氮肥与钾肥运筹对弱筋小麦籽粒产量、品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41067

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on the yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat and to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield, high-quality production, a field experiment was conducted during the wheat growing seasons from 2022 to 2024 using Baihumai 1 and Wanximai 0638 as experimental materials. Four nitrogen application levels were applied: N0 (0 kg hm^-2), N10 (150 kg hm^-2), N12 (180 kg hm^-2), and N14 (210 kg hm^-2), along with three basal-to-topdressing nitrogen ratios: F1 (8:2), F2 (7:3), and F3 (6:4). Potassium fertilizer was applied at 150 kg hm^-2 with two treatments: a one-time basal application (K1) and a split application with a basal-to-topdressing ratio of 5:5 (K2). The study examined the effects of these treatments on tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, nitrogen accumulation, yield components, grain protein content, and wet gluten content of weak-gluten wheat. The results showed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management significantly influenced wheat growth and development. Tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and plant nitrogen accumulation increased with higher nitrogen application rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. Under the same nitrogen application rate and topdressing proportion, potassium topdressing resulted in higher tiller numbers and greater dry matter accumulation compared to a one-time basal application. Additionally, the nitrogen application rate, topdressing proportion, and potassium topdressing significantly affected yield-related traits, including thousand-grain weight, grains per spike, number of spikes, and overall yield, all of which increased with higher nitrogen rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. When potassium fertilizer was topdressed rather than applied as a single basal dose, these yield components were further enhanced. Grain protein content and wet gluten content also increased with higher nitrogen application rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. Among fertilization treatments that met national standards for high-quality weak-gluten wheat, the N12K2F2 treatment resulted in an average increase of 7.3% and 12.3% in dry matter accumulation at flowering and maturity stages, respectively, compared to N12K1F2. Additionally, post-flowering dry matter production and its contribution to grain yield increased by 19.0% and 7.7%, respectively, while nitrogen accumulation improved by 13.5%. Compared to N0K2, the N12K2F2 treatment increased thousand-grain weight, grains per spike, number of spikes, and yield by 6.7%, 86.8%, 25.1%, and 152.7%, respectively. Relative to N12K1F2, these parameters increased by 1.6%, 5.5%, 4.6%, and 12.6%, respectively. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the optimal fertilization strategy for simultaneously improving weak-gluten wheat yield and quality was a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm^-2, a basal-to-topdressing ratio of 7:3, and topdressed potassium fertilizer at the jointing stage.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer operation, potassium fertilizer application, weak gluten wheat, yield, quality

ZHAO Jia-Wen, LI Zi-Hong, OU Xing-Yu, WANG Yi-Lang, DING Xiao-Fei, LIANG Yue-Yao, DING Wen-Jin, ZHANG Hai-Peng, MA Shang-Yu, FAN Yong-Hui, HUANG Zheng-Lai, ZHANG Wen-Jing. Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1914-1933.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Table 1

Analysis of variance on the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on the tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen accumulation of weak-gluten wheat"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1
		茎蘖动态 Dynamics of tillering			干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation			氮素积累 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm^-2)
		拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturing stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturing stage	氮素积累 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm^-2)
2022-2023	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	**	NS	**	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	NS	NS	**	**	**	**
	N×F	NS	NS	NS	**	*	**	**
	N×K	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	**	**
	K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
	N×K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*	**
2023-2024	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	NS	*	**	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	NS	NS	*	**	**	**	**
	N×F	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	**	**
	N×K	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS	*
	K×F	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS	*
	N×K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
		茎蘖动态 Dynamics of tillering			干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation			氮素积累 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm^-2)
		拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturing stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturing stage	氮素积累 Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm^-2)
2022-2023	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	*	*	**	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	*	*	*	**	**	**	**
	N×F	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	**	**
	N×K	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
	K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
	N×K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
2023-2024	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	*	*	**	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	NS	*	**	**	**	**	**
	N×F	NS	NS	NS	**	**	**	**
	N×K	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**	**
	K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	N×K×F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on dry matter translocation of wheat and its contribution rate to grain yield (2022-2023)"

处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1
	花前干物质 Dry matter before anthesis			花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis
	PTA (kg hm^-2)	PTR (%)	CPT (%)	PAA (kg hm^-2)	CPA (%)
N0K1	771.59 h	24.54 i	25.93 ghi	1871.35 i	62.90 abcde
N0K2	759.44 h	21.88 i	22.25 i	2288.97 i	67.07 a
N10K1F1	2409.59 efg	44.17 bcd	40.55 acd	3291.24 h	55.38 efg
N10K1F2	2213.51 g	37.82 efg	32.43 cdefgh	4108.18 fg	60.19 abcdef
N10K1F3	2172.13 g	34.88 gh	28.35 fghi	4987.29 cd	65.09 abc
N10K2F1	2340.60 fg	40.30 cdef	36.12 bcdef	3934.67 fgh	60.72 abcdef
N10K2F2	2206.75 g	36.24 fgh	29.14 fghi	4877.23 cde	64.40 abcd
N10K2F3	2084.00 g	31.97 h	24.49 hi	5617.26 bc	66.01 ab
N12K1F1	3007.83 bcde	47.47 ab	46.38 a	3459.37 gh	53.34 fg
N12K1F2	3021.46 bcde	43.03 bcd	39.72 abcde	4321.12 def	56.80 defg
N12K1F3	2653.58 defg	35.30 gh	30.51 defghi	5616.26 bc	64.58 abc
N12K2F1	2982.28 bcde	42.93 bcd	40.76 abc	4313.11 def	58.94 bcdefg
N12K2F2	2879.11 cdef	39.71 defg	36.16 bcdef	4928.43 cde	61.91 abcde
N12K2F3	2517.59 defg	32.76 h	28.58 fghi	5783.81 b	65.67 ab
N14K1F1	3771.76 a	49.56 a	46.09 ab	4214.13 def	51.50 g
N14K1F2	3560.96 ab	44.04 bcd	40.53 abcd	4871.81 cde	55.46 efg
N14K1F3	3408.79 abc	40.90 cdef	36.83 abcdef	5799.84 b	62.66 abcde
N14K2F1	3577.03 ab	45.17 abc	41.12 abc	4986.75 cd	57.32 cdefg
N14K2F2	3497.50 abc	41.57 cde	35.88 cdefg	5861.74 b	60.13 abcdef
N14K2F3	3152.92 abcd	35.21 gh	30.11 efghi	6782.26 a	64.77 abc
施氮量 N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**
追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	*	**	**	**	**
钾肥追施 Potassium top dressing (K)	NS	**	**	**	**
N × F	NS	**	NS	**	NS
N × K	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
处理 Treatment	皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
	花前干物质 Dry matter before anthesis			花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis
	PTA (kg hm^-2)	PTR (%)	CPT (%)	PAA (kg hm^-2)	CPA (%)
N0K1	752.58 i	27.52 ij	25.74 cdefgh	2105.78 l	72.02 b
N0K2	663.82 i	21.16 k	16.91 gh	3097.96 k	78.91 a
N10K1F1	1717.54 efgh	38.11 bcd	29.24 bcdef	3556.54 jk	60.55 defg
N10K1F2	1589.22 fgh	33.29 defg	24.35 defgh	4046.75 hij	62.01 cdef
N10K1F3	1467.67 gh	28.41 ghi	20.13 fgh	4987.25 def	68.39 bc
N10K2F1	1603.01 fgh	32.26 efghi	26.77 cdefg	3814.67 ij	63.71 cdef
N10K2F2	1447.09 gh	27.30 ij	20.76 fgh	4523.27 fgh	64.89 cde
N10K2F3	1284.82 h	22.88 jk	16.22 h	5478.83 bcd	69.16 bc
N12K1F1	2369.14 bcd	41.81 ab	37.96 ab	3674.95 ij	58.88 efg
N12K1F2	2241.86 cde	36.73 bcdef	32.12 abcde	4162.62 hi	59.64 defg
N12K1F3	2205.27 cde	33.59 def	27.18 cdefg	5260.75 cde	64.84 cde
N12K2F1	2182.49 cde	35.62 cdef	29.96 abcdef	4376.84 gh	60.08 defg
N12K2F2	2115.86 cdef	32.75 efgh	28.08 bcdef	4783.15 efg	63.49 cdef
N12K2F3	1919.60 defg	27.78 hij	21.71 efgh	5878.37 ab	66.47 bcd
N14K1F1	3135.28 a	45.58 a	39.67 a	3836.57 ij	48.54 h
N14K1F2	2986.21 a	40.94 ab	34.37 abcd	4951.80 ef	57.00 fg
N14K1F3	2887.24 ab	37.41 bcde	28.61 bcdef	5483.85 bcd	54.35 gh
N14K2F1	2924.38 ab	40.61 abc	34.95 abc	4516.99 fgh	53.98 gh
N14K2F2	2860.42 ab	37.00 bcdef	28.68 bcdef	5715.61 bc	57.31 fg
N14K2F3	2597.83 abc	31.83 fghi	24.56 cdefgh	6308.31 a	59.63 defg
施氮量 N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**
追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	NS	**	**	**	**
钾肥追施 Potassium top dressing (K)	*	**	**	**	**
N × F	NS	*	NS	**	NS
N × K	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on dry matter translocation of wheat and its contribution rate to grain yield (2023-2024)"

处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1
	花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis			花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
	PTA (kg hm^-2)	PTR (%)	CPT (%)	PAA (kg hm^-2)	CPA (%)
N0K1	859.03 h	37.55 ghi	37.67 bcde	1401.65 l	61.46 b
N0K2	652.87 h	27.44 k	20.25 j	2486.56 k	77.12 a
N10K1F1	1892.38 efg	46.81 bcde	40.73 abcd	2487.85 k	53.54 bcde
N10K1F2	1702.74 g	39.36 fghi	31.10 efghi	3243.96 ghi	59.25 bc
N10K1F3	1576.92 g	33.99 ij	23.73 ij	3983.30 def	59.93 bc
N10K2F1	1811.67 fg	41.98 defg	35.88 cdef	2898.93 ijk	57.42 bcd
N10K2F2	1672.92 g	35.99 hij	24.39 hij	4035.69 de	58.84 bc
N10K2F3	1540.54 g	31.44 jk	20.46 j	4661.21 bc	61.92 b
N12K1F1	2500.28 bcd	51.12 ab	44.95 ab	2558.22 jk	45.99 ef
N12K1F2	2478.33 bcd	47.03 bcde	31.82 efgh	3496.35 fgh	44.89 ef
N12K1F3	2336.18 cde	41.46 efgh	26.52 hij	4237.15 cd	48.10 def
N12K2F1	2491.68 bcd	46.96 bcde	43.00 abc	3048.94 hij	52.62 bcde
N12K2F2	2390.69 bcd	42.50 defg	28.91 fhi	4188.74 cde	50.66 cde
N12K2F3	2252.82 def	36.79 ghij	24.59 hij	4976.59 b	54.32 bcde
N14K1F1	3102.05 a	54.79 a	45.96 a	2671.60 jk	39.58 f
N14K1F2	2900.82 ab	49.34 bc	34.66 defg	3671.09 efg	43.87 ef
N14K1F3	2825.93 abc	44.46 cdef	27.10 ghij	4699.59 bc	45.07 ef
N14K2F1	2772.98 abcd	47.68 bcd	38.12 bcde	3444.84 gh	47.36 def
N14K2F2	2766.34 abcd	44.47 cdef	30.66 efghi	4477.08 bcd	49.62 cdef
N14K2F3	2603.96 abcd	38.32 ghi	23.77 ij	5522.21 a	50.41 cde
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**
追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	*	**	**	**	NS
钾肥追施 Potassium top dressing (K)	*	**	**	**	**
N × F	NS	**	**	**	NS
N × K	NS	*	**	NS	**
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
处理 Treatment	皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
	花前干物质Dry matter before anthesis			花后干物质Dry matter after anthesis
	PTA (kg hm^-2)	PTR (%)	CPT (%)	PAA (kg hm^-2)	CPA (%)
N0K1	953.96 f	43.15 de	45.81 a	1062.37 l	51.01 e
N0K2	919.41 f	38.39 fg	36.22 bcd	1539.31 l	60.65 abcde
N10K1F1	1483.41 cde	45.97 d	36.92 bcd	2386.04 k	59.39 bcde
N10K1F2	1346.65 ef	37.94 fgh	26.49 gh	3316.52 ij	65.24 abcd
N10K1F3	1263.21 ef	33.47 hi	21.64 hi	4096.83 fgh	70.19 ab
N10K2F1	1383.12 def	40.03 ef	25.39 gh	3653.88 hij	67.07 abc
N10K2F2	1313.98 ef	33.96 gh	21.26 hi	4321.87 fg	69.92 ab
N10K2F3	1232.96 ef	29.60 i	15.56 i	5673.98 bcd	71.61 a
N12K1F1	2035.42 b	50.44 bc	37.20 bc	3186.28 j	58.23 cde
N12K1F2	1938.81 bc	45.64 d	30.06 cdefg	4103.37 fgh	63.61 abcd
N12K1F3	1886.66 bc	40.09 ef	24.32 gh	5133.56 de	66.18 abc
N12K2F1	1931.81 bc	44.00 de	27.95 efgh	4200.98 fgh	60.77 abcde
N12K2F2	1845.69 bc	37.99 fgh	23.02 gh	5224.73 d	65.16 abcd
N12K2F3	1794.27 bcd	35.59 fgh	20.66 hi	5863.96 bc	67.53 abc
N14K1F1	2809.87 a	56.81 a	39.53 ab	3872.56 ghi	54.49 de
N14K1F2	2716.42 a	51.29 bc	33.75 bcdef	4595.34 ef	57.10 cde
N14K1F3	2606.30 a	45.22 d	26.83 fgh	6159.44 b	63.41 abcd
N14K2F1	2780.64 a	52.19 b	34.83 bcde	4388.05 fg	54.97 de
N14K2F2	2677.69 a	47.39 cd	29.85 defg	5464.60 cd	60.93 abcde
N14K2F3	2513.32 a	40.26 ef	22.25 hi	7295.32 a	64.58 abcd
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**	**
追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	NS	**	**	**	**
钾肥追施 Potassium top dressing (K)	NS	**	**	**	**
N × F	NS	**	*	**	NS
N × K	NS	NS	NS	**	NS
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 3

Fig. 5

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on wheat yield and its component factors (2022-2023)"

处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1
处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
N0K1	34.09 l	23.48 e	371.67 h	2975.19 l
N0K2	34.45 kl	25.19 e	395.00 gh	3412.88 l
N10K1F1	34.49 kl	41.90 d	411.67 fgh	5943.00 k
N10K1F2	35.97 ghi	42.67 cd	445.00 efg	6825.25 ij
N10K1F3	36.75 defg	45.14 abcd	463.33 def	7661.81 gh
N10K2F1	35.28 ij	42.86 cd	431.67 fg	6480.45 jk
N10K2F2	36.65 defg	46.33 abcd	446.67 efg	7573.42 gh
N10K2F3	36.74 defg	49.33 ab	470.00 cdef	8509.14 def
N12K1F1	35.01 jk	42.38 cd	438.33 fg	6485.41 jk
N12K1F2	36.10 efgh	45.10 abcd	468.33 cdef	7607.71 gh
N12K1F3	36.88 de	47.10 abcd	503.33 bcde	8696.63 de
N12K2F1	35.67 hij	46.00 abcd	446.67 efg	7317.38 hi
N12K2F2	36.83 de	46.62 abcd	465.00 cdef	7961.20 fg
N12K2F3	37.19 cd	47.24 abcd	505.00 bcde	8807.99 cde
N14K1F1	36.01 fghi	44.00 bcd	516.67 abcd	8182.80 efg
N14K1F2	36.87 de	45.81 abcd	526.67 abc	8875.09 cd
N14K1F3	37.87 bc	46.14 abc	535.00 ab	9346.04 bc
N14K2F1	36.80 def	46.05 abcd	515.00 abcd	8699.81 de
N14K2F2	37.70 a	47.76 ab	541.67 ab	9748.26 b
N14K2F3	38.02 ab	48.67 a	566.67 a	10471.69 a
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	**	*	**	**
钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	**	NS	**
N × F	**	NS	NS	**
N × K	NS	NS	NS	NS
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
处理 Treatment	皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
N0K1	35.62 i	20.33 g	405.00 h	2923.79 k
N0K2	36.87 h	25.90 f	411.67 h	3925.94 j
N10K1F1	37.23 h	38.10 e	415.00 gh	5874.04 i
N10K1F2	38.52 fg	39.86 de	425.00 fgh	6525.62 ghi
N10K1F3	39.02 cdef	41.71 cde	450.00 efgh	7291.90 efg
N10K2F1	37.48 gh	38.00 e	421.67 fgh	5987.91 i
N10K2F2	38.54 fg	41.05 de	441.67 efgh	6971.16 fgh
N10K2F3	39.92 abcde	42.76 bcde	465.00 def	7921.47 cde
N12K1F1	38.52 fg	38.38 e	423.33 fgh	6241.85 hi
N12K1F2	38.87 def	40.52 de	445.00 efgh	6979.95 fgh
N12K1F3	39.00 cdef	41.38 cde	475.00 cde	7688.90 def
N12K2F1	38.74 ef	40.76 de	461.67 defg	7285.44 efg
N12K2F2	40.26 abc	42.57 cde	468.33 cdef	8053.53 bcde
N12K2F3	40.31 abc	43.29 bcd	506.67 bcd	8843.31 b
N14K1F1	39.06 cdef	41.43 cde	488.33 cde	7903.51 cde
N14K1F2	39.65 bcdef	42.81 bcde	513.33 abc	8687.34 bc
N14K1F3	40.42 ab	46.57 a	536.67 ab	10089.95 a
N14K2F1	39.63 bcdef	43.62 bcd	485.00 cde	8368.50 bcd
N14K2F2	40.09 abcd	45.95 abc	541.67 ab	9972.85 a
N14K2F3	41.18 a	46.29 ab	555.00 a	10579.07 a
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	**	**	**	**
钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	**	*	**
N × F	**	NS	NS	**
N × K	NS	*	NS	*
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on wheat yield and its component factors (2023-2024)"

处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1
处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
N0K1	36.26 defg	22.78 d	280.01 f	2280.53 m
N0K2	37.06 bcdef	27.67 d	325.02 ef	3224.16 l
N10K1F1	33.66 h	42.33 c	327.52 ef	4646.55 k
N10K1F2	36.10 efg	42.56 c	357.52 def	5475.42 ij
N10K1F3	37.06 bcdef	46.89 abc	392.52 cde	6646.54 h
N10K2F1	33.69 h	42.67 c	353.35 def	5048.81 jk
N10K2F2	36.14 defg	46.67 abc	407.52 cde	6858.33 gh
N10K2F3	37.07 bcdef	48.67 abc	417.52 bcd	7527.86 ef
N12K1F1	34.61 gh	43.44 c	370.02 cde	5562.06 i
N12K1F2	37.02 bcdef	50.33 abc	420.02 bcd	7789.09 e
N12K1F3	38.44 abc	52.33 ab	447.52 abc	8808.65 c
N12K2F1	34.89 gh	44.00 bc	377.52 cde	5794.41 i
N12K2F2	37.26 bcdef	52.56 ab	422.52 abcd	8268.34 d
N12K2F3	38.28 abc	52.89 a	452.52 abc	9161.35 c
N14K1F1	35.55 fg	46.67 abc	407.52 cde	6749.92 h
N14K1F2	37.60 bcde	52.11 ab	427.52 abcd	8368.33 d
N14K1F3	38.71 ab	54.67 a	495.02 ab	10426.60 b
N14K2F1	36.81 cdef	48.22 abc	410.02 cde	7273.98 fg
N14K2F2	37.98 bcd	52.78 a	455.02 abc	9023.18 c
N14K2F3	39.84 a	54.67 a	505.03 a	10954.67 a
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	**	**	**	**
钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	*	*	*	**
N × F	**	NS	NS	**
N × K	NS	NS	NS	*
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
处理 Treatment	皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
N0K1	32.82 e	20.44 g	310.02 h	2082.53 m
N0K2	34.65 de	22.89 g	320.02 gh	2538.06 m
N10K1F1	35.37 cde	36.44 f	316.68 gh	4017.36 l
N10K1F2	35.72 bce	40.78 def	350.02 fgh	5083.38 k
N10K1F3	36.83 abcd	43.00 cde	370.02 efgh	5836.42 ijk
N10K2F1	35.66 bcde	39.89 ef	387.52 cdefgh	5447.93 jk
N10K2F2	35.91 bcde	44.67 bcde	387.52 cdefgh	6181.57 hij
N10K2F3	37.43 abcd	45.11 abcde	470.03 bc	7923.00 de
N12K1F1	35.96 bcde	40.11 ef	382.52 defgh	5472.28 jk
N12K1F2	38.04 abc	43.56 bcde	392.52 cdefg	6450.37 ghi
N12K1F3	38.19 abc	45.67 abcde	447.52 bcde	7757.34 ef
N12K2F1	37.33 abcd	47.33 abcd	395.02 cdefg	6912.51 gh
N12K2F2	38.10 abc	47.56 abcd	445.02 bcde	8018.68 de
N12K2F3	38.96 ab	48.89 abc	457.53 bcd	8682.92 cd
N14K1F1	36.31 abcd	47.56 abcd	412.52 cdef	7107.56 fg
N14K1F2	38.37 abc	49.11 abc	425.02 bcdef	7987.55 de
N14K1F3	38.86 ab	50.11 ab	497.53 ab	9653.03 b
N14K2F1	38.53 abc	48.89 abc	425.02 bcdef	7983.01 de
N14K2F2	38.71 ab	49.56 abc	470.03 bc	8969.04 bc
N14K2F3	39.31 a	51.89 a	555.03 a	11296.63 a
施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
追氮比例N topdressing ratio (F)	*	*	**	**
钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	**	**	**
N × F	NS	NS	NS	**
N × K	NS	NS	NS	**
K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS
N × K × F	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

References 52

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Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	白湖麦1号 BHM 1		皖西麦0638 WXM 0638
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content	蛋白质含量 Protein content	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content
2022-2023	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	**	**	**
	N × F	**	**	**	**
	N × K	NS	NS	NS	NS
	K × F	NS	NS	**	NS
	N × K × F	NS	NS	**	NS
2023-2024	施氮量N level (N)	**	**	**	**
	追氮比例 N topdressing ratio (F)	**	**	**	**
	钾肥追施Potassium top dressing (K)	**	**	**	**
	N × F	**	**	**	**
	N × K	NS	NS	**	**
	K × F	NS	NS	*	**
	N × K × F	*	**	*	*

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