氮肥与钾肥运筹对弱筋小麦籽粒产量、品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41067

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on the yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat and to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield, high-quality production, a field experiment was conducted during the wheat growing seasons from 2022 to 2024 using Baihumai 1 and Wanximai 0638 as experimental materials. Four nitrogen application levels were applied: N0 (0 kg hm^-²), N10 (150 kg hm^-²), N12 (180 kg hm^-²), and N14 (210 kg hm^-²), along with three basal-to-topdressing nitrogen ratios: F1 (8:2), F2 (7:3), and F3 (6:4). Potassium fertilizer was applied at 150 kg hm^-² with two treatments: a one-time basal application (K1) and a split application with a basal-to-topdressing ratio of 5:5 (K2). The study examined the effects of these treatments on tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, nitrogen accumulation, yield components, grain protein content, and wet gluten content of weak-gluten wheat. The results showed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management significantly influenced wheat growth and development. Tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and plant nitrogen accumulation increased with higher nitrogen application rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. Under the same nitrogen application rate and topdressing proportion, potassium topdressing resulted in higher tiller numbers and greater dry matter accumulation compared to a one-time basal application. Additionally, the nitrogen application rate, topdressing proportion, and potassium topdressing significantly affected yield-related traits, including thousand-grain weight, grains per spike, number of spikes, and overall yield, all of which increased with higher nitrogen rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. When potassium fertilizer was topdressed rather than applied as a single basal dose, these yield components were further enhanced. Grain protein content and wet gluten content also increased with higher nitrogen application rates and a greater proportion of topdressed nitrogen. Among fertilization treatments that met national standards for high-quality weak-gluten wheat, the N12K2F2 treatment resulted in an average increase of 7.3% and 12.3% in dry matter accumulation at flowering and maturity stages, respectively, compared to N12K1F2. Additionally, post-flowering dry matter production and its contribution to grain yield increased by 19.0% and 7.7%, respectively, while nitrogen accumulation improved by 13.5%. Compared to N0K2, the N12K2F2 treatment increased thousand-grain weight, grains per spike, number of spikes, and yield by 6.7%, 86.8%, 25.1%, and 152.7%, respectively. Relative to N12K1F2, these parameters increased by 1.6%, 5.5%, 4.6%, and 12.6%, respectively. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the optimal fertilization strategy for simultaneously improving weak-gluten wheat yield and quality was a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg hm^-², a basal-to-topdressing ratio of 7:3, and topdressed potassium fertilizer at the jointing stage.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer operation, potassium fertilizer application, weak gluten wheat, yield, quality

ZHAO Jia-Wen, LI Zi-Hong, OU Xing-Yu, WANG Yi-Lang, DING Xiao-Fei, LIANG Yue-Yao, DING Wen-Jin, ZHANG Hai-Peng, MA Shang-Yu, FAN Yong-Hui, HUANG Zheng-Lai, ZHANG Wen-Jing. Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1914-1933.

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Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer management on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat

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