REC CK AX-111493829 7D 65442647 9.81E-04 9.18
REC CK AX-111728699 7D 607560711 2.52E-04 8.88
REC胁迫REC stress E2 AX-111165896 2D 66754457 2.53E-05 14.38
POD CK E1 AX-109868925 2B 377537651 7.72E-04 7.44
POD CK AX-108938617 2B 540480544 8.93E-04 9.30
POD CK AX-110712832 2B 540532015 7.84E-04 9.48
POD CK AX-109310445 2B 540570900 6.45E-04 7.67
POD CK AX-110583932 2B 540701215 6.41E-04 7.68
POD CK AX-109886762 2B 540812821 9.70E-04 7.29
POD CK AX-110378841 2B 540911735 8.83E-04 9.32
POD CK AX-86174787 4B 637394156 3.33E-04 10.68
POD CK AX-110551192 5A 617221415 9.17E-04 7.24
POD CK AX-111067020 6A 21549122 6.06E-04 7.85
POD CK AX-109496303 6A 22066019 4.22E-04 10.34
POD CK AX-109559242 6A 22351295 8.82E-04 9.32
POD CK AX-108755285 6A 23396577 6.83E-04 9.67
POD胁迫POD stress E2 AX-110999766 1D 421659095 6.46E-04 9.75
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109408702 3A 7082927 2.33E-05 12.09
POD胁迫POD stress AX-110598993 3A 7087574 9.28E-05 12.48
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109305677 3A 7304468 9.60E-05 12.43
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109585375 3A 11866817 5.19E-05 10.96
POD胁迫POD stress AX-86179914 3A 14045695 8.00E-04 9.45
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109978592 3A 14077649 1.01E-04 10.09
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111033374 3B 741338390 1.41E-04 11.89
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109365472 4D 3243069 3.76E-04 8.36
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109284502 4D 3245259 8.81E-04 7.38
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109834052 4D 3286064 3.76E-04 8.36
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111807691 4D 3301057 5.98E-04 7.88
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111644260 4D 3339621 9.70E-04 9.18
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109335531 4D 55360434 9.91E-04 7.13
POD胁迫POD stress AX-110538030 4D 60410638 9.09E-04 7.26
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109500517 4D 113319521 3.09E-04 8.62
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111067020 6A 21549122 7.34E-05 10.53
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111689339 6A 21721270 6.93E-04 9.66
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109496303 6A 22066019 5.18E-04 10.06
POD胁迫POD stress AX-109559242 6A 22351295 3.21E-04 10.73
POD胁迫POD stress AX-111733225 6A 61880162 8.70E-04 9.34
POD胁迫POD stress AX-110089701 7D 617737446 2.49E-04 11.08
SS CK E1 AX-110950874 1B 682084646 6.37E-05 13.47
SS CK AX-111539199 1B 682179179 6.04E-06 13.89
SS CK AX-111685662 1B 683037494 4.84E-06 14.20
SS CK AX-109276851 1B 683124872 4.84E-06 14.20
SS CK AX-111105226 2B 5074308 6.24E-04 9.81
SS CK AX-111512281 2B 167857869 4.44E-04 8.15
SS CK AX-110038305 2B 170344264 4.44E-04 8.15
SS CK AX-110029395 2B 170808238 4.44E-04 8.15
SS CK AX-111013672 2B 172666988 2.94E-04 8.68
SS CK AX-110912515 2B 172859359 2.94E-04 8.68
SS CK AX-110455974 2B 178828076 5.06E-04 7.98
SS CK AX-111592114 2B 179779566 5.06E-04 7.98
SS CK AX-108904662 2B 179861443 5.06E-04 7.98
SS CK AX-109530577 2B 180061570 5.06E-04 7.98
SS CK AX-110521511 2B 180130862 3.82E-04 10.58
SS CK AX-108996323 2B 184412996 4.41E-04 8.16
SS CK AX-109396252 5B 321548145 7.46E-04 7.49
SS CK AX-109869394 6A 52813152 4.51E-04 10.25
SS胁迫SS stress E2 AX-110950874 1B 682084646 2.24E-05 14.58
SS胁迫SS stress AX-111539199 1B 682179179 3.41E-05 11.53
SS胁迫SS stress AX-111685662 1B 683037494 7.02E-06 13.68
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109276851 1B 683124872 7.02E-06 13.68
SS胁迫SS stress AX-111765215 2B 585179512 7.43E-04 9.56
SS胁迫SS stress AX-111030322 2B 728949361 1.34E-04 10.08
SS胁迫SS stress AX-94856985 3D 473823580 3.41E-04 8.69
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109423081 5B 539293813 9.07E-04 9.28
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109452986 6D 471767220 6.02E-04 7.76
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109872498 6D 471812062 6.02E-04 7.76
SS胁迫SS stress AX-110412658 6D 471815017 6.02E-04 7.76
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109228542 6D 471857007 5.51E-04 8.05
SS胁迫SS stress AX-108790350 6D 471929121 5.26E-04 7.94
SS胁迫SS stress AX-109849017 6D 472279311 2.70E-04 8.80
SS胁迫SS stress AX-108804382 6D 472303291 8.39E-04 7.34
PRO胁迫PRO stress E2 AX-111138337 3A 19999667 4.92E-04 8.12
PRO胁迫PRO stress AX-109966382 3B 799102015 5.78E-04 7.82
PRO胁迫PRO stress AX-110524939 3B 799795429 5.90E-04 9.88
PRO胁迫PRO stress AX-110621306 3D 595286908 8.69E-04 9.34
CHI CK E1 AX-108934549 1B 540906362 3.83E-04 10.48
CHI CK AX-111135940 1B 617704310 9.84E-04 9.17
CHI CK AX-110517044 1B 620088133 9.26E-04 9.25
CHI CK AX-109882240 2A 715985336 6.30E-04 9.90
CHI CK AX-110383562 2B 649539427 1.71E-04 11.61
CHI CK AX-110981106 2B 650416150 1.71E-04 11.61
CHI CK AX-111232583 2B 663376150 7.93E-04 10.01
CHI CK AX-110388252 2B 665595753 5.15E-04 10.13
CHI CK AX-110914510 2B 665833290 1.48E-04 9.69
CHI CK AX-111597515 2D 383392816 5.26E-04 7.93
CHI CK AX-110551244 3A 26045492 5.90E-04 9.88
CHI CK AX-110073069 3A 721321663 6.85E-04 9.67
CHI CK AX-110363242 3A 722494638 4.38E-04 10.30
CHI CK AX-110463362 3B 750897927 3.78E-04 10.50
CHI CK AX-111877226 3D 10135350 6.53E-04 10.44
CHI CK AX-109357821 4B 25887208 7.48E-04 7.49
CHI CK AX-111525028 5A 17152063 9.59E-04 9.20
CHI CK AX-110696510 5A 447649267 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-108822086 5A 447950838 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-109912162 5A 448113730 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-110713966 5A 448527021 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-110952424 5A 448539631 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-110032803 5A 448591461 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-111153208 5A 448596924 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-111564221 5A 448603501 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI CK AX-108775851 5A 448615891 8.40E-04 9.39
CHI胁迫CHI stress E2 AX-111592607 1A 54498547 5.90E-04 7.79
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108807092 2B 635209197 2.42E-04 11.31
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110383562 2B 649539427 6.08E-04 9.61
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111554457 2B 687608420 7.59E-04 7.49
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109451490 2B 756019728 2.73E-04 10.96
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109386811 2B 756050177 7.35E-04 9.57
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111614697 2B 773995287 1.50E-04 12.10
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111467730 2B 774113399 2.92E-04 10.86
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110597940 6A 133776004 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109491905 7A 65574377 5.59E-04 9.95
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109603569 7A 65599797 7.86E-04 9.48
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111551571 7A 65629832 5.59E-04 9.95
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109386463 7A 65698448 7.86E-04 9.48
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109322386 7A 65919061 7.86E-04 9.48
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110362441 7A 66114827 5.59E-04 9.95
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110952157 7A 66176328 7.86E-04 9.48
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111586562 7A 66412325 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108937340 7A 66420629 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110397134 7A 66449137 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109300677 7A 66605971 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111662651 7A 66638331 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111154340 7A 67462467 7.86E-04 9.48
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108725239 7A 67508778 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111085055 7A 68227569 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109996134 7A 68232531 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110962367 7A 68308957 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108820762 7A 68319324 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109970826 7A 68326862 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111536100 7A 68858419 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110396771 7A 68887261 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109504503 7A 68891205 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110466840 7A 68900166 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109474489 7A 68911050 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111485137 7A 69011153 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110967243 7A 69496931 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108803636 7A 69715220 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111462555 7A 69727296 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111562665 7A 69845098 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110426981 7A 69956773 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111453793 7A 69960404 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109967664 7A 70087246 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108905169 7A 70093420 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109429555 7A 70250371 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109314571 7A 70269402 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109982253 7A 70629051 5.77E-04 10.13
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111460177 7A 70656848 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108758720 7A 70730853 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109303551 7A 70768526 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109855326 7A 70828911 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111053964 7A 70890902 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110512318 7A 71044856 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109279927 7A 71061642 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110122450 7A 71146385 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111652639 7A 71156142 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110711022 7A 71331655 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108833648 7A 71451265 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109420173 7A 71956475 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110186090 7A 72016188 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109982987 7A 72694907 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111143419 7A 73222392 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110054283 7A 73238823 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110427857 7A 73251871 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111650336 7A 73304084 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108938437 7A 73532452 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108884040 7A 73731391 4.87E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111536482 7A 73799792 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-111171332 7A 73804526 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-108871582 7A 73808772 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109978887 7A 73919368 4.83E-04 10.16
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-110127149 7D 63927452 5.20E-04 10.17
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109556972 7D 65601372 5.77E-04 9.94
CHI胁迫CHI stress AX-109966388 7D 65897101 4.83E-04 10.16

Fig. 3

Manhattan (A1, B1, and C1) and Q-Q (A2, B2, and C2) of physiological traits of drought resistance in seedlings of 159 wheat materials A1 and A2 represent the Manhattan and Q-Q charts of 7 physiological traits under normal water conditions; B1 and B2 represent the Manhattan and Q-Q charts of seven physiological traits under drought treatment; and C1and C2 represent the Manhattan and Q-Q diagrams of drought resistance coefficients of seven physiological traits, respectively."

Table 5

Stable SNP loci detected under both conditions"

性状
Trait
标记
Marker
染色体
Chr.
位置
Position
P
P-value
表型贡献率
R2 (%)
POD AX-111067020 6A 21,549,122 7.34E-05-6.06E-04 7.85-10.53
AX-109496303 6A 22,066,019 4.22E-04-5.18E-04 10.06-10.34
AX-109559242 6A 22,351,295 3.21E-04-8.82E-04 9.32-10.73
SS AX-110950874 1B 682,084,646 2.24E-05-6.37E-05 13.47-14.58
AX-111539199 1B 682,179,179 6.04E-06-3.41E-05 11.53-13.89
AX-111685662 1B 683,037,494 4.84E-06-7.02E-06 13.68-14.20
AX-109276851 1B 683,124,872 4.84E-06-7.02E-06 13.68-14.20
CHI AX-110383562 2B 649,539,427 1.71E-04-6.08E-04 9.61-11.61

Table S3

Correlation loci of drought resistance coefficient of each physiological trait in wheat seedlings"

性状
Trait
标记
Marker
染色体 Chromosome 位置
Position
P
P value
贡献率
R2
DCMDA AX-109993386 2A 49548309 9.50E-04 9.21
DCMDA AX-109873648 2A 610055985 4.58E-04 10.24
DCMDA AX-109843419 2A 693262236 6.66E-04 9.71
DCMDA AX-108904491 2A 734831067 5.01E-04 10.43
DCMDA AX-109936337 2A 744613743 9.88E-04 9.17
DCMDA AX-110481929 2B 13736343 6.15E-04 9.82
DCMDA AX-111134341 2B 13798784 9.45E-04 9.22
DCMDA AX-111181783 2B 189597777 8.13E-04 9.44
DCMDA AX-108838753 2B 244212130 4.17E-04 10.36
DCMDA AX-111033839 2B 244530476 4.17E-04 10.36
DCMDA AX-111162682 2B 244872249 4.17E-04 10.36
DCMDA AX-109917760 2B 245293776 4.17E-04 10.36
DCMDA AX-109563478 2B 245694061 4.17E-04 10.36
DCMDA AX-110033015 2B 246404770 9.87E-04 9.16
DCMDA AX-111621196 2B 448903792 6.22E-04 9.80
DCMDA AX-110129843 2B 448921887 7.86E-04 9.48
DCMDA AX-110456252 2B 449090473 7.86E-04 9.48
DCMDA AX-108831989 2B 759764225 9.21E-04 9.26
DCMDA AX-109834254 3B 730264387 9.20E-04 9.26
DCMDA AX-111563111 5A 445626398 9.83E-04 9.17
DCMDA AX-110379085 5A 458202442 9.23E-04 9.26
DCMDA AX-110944199 5A 470971207 9.23E-04 9.25
DCMDA AX-111535516 5A 472992590 7.54E-04 9.53
DCMDA AX-111143393 5A 482718686 8.05E-04 9.44
DCMDA AX-109380722 5B 529685281 8.53E-04 9.36
DCMDA AX-110580320 5B 530710510 8.53E-04 9.36
DCMDA AX-109838452 5D 326399860 7.44E-04 9.55
DCMDA AX-109965566 5D 436259115 8.53E-04 9.36
DCMDA AX-110004502 5D 436349933 8.53E-04 9.36
DCMDA AX-109871677 6B 141106849 5.78E-04 9.91
DCMDA AX-111113507 6B 526329089 8.53E-05 12.68
DCMDA AX-110490551 6D 109865642 1.61E-04 12.26
DCMDA AX-108936564 6D 152266122 5.42E-04 9.99
DCMDA AX-108855910 6D 198139176 5.42E-04 9.99
DCMDA AX-109892640 7A 686243498 4.34E-04 10.30
DCSOD AX-110899429 2D 487313590 1.59E-04 9.49
DCSOD AX-111053961 3B 567384971 2.72E-06 21.11
DCSOD AX-110177050 3D 17152069 5.38E-04 7.90
DCSOD AX-111501818 3D 35045070 2.04E-06 18.11
DCSOD AX-110931772 3D 380974058 1.24E-04 9.81
DCSOD AX-110497944 4A 623443281 3.09E-04 8.62
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