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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 1838-1849.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44219

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of ionic zinc and nano-zinc on physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of potato

LI Qiu-Yun1,2(), LI Shi-Gui1,2, FAN Jun-Liang1,2, LIU Hao-Tian2,3, ZHAO Xiao-Bin1,2, LYU Shuo1,2, WANG Yan-Hao1,2, YUE Yun4, ZHANG Ning1,2,*(), SI Huai-Jun1,2   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4Gansu Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Institute, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-12-28 Accepted:2025-03-26 Online:2025-07-12 Published:2025-04-03
  • Contact: *E-mail: ningzh@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China (Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Quality and Efficiency Improvement of Seed Potato Propagation in Cold Regions of Weiyuan County)(2022YFD1602103)

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different zinc fertilizer types and application methods on potato growth, yield, and quality, field experiments were conducted in 2023 and 2024 using the potato variety ‘Longshu 14’. Six treatments were applied: CK (no zinc fertilizer), T1 (basal application of ZnSO4·7H2O, 30 kg hm-2), T2 (foliar spraying of 0.3% ZnSO4·7H2O + 0.05% urea), T3 (seed dressing with 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc), T4 (seed dressing with 20 mg L-1 nano-zinc), and T5 (foliar spraying of 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc). The results showed that both ionic zinc and nano-zinc fertilizers significantly increased leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD values) compared to CK during the tuber formation and bulking stages. During the tuber bulking and starch accumulation stages, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly enhanced under ionic zinc and nano-zinc treatments. Additionally, all zinc treatments led to a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) levels. During the tuber bulking stage, tuber dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in the zinc-treated groups than in CK. All zinc treatments increased potato yield and the proportion of large and medium-sized tubers compared to CK. The highest yield increase was observed under T5 (foliar spraying of 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc), reaching 52,947.25 kg hm-2 in 2024. Furthermore, this treatment significantly enhanced tuber starch content, vitamin C content, zinc concentration, and total tuber zinc accumulation compared to CK (P < 0.05). In conclusion, foliar spraying of 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc and spraying a mixture of 0.3% ZnSO4·7H2O + 0.05% urea effectively promoted potato growth, improved photosynthetic performance, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings provide a scientific basis for the optimal selection and application of zinc fertilizers in potato production.

Key words: zinc fertilizer, potato, fertilization method, yield, quality

Fig. 1

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on potato plant height and stem diameter in 2024 CK: no application of zinc fertilizer; T1: basal application of ZnSO4·7H2O, 30 kg hm-2; T2: foliar spraying of a 0.3% ZnSO4·7H2O + 0.05% urea solution; T3: seed dressing with 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc; T4: seed dressing with 20 mg L-1 nano-zinc; T5: foliar spraying of 10 mg L-1 nano-zinc. Different lowercase letters within the same growth stage indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)."

Table 1

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on SPAD values of potato leaves in 2024"

处理
Treatment		 生育期Reproductive period
现蕾期
Squaring stage		 块茎形成期
Tuber formation stage		 块茎膨大期
Tuber bulking stage		 淀粉积累期
Starch accumulation stage
CK 39.79±0.75 c 36.23±0.10 d 33.14±0.70 c 31.93±0.99 b
T1 40.62±1.09 bc 37.44±0.36 c 35.23±0.89 b 32.81±0.83 ab
T2 40.87±1.41 bc 40.40±1.07 b 37.31±0.99 a 33.52±1.45 ab
T3 41.19±0.56 abc 38.31±0.20 c 36.66±0.91 ab 33.09±0.32 ab
T4 42.69±0.56 a 39.50±0.22 b 36.90±0.62 ab 33.13±0.67 ab
T5 42.18±0.44 ab 41.61±0.65 a 37.51±1.36 a 34.31±1.03 a

Table 2

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on photosynthesis of potato leaves in 2024"

生育期
Reproductive period		 处理
Treatment		 净光合速率
Pn (μmol m-2 s-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr (mmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs (mmol m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol m-2 s-1)
现蕾期
Squaring stage



 CK 14.95±1.56 a 2.90±0.66 a 230.17±30.75 b 305.03±12.81 a
T1 16.00±2.14 a 3.21±0.99 a 237.68±26.54 ab 307.23±8.66 a
T2 16.25±1.62 a 3.38±0.94 a 247.66±18.93 ab 299.70±17.72 a
T3 16.85±1.70 a 3.25±0.12 a 255.09±5.34 ab 303.60±10.37 a
T4 16.92±2.83 a 3.35±1.07 a 272.35±16.93 a 292.70±12.34 a
T5 16.20±1.21 a 3.75±0.45 a 254.62±11.24 ab 301.36±14.27 a
块茎形成期
Tuber formation stage


 CK 17.97±0.08 e 5.22±0.15 d 320.38±26.66 c 312.83±14.80 a
T1 18.08±0.06 de 5.54±0.36 cd 326.92±38.74 bc 317.53±15.01 a
T2 21.11±0.32 b 6.44±0.69 ab 365.85±7.15 ab 316.03±8.78 a
T3 18.66±0.21 d 5.77±0.18 cd 341.42±26.33 bc 318.83±13.18 a
T4 20.18±0.48 c 5.99±0.19 bc 355.07±10.98 bc 325.07±11.90 a
T5 21.88±0.66 a 6.81±0.15 a 399.29±4.62 a 333.40±2.08 a
块茎膨大期
Tuber bulking
stage


 CK 15.02±0.12 d 4.13±0.19 a 257.90±17.13 c 309.20±7.70 a
T1 15.49±0.14 cd 4.15±0.25 a 275.59±12.89 bc 310.2±11.00 a
T2 20.29±1.06 a 4.67±0.18 a 305.54±10.28 ab 308.03±6.43 a
T3 16.27±0.20 c 4.31±0.32 a 294.71±12.07 ab 308.10±13.52 a
T4 18.06±0.09 b 4.38±0.19 a 299.44±11.63 ab 298.83±14.65 a
T5 20.94±0.42 a 4.71±0.83 a 324.38±29.05 a 303.50±11.54 a
淀粉积累期
Starch accumulation stage

 CK 13.28±0.22 d 2.82±0.25 a 201.36±18.21 c 295.07±11.34 a
T1 13.80±0.54 cd 3.03±0.46 a 214.57±20.85 bc 295.17±10.56 a
T2 16.39±0.13 a 4.02±0.64 a 247.95±15.53 ab 281.43±6.73 ab
T3 14.08±0.75 bc 3.12±0.57 a 221.76±41.98 bc 284.4±6.70 ab
T4 14.79±0.20 b 3.83±0.26 a 235.68±11.23 abc 282.7±7.92 ab
T5 16.26±0.21 a 3.93±0.70 a 266.01±9.58 a 276.73±7.04 b

Fig. 2

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on potato antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA and Pro content in 2024 Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters within the same growth stage indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 3

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on the dry matter accumulation of potato in 2024 Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. A, B, C, and D indicate the squaring, tuber formation, tuber bulking, and starch accumulation periods, respectively. Different lowercase letters within the same organ and growth stage indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 4

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on potato yield Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)."

Table 3

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on potato yield and yield components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 大中薯率
Large and medium tuber rates (%)		 小薯率
Small tuber rate
(%)		 单株结薯数
Number of tubers per plant		 单株薯重
Tuber weight per plant (kg)		 单薯重
Individual tuber weight (kg)
2023 CK 72.57±4.73 b 27.43±2.43 a 5.88±0.22 b 0.44±0.02 b 0.07±0.01 a
T1 79.07±5.67 ab 20.93±1.25 ab 6.75±0.15 ab 0.46±0.06 ab 0.07±0.01 a
T2 81.88±5.03 ab 18.12±3.80 ab 6.96±1.17 ab 0.43±0.03 b 0.06±0.01 a
T3 83.71±6.25 ab 16.29±2.33 ab 7.53±0.21 ab 0.52±0.07 ab 0.07±0.01 a
T4 82.77±10.35 ab 17.23±0.97 ab 7.65±0.11 ab 0.57±0.04 ab 0.07±0.01 a
T5 84.69±5.29 a 15.31±1.12 b 7.93±0.97 a 0.69±0.08 a 0.09±0.01 a
2024 CK 67.94±3.18 c 32.06±2.39 a 5.06±0.17 a 0.85±0.07 c 0.17±0.01 a
T1 73.86±0.60 b 26.14±2.84 ab 5.28±0.25 a 0.87±0.03 bc 0.17±0.01 a
T2 82.33±3.59 a 17.67±3.59 bc 5.25±0.44 a 0.95±0.06 ab 0.18±0.01 a
T3 75.75±4.67 b 24.25±1.37 d 5.25±0.21 a 0.89±0.03 bc 0.17±0.01 a
T4 77.98±1.38 ab 22.02±1.79 cd 5.16±0.15 a 0.89±0.04 bc 0.17±0.01 a
T5 81.88±0.44 a 18.12±1.85 d 5.47±0.08 a 1.00±0.03 a 0.18±0.01 a

Table 4

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on potato quality"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉含量
Starch content
(%)		 维生素C含量
VC content
(mg 100 g-1)		 还原糖含量
Reducing sugar content (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content
(%)
2023 CK 19.43±0.49 b 15.65±0.8 b 0.23±0.01 a 2.58±0.15 a
T1 20.28±0.42 ab 16.22±0.44 ab 0.22±0.01 ab 2.61±0.26 a
T2 21.26±0.32 a 16.35±0.60 ab 0.20±0.01 bc 2.62±0.07 a
T3 20.38±0.51 ab 16.28±0.62 ab 0.22±0.02 ab 2.62±0.10 a
T4 20.64±0.53 a 16.89±0.69 ab 0.22±0.01 ab 2.69±0.15 a
T5 21.32±0.84 a 17.41±0.59 a 0.18±0.01 c 2.71±0.10 a
2024 CK 19.71±0.54 d 15.69±0.43 b 0.22±0.02 a 2.58±0.13 a
T1 20.20±0.12 cd 15.83±0.17 b 0.21±0.02 ab 2.61±0.18 a
T2 20.98±0.52 ab 16.43±0.27 ab 0.20±0.01 ab 2.64±0.07 a
T3 20.29±0.16 cd 16.26±0.88 ab 0.21±0.01 ab 2.61±0.09 a
T4 20.61±0.06 bc 16.27±0.37 ab 0.20±0.01 ab 2.64±0.09 a
T5 21.38±0.40 a 17.12±0.64 a 0.19±0.01 b 2.69±0.12 a

Table 5

Effects of nano-zinc and ionic zinc fertilizer on zinc content and accumulation in potato tubers"

处理
Treatment		 2023 2024
块茎锌含量
Tuber zinc content
(mg kg-1)		 块茎锌积累量
Tuber zinc accumulation (mg)		 块茎锌含量
Tuber zinc content
(mg kg-1)		 块茎锌积累量
Tuber zinc accumulation
(mg)
CK 13.34±1.00 d 1.82±0.39 c 14.58±0.54 c 2.04±0.12 e
T1 14.76±0.47 cd 2.03±0.15 bc 16.15±0.43 bc 2.41±0.25 d
T2 17.54±0.19 b 2.52±0.16 ab 19.27±0.48 a 3.03±0.05 ab
T3 15.06±1.28 cd 2.12±0.38 bc 16.68±0.81 bc 2.51±0.09 cd
T4 16.40±0.45 bc 2.33±0.13 bc 17.26±0.46 b 2.76±0.17 bc
T5 19.37±1.77 a 2.92±0.29 a 19.39±0.88 a 3.12±0.25 a

Fig. 5

Perason correlation analysis of nano-zinc and ion zinc on potato index in 2024 * and ** indicate significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. A: plant height; B: stem diameter; C: chlorophyll relative content; D: net photosynthetic rate; E: transpiration rate; F: stomatal conductance; G: intercellular CO2 concentration; H superoxide dismutase; I: peroxidase; J: catalase; K: malondialdehyde content; L: proline content; M: large and medium tuber rate; N: small tuber rate; O: number of tubers per plant; P: individual tuber weight; Q: yield; R: starch content; S: vitamin C content; T: reducing sugar content; U: protein content; V: zinc content in tubers; W: zinc accumulation in tubers."

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