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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 3005-3012.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55021

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Differences in oil and sucrose content of peanuts in ecological regions at different altitudes and association study of sucrose content

GUO Jian-Bin1(), YUAN Xiao-Yan2, FU Ming-Lian2, CHEN Wei-Gang1, LUO Huai-Yong1, LIU Nian1, HUANG Li1, ZHOU Xiao-Jing1, JIANG Hui-Fang1, LIAO Bo-Shou1, LEI Yong1,*()   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2 Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Accepted:2025-07-09 Online:2025-11-12 Published:2025-07-14
  • Contact: *E-mail: leiyong@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200201);National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163);Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province(HBZY2023B00305);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13-Germplasm Resource Evaluation)

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Abstract:

Oil content and sucrose content are the most important quality traits for oil-use and edible peanuts, respectively. Cultivating peanuts in high-altitude, cooler regions is an important strategy to expand planting areas and enhance production capacity. To investigate the effects of altitude on peanut oil and sucrose contents, a total of 404 peanut germplasms were planted in Wuhan and Kunming over two consecutive years, and their oil and sucrose contents were measured. The results showed that peanuts grown in high-altitude regions had decreased oil content and increased sucrose content, with the increase in sucrose being much greater than the reduction in oil. Comparative analysis revealed that no accessions with high sucrose content (> 5%) were found in the Wuhan environment, while only three accessions showed stable and high oil content across both altitudes, indicating their potential as elite parents for breeding oil-use varieties adapted to high-altitude regions. The effects of altitude on oil and sucrose contents varied among accessions with different botanical types and seed sizes, with large-seeded accessions being more sensitive to altitude-related ecological factors than small-seeded ones. Additionally, an association study for sucrose content identified four significant SSR markers, explaining 5.85%-7.68% of the phenotypic variation, located on chromosomes A09, B01, B05, and B09. Notably, when compared with our previous oil content association study, the marker pPGPseq8D9, significantly associated with oil content, was also located on chromosome A09, though at a different position 10.45 Mb for sucrose and 119.60 Mb for oil. These findings highlight that altitude significantly affects key quality traits such as oil and sucrose content. Therefore, the influence of high-altitude ecological conditions on peanut quality should be carefully considered in production. The substantial increase in sucrose content makes high-altitude regions favorable for developing edible peanut varieties, whereas the development of oil-use varieties in such regions should prioritize selecting genotypes with stable and high oil content to mitigate the negative impact of altitude.

Key words: peanut, altitude, oil content, sucrose content, association study

Fig. 1

Phenotypic distribution of oil and sucrose content in peanut accessions across different environments 2021WH: 2021 Wuhan; 2022 WH: 2022 Wuhan; 2021KM: 2021 Kunming; 2022KM: 2022 Kunming."

Table 1

Statistical analysis of oil and sucrose content in peanut germplasms"

性状
Trait		 年份
Year		 地点
Location		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 夏皮洛-威尔克
W (P-value)
含油量
Oil content (%)		 2021 武汉 Wuhan 46.44 59.25 52.65 1.86 3.53 -0.03 0.68 0.994 (0.197)
昆明 Kunming 44.87 57.20 51.48 2.26 4.40 0.03 -0.25 0.997 (0.831)
2022 武汉 Wuhan 47.45 56.58 52.83 1.28 2.43 -0.11 1.15 0.988 (0.008)
昆明 Kunming 45.26 54.83 51.33 1.63 3.17 -0.70 0.89 0.967 (0)
蔗糖含量
Sucrose content (%)
 2021 武汉 Wuhan 0.20 4.82 1.83 0.64 34.92 0.59 1.20 0.987 (0.005)
昆明 Kunming 1.28 10.52 6.03 1.27 21.13 0.09 0.42 0.996 (0.612)
2022 武汉 Wuhan 0.41 4.48 1.98 0.55 27.75 0.41 1.43 0.984 (0.001)
昆明 Kunming 3.29 8.92 5.60 0.99 17.68 0.22 0.12 0.995 (0.379)

Table 2

Accessions with relatively stable and high oil content under different altitudes"

编号No. 品种名称
Cultivar		 植物学类型
Botanical type		 百仁重
Hundred-seed weight (g)		 含油量 Oil content (%)
2021 2022
武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming
W143 豫花9326 Yuhua 9326 普通型 Virginia type 85.37 56.26 54.89 55.13 54.64
W301 ZJ8 珍珠豆型 Spanish type 72.59 57.67 54.94 55.00 54.02
W303 ZJ12 珍珠豆型 Spanish type 89.01 57.06 56.54 55.78 54.02

Fig 2

Comparison of oil and sucrose content among peanut accessions with difference botancial type at different altitudes ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 probability level."

Table 3

Comparison of oil and sucrose content among peanut accessions with seed sizes under different altitudes"

百仁重
HSW (g)		 含油量Oil content (%) 蔗糖含量Sucrose content (%)
武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 差异显著性
Significance of difference		 武汉
Wuhan		 昆明
Kunming		 差异显著性
Significance of difference
≤ 50 51.89±1.44 51.79±1.58 0.10 1.90±0.59 5.40±0.93 -3.50**
50-80 52.49±1.35 51.35±1.51 1.14** 1.88±0.52 5.71±0.99 -3.83**
80-100 53.30±1.14 51.47±1.63 1.83** 1.95±0.41 6.01±0.82 -4.06**
≥ 100 53.70±0.88 51.16±1.56 2.54** 1.90±0.44 6.27±0.93 -4.37**

Fig. 3

Effects of sucrose content on individuals with different alleles Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. 210:210, 214:214 and 220:220 represent different alleles of the sucrose content associated marker AHGS1228, respectively; other associated markers are similar. Boxes labeled with different letters indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s multiple comparison test (P < 0.05)."

Table 4

Marker-trait associations across four environments for sucrose content"

环境
Environment		 关联标记
Associated marker		 物理位置
Physical position (Mb)		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value		 贡献率
PVE (%)		 优异等位基因
Favorable allele
2021KM AHGS1228 B05 (151.00) 10.88 3.01E-05 7.68 AHGS1228-210 bp
AHGS1283 A09 (10.45) 10.21 5.66E-05 7.58 AHGS1283-280 bp
2022KM AGGS1056 B01 (18.67) 10.40 4.50E-05 6.46 AGGS1056-212 bp
2022WH AHGS1901 B09 (55.47) 16.34 7.02E-05 5.85 AHGS1901-251 bp
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