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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2358-2370.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54043

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity analysis of domestic albino tea germplasm resources based on the tea plant liquid phase functional chip

MEI Piao1**(), LIU Ding-Ding1**(), YE Yuan-Yuan1, ZHANG Chen-Yu1, DING Shi-Qi1, LI Ya-Qi2, WANG Pei-Xin1, MEI Ju-Fen2,*(), MA Chun-Lei1,*()   

  1. 1Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
    2Wuxi Tea Breeding Research Co., Ltd. / Tea Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Accepted:2025-06-01 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-06-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: malei220@tricaas.com; E-mail: meijufen@sina.com E-mail:2635718002@qq.com;liudingding@tricaas.com;malei220@tricaas.com;meijufen@sina.com
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ24C160003);Taihu Light Science and Technology Research Program of Wuxi(N20231002);Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding-Tea Plant(2021C02067-6);Fundamental Research Fund for Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610212022009)

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Abstract:

In this study, a self-developed high-density liquid-phase functional chip for tea plants was employed to genotype the major albino tea germplasms in China. Based on genetic similarity analyses, 61 core accessions were selected for genetic diversity assessment. Phylogenetic tree construction and population structure analysis revealed that these albino tea resources could be classified into three main groups, with their distribution closely associated with geographical origins and breeding histories. Principal Component Analysis further indicated that most albino tea accessions in China originate from Zhejiang province. Compared with the rich genetic resources of conventional tea germplasms in China, albino tea plants exhibit relatively limited genetic diversity, underscoring the need and potential for genetic improvement through breeding. Additionally, the quality components of 30 representative albino tea accessions were analyzed. Caffeine content ranged from 2.26% to 4.17%, with an average of 3.51%; total amino acid content varied from 1.85% to 7.54%, with a mean of 4.33%; and total catechin content ranged from 8.63% to 16.68%, averaging 13.28%. Compared to conventional green tea cultivars, most albino tea accessions exhibited higher amino acid levels and lower alkaloid and catechin contents, making them promising raw materials for the production of high-quality green tea. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic structure and diversity of major albino tea germplasms in China and demonstrates the effectiveness of the liquid-phase functional chip in tea germplasm and cultivar identification. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the innovative utilization and genetic improvement of albino tea resources.

Key words: albino tea cultivars, liquid chip, genotyping, genetic diversity, biochemical components

Table 1

Sample ID, name, and origin of 71 albino tea germplasm accessions"

编号ID 资源名称Resources 来源Origin 编号ID 资源名称Resources 来源Origin
BJG 白鸡冠 Baijiguan 福建 Fujian HYB 黄叶宝 Huangyebao 浙江 Zhejiang
HJJu 黄金菊 Huangjinju 江西 Jiangxi CP260 CP260 浙江 Zhejiang
JF1H 金凤1号 Jinfeng 1 四川 Sichuan TTBC 天台白茶 Tiantaibaicha 浙江 Zhejiang
JF2H 金凤2号 Jinfeng 2 四川 Sichuan YXBC 越乡白茶 Yuexiangbaicha 浙江 Zhejiang
Y1 YNBH01 云南 Yunnan ZC211 中茶211 Zhongcha 211 浙江 Zhejiang
Y2 YNBH02 云南 Yunnan ZH1H 中黄1号 Zhonghuang 1 浙江 Zhejiang
Y3 YNBH03 云南 Yunnan ZH2H 中黄2号 Zhonghuang 2 浙江 Zhejiang
Y4 YNBH04 云南 Yunnan ZH3H 中黄3号 Zhonghuang 3 浙江 Zhejiang
Y5 YNBH05 云南 Yunnan ZH4H 中黄4号 Zhonghuang 4 浙江 Zhejiang
BHD 白蝴蝶 Baihudie 浙江 Zhejiang BY1H 白叶1号 Baiye 1 浙江 Zhejiang
DLHC 大龙黄茶 Dalong Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang TSH 泰上黄 Taishanghuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HB1H 杭白1号 Hangbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang ZCB 早春白 Zaochunbai 浙江 Zhejiang
HB2H 杭白2号 Hangbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang LJHC 龙井黄茶 Longjin Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
HJXY 黄金雪芽 Huangjinxueya 浙江 Zhejiang QNX 千年雪 Qiannianxue 浙江 Zhejiang
HYJ3H 黄金芽3号 Huangjinya 3 浙江 Zhejiang BJY 白金芽 Baijinya 浙江 Zhejiang
YSBC 迎霜白茶Yingshuang Baicha 浙江 Zhejiang XXY 小雪芽 Xiaoxueya 浙江Zhejiang
JYMT 金玉满堂Jinyu Mantang 浙江 Zhejiang JXB 金香白 Jinxiangbai 浙江 Zhejiang
RXYH 瑞雪1号 Ruixue 1 浙江 Zhejiang YYB 圆叶白 Yuanyebai 浙江 Zhejiang
HJH 黄金毫 Huangjinhao 浙江 Zhejiang JB 极白 Jibai 浙江 Zhejiang
ZJH 醉金红 Zuijinhong 浙江 Zhejiang YJX 郁金香 Yujinxiang 浙江 Zhejiang
JB1H 景白1号 Jingbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang AJHC 安吉黄茶 Anji Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
JB2H 景白2号 Jingbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang SZYH 嵊州越黄 Shengzhou Yuehuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HJJ 黄金甲 Huangjinjia 浙江 Zhejiang HJYe 黄金叶 Huangjinye 浙江 Zhejiang
SB1H 嵊白1号 Shengbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang ZB1H 中白1号 Zhongbai 1 浙江 Zhejiang
LB1H 丽白1号 Libai 1 浙江 Zhejiang LDHC 莲都黄茶 Liandu Huangcha 浙江 Zhejiang
LH3H 丽黄3号 Lihuang 3 浙江 Zhejiang LH1H 丽黄1号 Lihuang 1 浙江 Zhejiang
YHY 玉皇芽 Yuhuangya 浙江 Zhejiang WNZH 乌牛早黄 Wuniu Zaohuang 浙江 Zhejiang
HJY 黄金芽 Huangjinya 浙江 Zhejiang WNB 乌牛白 Wuniubai 浙江 Zhejiang
HPX 黄袍香 Huangpaoxiang 浙江 Zhejiang JB3H 景白3号 Jingbai 3 浙江 Zhejiang
HT 黄汤 Huangtang 浙江 Zhejiang WNH 乌牛黄 Wuniuhuang 浙江 Zhejiang
NYBC 奶油白茶 Naiyou Baicha 浙江 Zhejiang ZNH 早奶黄 Zaonaihuang 浙江 Zhejiang
SJNB 水晶奶白 Shuijing Naibai 浙江 Zhejiang ZNB 早奶白 Zaonaibai 浙江 Zhejiang
SB2H 嵊白2号 Shengbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang TZJH 特早极黄 Tezao Jihuang 浙江 Zhejiang
SJB 水晶白 Shuijingbai 浙江 Zhejiang LOH1H 龙虎1号 Longhu 1 浙江 Zhejiang
XYNB 小叶奶白 Xiaoye Naibai 浙江 Zhejiang BPP2H 北坪棚2号 Beipingpeng 2 未知 Unknown
TTB2H 梯田白2号 Titianbai 2 浙江 Zhejiang

Fig. 1

New shoots of selected albino tea accessions Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Evaluation results of the 40K liquid-phase functional chip for tea plants A: density of SNPs; B: sequencing depth of SNPs; C: the MAF distribution statistics of SNPs; D: annotation results of SNP location."

Fig. 3

GO and KEGG enrichment analysis A: results of GO Enrichment analysis; B: results of KEGG Enrichment. MF: molecular function; BP: biological process; CC: cellular component."

Fig. 4

Genetic similarity analysis among albino tea germplasm Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Genetic diversity analysis of albino tea germplasm resources Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. A: statistical analysis of PIC value; B: 61 phylogenetic trees of albino tea germplasms; C: population genetic structure of 61 albino tea germplasm."

Fig. 6

PCA of main albino tea resources and 3272 tea germplasms from major tea-producing provinces in China The red part represents the germplasm resources of albino tea trees, and the gray part represents the tea germplasm resources of 3272 accessions in the National Tea Germplasm Repository."

Fig. 7

Analysis of quality components in selected albino tea germplasm resources Fig. A: total content of major biochemical components; Fig. B: content of major amino acid components; Fig. C: content of major catechin components; Fig. D: content of major alkaloids. C: catechin; EC: epicatechin; ECG: epicatechin gallate; EGC: epigallocatechin; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; GC: gallocatechin; CAF: caffeine; TB: theobromine."

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