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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1397-1409.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23003

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of drought stress before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize after re-watering

ZHANG Jun-Jie1(), CHEN Jin-Ping2, TANG Yu-Lou1, ZHANG Rui3, CAO Hong-Zhang1, WANG Li-Juan1, MA Meng-Jin1, WANG Hao1, WANG Yong-Chao1, GUO Jia-Meng1, KRISHNA SV Jagadish4, YANG Qing-Hua1, SHAO Rui-Xin1,*()   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu Agricultural Ecology, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
    3Henan Province Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    4Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79410, Texas, USA
  • Received:2022-01-07 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-05-12 Published:2022-10-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: shao_rui_xin@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Henan University Science and Technology Innovation Talents Support Plan(20HASTIT036);Sub-project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901002-8);Central Plains Talents Program—Central Plains Youth Top Talents

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Abstract:

Drought before and after anthesis is one of the important factors affecting the decrease of summer maize yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region. From 2020 to 2021, a pool planting control experiment was carried out. To study the effect of regulated deficit irrigation before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield of summer maize after re-watering, four water gradients were set within 28 days before and after anthesis, including 100% Eapotranspiration (ETc) (CK), 70% ETC (Water deficit, WD1), 40% ETC (WD2), and 0 ETC (WD3) using Zhongkeyu 505 as the test materials. The result showed that the photosynthetic performance of summer maize leaves did not recover after re-watering under drought stress. The SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, population leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were lower than the control, and the dry matter accumulation of the plants was blocked, resulting in the decrease of grain storage capacity. Drought stress prolonged the anthesis-silking interval for 1-3 day (s), increased the seed abortion rate, and decreased the grain number per row and 100-seed weight after re-watering, especially the seed abortion rate in WD3 was significantly increased by 220.71% and 100.73% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The yield of WD1, WD2, WD3 was decreased by 14.52%, 36.69%, 39.83% and 19.62%, 45.18%, 54.42% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In conclusion, after re-watering under water deficit before and after anthesis, the photosynthetic performance of maize was still inhibited, which further affected the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic assimilates, and ultimately leading to a significant decrease in storage capacity and yield.

Key words: anthesis, drought, summer maize, re-watering, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

Fig. 1

Distribution of temperature and precipitation during summer maize growth period in 2020 and 2021 A: the temperature and precipitation distribution of maize in the summer of 2020; B: the temperature and precipitation distribution of maize in the summer of 2021."

Fig. 2

Effects of water deficit before and after anthesis on the anthesis-silking interval of summer maize Data are means ± standard deviations (SDs) (n = 3). The lowercase letters in the figure indicate a significant difference of 0.05 between different treatments. CK: 100% ETC (normal water treatment); WD1: 70% ETC (mild drought); WD2: 40% ETC (moderate drought); WD3: 0 ETC (severe drought)."

Fig. 3

Effects of water deficit before and after anthesis on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize leaves after re-watering DAP indicates days after pollination; A and B indicates leaf SPAD and PIABS in 2020 and 2021 respectively. C and D indicates the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves at 20 days after pollination in 2021. * indicates that there is a significant difference between treatment and CK in this period. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate that the difference between different treatments in the same period is significant at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 4

Effects of water deficit before and after anthesis on leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate of summer maize population after re-watering DAP indicates days after pollination; A indicates leaf area index at 20 and 30 days after pollination in 2020 and 2021; B indicates photosynthetic potential in 2020 and 2021; C indicates net assimilation rate in 2020 and 2021 respectively. * represents the significant difference among different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). Data are means ± SD (n = 3). The lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 5

Effects of water deficit on grain storage capacity and kernels filling index of summer maize after re-watering DAP: days after pollination; A: grain storage at 10 days and 20 days after pollination in 2020 and 2021, respectively; B: latent storage capacity (LSC) at 10 and 20 days after pollination in 2020 and 2021, respectively; C: kernels filling index (KFI) at 10 days and 20 days after pollination in 2020 and 2021, respectively; Data are means ± SDs (n = 3). Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level among the different treatments at the same time. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Fig. 6

Effects of water deficit before and after flowering on dry matter accumulation and grain contribution rate DAP indicates days after pollination; A indicates the accumulation of stems, leaves, sheaths, tassel + husk + cob, grain at 10 days after pollination (DAP10) and Harvest in 2020 and 2021 respectively. B indicates the contribution of material reuse to grain in 2020 and 2021 respectively; * represents the significant difference among different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). Data are means ± SDs (n = 3). Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate that there is significant difference at the 0.05 probability level between different treatments. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2."

Table 1

Effect of water deficit before and after flowering on yield, water use efficiency and ear characteristics of summer maize"

处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter (mm)		 穗行数
Ear row		 行粒数
Grain number per row		 秃尖长
Bald tip length (cm)		 败育率
The abortive rate (%)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per ear		 百粒重
Hundred seeds weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g plant-1)		 收获指数Harvest index 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2020
CK 16.51±1.26 a 46.01±1.18 a 14.00±1.15 a 35.60±2.87 a 2.13±0.16 a 5.89±0.77 c 493.83±46.50 a 30.03±0.59 a 154.79±1.64 a 0.54±0.03 a 19.58±0.05 a
WD1 15.98±1.24 ab 44.79±1.38 b 14.57±1.22 a 32.47±3.38 a 2.19±0.20 a 10.73±1.05 b 478.50±45.94 a 27.33±1.59 b 132.31±2.23 b 0.46±0.03 b 16.88±0.09 b
WD2 15.31±1.25 b 43.88±1.63 bc 14.00±0.76 a 28.20±4.54 b 2.51±0.24 a 11.99±1.94 b 389.85±59.90 b 27.13±1.14 b 98.00±4.85 c 0.41±0.03 c 12.33±0.03 c
WD3 15.00±1.82 b 42.91±1.85 c 14.40±0.89 a 28.44±5.79 b 2.62±0.28 a 18.89±3.14 a 369.00±64.40 b 25.18±2.29 c 93.14±2.51 c 0.36±0.04 d 11.77±0.07 d
2021
CK 16.06±0.96 a 39.95±2.30 a 14.00±1.41 a 37.60±1.17 a 0.49±0.13 b 9.61±2.07 c 401.00±27.73 a 28.74±2.00 a 132.57±1.53 a 0.44±0.04 a 13.71±0.06 a
WD1 15.42±1.54 a 39.47±1.38 a 14.50±1.00 a 34.47±1.88 b 0.77±0.01 b 12.80±1.05 b 352.45±22.37 b 23.32±0.93 b 106.56±1.60 b 0.41±0.05 ab 11.06±0.06 b
WD2 14.50±0.93 b 36.63±1.25 b 14.40±0.89 a 28.80±2.14 c 1.44±0.02 a 13.93±3.06 b 291.31±30.72 c 22.01±1.24 b 72.67±1.17 c 0.37±0.04 ab 7.43±0.02 c
WD3 13.18±0.69 b 37.44±1.41 b 14.67±1.15 a 28.24±2.79 c 1.76±0.39 a 19.29±1.19 a 237.60±29.32 d 19.93±1.62 c 60.43±1.41 d 0.25±0.03 b 6.22±0.04 d

Table 2

Correlation analysis of yield and ear characteristics, anthesis-silking interval, grain storage under water deficit before and after flowering in 2020"

ASI DGS LAI PP B EL ED GNR AR GNE HSW Y
开花吐丝间隔 Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) 1
DAP10库容 DAP10 grain storage (DGS) -0.87* 1
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI) 0.51 0.46 1
光合势 Photosynthetic potential (PP) 0.65 0.45* 0.23 1
总生物量 Biomass (B) -0.55 0.42 0.35 0.18 1
穗长 Ear length (EL) -0.20 0.62 0.35 0.12 0.21 1
穗粗 Ear diameter (ED) -0.55 0.56 0.55* 0.43 0.10 0.52** 1
行粒数 Grain number per row (GNR) -0.76** 0.63 0.52* 0.31 0.14 0.82** 0.68** 1
败育率 Abortive rate (AR) 0.89** -0.87** 0.58* -0.44 -0.59** -0.41* -0.53** -0.44* 1
穗粒数 Grain number per ear (GNE) 0.74* 0.45* 0.39* 0.37* 0.51* 0.39** 0.37* 0.53** -0.72** 1
百粒重 Hundred seeds weight (HSW) -0.96** 0.82** 0.619** 0.64** 0.57** 0.33* 0.28 0.32* -0.77** 0.44** 1
产量 Yield (Y) -0.89** 0.83** 0.387 0.53* 0.48 0.38 0.60* 0.55* -0.79** 0.72** 0.88** 1

Table 3

Correlation analysis of yield and ear characteristics, anthesis-silking interval, storage capacity, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters under water deficit before and after flowering in 2021"

ASI GS NPR ICC LAI PP B EL ED GNR AR GPE HSW Y
开花吐丝间隔 Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) 1
库容 Grain storage (GS) -0.42 1
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) 0.73 -0.49* 1
胞间CO2浓度 Intercellular CO2 concentration (ICC) 0.82 -0.64* -0.68* 1
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI) 0.89** 0.634 0.80* -0.82 1
光合势 Photosynthetic potential (PP) 0.90** 0.84** 0.754* -0.85** 0..88** 1
总生物量 Biomass (B) -0.84 0.70 0.91** -0.87** 0.90** 0.86** 1
穗长 Ear length (EL) -0.84* 0.34 0.88** -0.57 0.80* 0.73* 0.87** 1
穗粗 Ear diameter (ED) -0.40 0.26 0.65* -0.50 0.67 0.47 0.71* 0.54* 1
行粒数 Grain number per row (GNR) -0.78** 0.66** 0.68* -0.61 0.857* 0.77* 0.77 0.66** 0.57* 1
败育率 Abortive rate (AR) 0.89** -0.63** -0.84** 0.73* -0.83* -0.83** -0.89** -0.71** -0.41 -0.64** 1
穗粒数 Grain number per ear (GPE) -0.87** 0.66** 0.82** -0.78** 0.85** 0.87** 0.86** 0.68** 0.49* 0.69** -0.87** 1
百粒重 Hundred seeds weight (HSW) -0.78* 0.68** 0.80** -0.65* 0.819** 0.86** 0.96** 0.60** 0.57* 0.77** -0.76** 0.72** 1
产量 Yield (Y) -0.90* 0.70* 0.84** -0.93** 0.939** 0.94** 0.96** 0.81** 0.66* 0.86** -0.85** 0.91** 0.92** 1
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